Zeziphi izindululo ngenjongo kweengxelo? Injongo kunye nethoni yokuthetha. Imizekelo iziphakamiso ngenjongo kweengxelo

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba, ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela uthetha okanye yintoni injongo yokuthetha, izindululo ngolwimi Russian anganika intsingiselo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, ithoni kunye nenjongo kweengxelo kwi "Yintoni le" kwezivakalisi linokubhekisela:

• Ndilicukuceze - "! yintoni na", ingxelo ukubhavuma isithethi malunga okwenzekayo;
• umbuzo - "? yintoni na" i self-explanatory.

Ukwenza ugxininiso ilizwi kumagama ezahlukeneyo, esithi, kwakhona udlulisele isimo sabo ngokulandela ikakhulu kulwazi.

Kuxhomekeka yintoni injongo, iingxelo, izindululo bohlulwa babe declarative, zogxininiso kunye yenkuthazo.

Linikeza concept

Ithuba - unit syntactic, apho imfezeko. Xa ubhala yokugqibela ithunyelwe nge ngongoma, umbuzo okanye uphawu lwesikhuzo, kwaye ngomlomo - imvakalozwi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ekupheleni iingxelo ewela.

Amazwi ifakiwe zindululo ziye amaqhina oqhagamshelwano nge izalathandawo ngokwegrama kunye neziphelo, kwaye intsingiselo. kwezivakalisi nganye olupheleleyo isiseko nawanikelayo amalungu yayo ephambili, okanye omnye wabo - intloko nesivisa, akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni na izindululo utsho ekujoliswe kulo.

imizekelo:

• Umama ukufunda incwadi ukuya intombi. "Umama" - yintloko kunye "ithi" - isenzi ebonisa ngezenzo zalo.

• Ekuseni esitratweni. Kule isiphakamiso, kukho kuphela isivisa - "isifingo".
• Winter. Esi sakhiwo iqulathe kuphela kwesi sifundo.

Kuxhomekeka kufuneka ukuba athi, injongo yabo ibe ukudlulisa umyalezo, umbuzo, okanye ezixhasayo.

izivakalisi declarative

Olu hlobo luqhelekileyo isintaksi, nangona kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba isigwebo declarative, wathi nomnye imvakalozwi unako ukungena udidi iintshukumisa okanye umbuzo.

Ezi iintlobo kwezivakalisi imiyalezo ngeziganeko ngoku, izibakala okanye iziganeko, njengoko kusitshiwo, kwaye ukuyithenga. Umzekelo:

• Usuku lokugqibela washiya memory kabuhlungu. Kulo mzekelo, bathi injongo kweenkcukacha - na udluliselo sengqondo esibi kumsitho.

• udade wam elindele phezu kwesitulo, ngoxa mna ukwenza imithambo ngamandla emva ngokubaleka elide. Nale nto, ukudluliswa ulwazi lwenzeka ezimbini ezidibene ngayo phakathi intsingiselo yesivakalisi nivakalisa ngeentshukumo eziqhubekayo nokuba cala-umbala HIV.

Ngokuqhelekileyo iingxelo ejoliswe ntetho lolwazi, ngencwadi ebhaliweyo, elandelwa ixesha, kwaye ngomlomo - ukuncipha ngethoni yelizwi.

Isibonelelo nkulumo

Kuxhomekeke kwizindululo ingxelo ekujoliswe usebenzisa umbhali, ukuba mhlawumbi ukukhuthaza inyathelo okanye ukudluliselwa icebiso okanye isindululo kulo mzekelo iya kubizwa ngokuba yenkuthazo.

Kwezi zakhiwo syntactic izizathu Wenyathelo lwenziwa nge inyathelo isenzi okanye amasuntswana ezikhethekileyo ezifana 'ukuba sivumele "," kuza "," Yiza "kunye nabanye.

inikeza Inkuthazo ukuba iingxelo injongo (imizekelo ngezantsi) ukuze ekugqibeleni bobabini indawo isikhuzo, kunye ingongoma. Kuxhomekeka ithowuni baveza:

• Isicelo - "Nceda, Makhe ndihambe."
• Cela - "Khawundiphe amanzi."

• Order - "Phuma apha!".
• Wish - "Yiba Healthy!".
• Icebiso - "Fumana inja wena."

Bevakalisa nje iingxelo ezinjalo, injongo - ukuba ukutyhala amanyathelo, impembelelo umbhali ukuba zandise kwizenzo kunye neziganeko.

izivakalisi zogxininiso

Xa umntu efuna into ukucacisa okanye ukufumana phandle, wabuza. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo linikeza kwiingxelo wokukora ngoko kusetyenziswa noko bekumele ukuba aphendule, ukuba yahlulwe:

• Obschevoprositelnye syntax, umsebenzi walo ongundoqo - ukufumana okubi (akukho), eyakhayo (ae) okanye cala (Andazi, mhlawumbi) ukuphendula nayiphi na inkcazelo. Umzekelo: "Nina sele waba isidlo?" "Kule myezo kukhula Lilac"?
• Iziphakamiso Chastnovoprositelnye ejoliswe umntu othile ukufumana ulwazi malunga nayo ngakumbi, uhlobo into okanye iimeko amanyathelo, ezifana: "kangakanani na ukuze ube endaweni," "Xa ifika ezifudumeleyo"?.

Kule iintlobo zezivakalisi kusoloko umbuzo ofuna impendulo ethile.

Types of izivakalisi zogxininiso

Ezi ntlobo zezakhiwo inokuba ezahlukahlukeneyo zendalo, umzekelo, kuba:

• enyanisweni, okubuza kunye qiniseka ukuba efuna impendulo, kuba le nkcazelo ixelwa ngumbhali olungaziwayo: "Apho uya tram?";

• imiba ukuzazisa ukuba kufuneka uqinisekise i data sele wakukhankanya: "Nguye kungekhona ngenjongo?";
• zilungiso ezimbi, ezithi zibonise kuphika, sele njengenxalenye lo mbuzo: "? Kwaye kufuneka kutheni oko";
• incentive, umsebenzi apho umntu okanye ukutyhala ukuba isenzo:; "ubone Mhlawumbi a movie phambi kokuba ulale?"
• imibuzo-buciko ukuba musa ukuba mandatory impendulo: "Ngubani akayi gxwa amanzi ngexesha eshushu?".

Kuxhomekeke iinjongo kukho iingxelo izivakalisi zogxininiso, ngencwadi ebhaliweyo, ukuba idluliselwe nge uphawu lombuzo, njengoko intetho - encediswa imvakalozwi. Kwezi zakhiwo syntactic badla ukusebenzisa igama kunye ixabiso mbuzo, ezifana "ntoni", "kutheni", "yintoni", "indlela" kunye nabanye.

izivakalisi exclamatory

Olu hlobo kwezivakalisi kuxhomekeke isandi ngayo ilizwi olithethileyo. Injongo - ukubonisa imvakalelo ezibangela iziganeko okanye izenzo ezithile. Zahlula-hlulwe:

• esibalisayo, izivakalisi exclamatory, ezifana "Ikhephu wokuqala wawa - elihle ngaphandle!";

• imibuzo, lokhuzo - "Ngaba kukho nto ungayiqondiyo okokuqala?!";
• causative-design lokhuzo - "Ndinike umva encwadini yam!".

Koko injongo yentetho kunye nemvakalozwi, iimpawu zokubhala zixhomekeke kuzo.

iziphakamiso Ulwabiwo yokubhala

Ukuba intetho kweso tone izakhiwo ibonisa injongo yabo ngencwadi ebhaliweyo ukuba ixesha, uphawu lombuzo, okanye uphawu lwesikhuzo.

• Isigwebo kwebali nevosklitsatelnyh ekupheleni lusoloko lwandulelwe ngongoma, "Ndafika ekhaya ndidiniwe."
• Ukuba ingxelo declarative, zogxininiso, okanye isizathu, kodwa imvakalozwi ukuchama, ngoko ke ubeke indawo isikhuzo, maxa wambi-3, okanye nga kuma emva kokuba umbuzo. Umzekelo: "! Ke Ivan Tsarevich waya zula", "Lumkani !!!", "Ngaba uphambene?!"

• Xa isindululo intshukumisa onesimilo nevosklitsatelny, ekugqibeleni wamfaka ngongoma: ". Yiya ekhaya"
• Ukuba ingxelo ngokundibamba incompleteness, siphela kunye ellipsis: "? Mna wabuya evela kohambo olude, yaye emva koko yintoni ..", "Nonxunguphalo, usizi zayidla kum ..."

Ukubeka iimpawu zeziphumlisi, kufuneka amisele ukuba uhlobo iingxelo njongo ziquka isindululo yaye yintoni na ilizwi layo.