Ytterbium ifayibha laser: isixhobo, isimiso ukusebenza, amandla, imveliso, sebenzisa

Ama-lasers e-Fiber ahlangene kwaye ahlala echanekileyo, athathwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye akhuphe amandla okushisa. Zineentlobo ezahlukileyo kwaye, xa zininzi ezifanayo kunye neenjini zengqungquthela yee-quantum zezinye iintlobo, zineenzuzo ezikhethekileyo.

I-Lasers yeFiber: Umgaqo wokuSebenza

Amadivaysi alolu hlobo ahlukeneyo kumthombo wesimo esomeleleyo sombuso we-radiation ohambelanayo kunye nomzimba osebenzayo wefiber optical, kunokuba intonga, ipake okanye idiski. Ukukhanya kuveliswa yi-dopant kwinxalenye ephambili yefiber. Isiseko esisisiseko sinokuqala ukusuka kumlula ukuya kunzima. Isixhobo se-ytterbium fiber laser sinjalo ukuba i-fiber inomlinganiselo omkhulu we-surface-to-volume, ngoko ke ukushisa kungaqhathaniswa lula.

Ama-lasers e-Fiber aqhutywe ngokuphambuka, ngokuqhelekileyo ngeendlela zokuvelisa i-diode generator, kodwa ngezinye iimeko-ezifanayo. I-optics esetyenziswe kule nkqubo ngokuqhelekileyo zixhobo ze-fiber, zininzi okanye zonke zixhunyelelana. Kwezinye iimeko, i-optic volumetric isetyenziswa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo yangaphakathi yefiber-optic idibaniswe ne-optic volumetric optics.

Umthombo we-diode ukupompoza kungabakho idiode, i-matrix, okanye isethi yeedodedi ezizimeleyo, ngasinye sidibaniswe kwisikhonkco nge-fiber-optic lightguide. I-fiber ene-doped kwiphepha ngalinye ineglasi yesilwanyana se-resonator - ngokuqhelekileyo, i-Bragg yenziwe ngefiber. Ayikho i-optics ye-volumetric ekupheleni, ngaphandle kokuba i-output irradi ibe yinto ethile ngaphandle kwefiber. I-lightguide ingaphambukiswa, ngoko ke ukuba uthanda, i-laser cavity ingaba nobude beemitha eziliqela.

Isakhiwo sesibini esisiseko

Isakhiwo sefayibhile esisetyenziselwa iilfiber lasers kubalulekile. I-geometry eqhelekileyo iyona yesakhiwo-esisiseko. Umda ongaphandle ongagqithwanga (ngezinye izihlandlo othiwa igobolondo yangaphakathi) uqokelela ukukhanya okuphazamisayo kwaye uyayilawula kunye nefiber. Umbane owenziwe owenziwe kwifayibha iyadlula kwi-core yangaphakathi, edlalwa yindlela enye. Ingundoqo yangaphakathi iqulethe i-additi ytterbium, ekhuthazwa ngumgqomo wokukhanya wokupompa. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezingenasisetyhula zangaphandle, ezibandakanya i-hexagonal, i-D eneemeko kunye nomxholongwane, ukunciphisa amathuba okubhenqa ukukhanya ephantsi.

I-laser fiber inokuphelisa okanye ukupompa. Kwimeko yokuqala, ukukhanya okuvela kumnye okanye kwimithombo engaphezulu kufinyelela ekupheleni kwefiber. Ngompompo ohamba phambili, ukukhanya kutyiswa kumgcahluli, owondla ngaphandle. Oku kwahluke kwi-laser yangundoqo, apho ukukhanya kungena kwi-perpendicular to axis.

Ukufumana isisombululo esinjalo, kufuneka kwenziwe uphuhliso oluninzi. Ugxininiso oluninzi luhlawulwa ukuzisa ukukhanya kwempompo kwiindawo ezisebenzayo ukwenzela ukuvelisa inversion yoluntu ekhokelela ekukhutshweni okukhuselekileyo kwingundoqo yangaphakathi. Umongo we-laser unokuba neyantlukwano eyahlukileyo yokukhulisa, kuxhomekeke kwi-doping yefiber, kunye nobude balo. Ezi zinto ziqwalaselwe yinjineli yoyilo ukufumana iiparitha eziyimfuneko.

Kukho ukukhawulelwa kwamandla, ngokukodwa, xa usebenza ngaphakathi kwefowuni enye. Ingundoqo enjalo inendawo encinane kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukukhanya kwamandla okugqithisa kakhulu kudlulayo. Kule meko, ukusabalalisa okungaqhelekanga kweBrillouin kuya kuba yinto ebonakalayo ngakumbi, ebeka umda wamandla okuvelisa ngamawaka angamawaka watts. Ukuba isibonakaliso somphumo siphezulu ngokwaneleyo, ukuphela kobuso befiber kungonakaliswa.

Iimpawu zetayibha lasers

Ukusetyenziswa kwefiber njengomsebenzi osebenzayo kunika ubude obukhulu bokusebenzisana, obusebenza kakuhle ngokupompa idiode. Le geometri ibangela ukuguqulwa okuphezulu kokuguqulwa kwe-photon, kunye nokuqulunqwa okuthembekileyo kunye nekhampani, apho kungekho optics edibeneyo efuna ukulungiswa okanye ukulungelelaniswa.

I-laser ye-Fiber, ifowuni evumela ukuba ivumelane kakuhle, inokuthi iguqulelwe ngokubini kwi-welding eneeshicilelo zetsimbi kunye nokufumana iifom femsecsecond. Ama-amplifiers amafiber-optic anikezela ukuphakanyiswa kwe-pass-pass and usetyenziso kwi-telecommunications njengoko banako ukukhulisa ii-longwartengths ezininzi. Inzuzo efanayo isetyenziselwa ukukhulisa amandla kunye ne-oscillator yomphathi. Kwezinye iimeko, i-amplifier inokusebenza kunye nelaseli yamayeza eqhubekayo.

Omnye umzekelo yimithombo yomswakama wenyango kunye nokukhulisa i-fiber, apho ukukhutshwa okukhusayo kupheliswa. Omnye umzekelo i-Raman fiber laser eneenzuzo ekusabalaleni okudibeneyo okutshintsha kakhulu ubukhulu bomda. Ufumene isicelo kwisayensi yenzululwazi, apho iiferegi zeglasi zoglasi zizisebenzisa ukuvelisa isizukulwana kunye nokukhulisa, kunokuba zifakwe kwiifayili ze quartz.

Nangona kunjalo, njengomthetho, iimbumba zenziwe ngeglasi ye-quartz kunye nokungcola komhlaba okungaqhathaniswa kwamanzi. Izithako eziphambili ziyi-ytterbium kunye ne-erbium. I-Ytterbium inamaqondo angama-10 ukuya ku-1080 nm kwaye inokuphuma kwibala elibanzi. Ukusebenzisa i-diode ye-940-nm ukupompa kakhulu kunciphisa ubuninzi be-photons. I-Ytterbium ayinayo nayiphi na imiphumo yokuzicima kwayo i-neodymium inexinzelelo ephezulu, ngoko oku kusetshenziselwa i-lasum voltage, kwaye i-ytterbium isetyenziswe kwii-fibers lasers (zombini zinikela malunga nobude obufanayo).

I-Erbium iphuma kwi-1530-1620 nm, iphephile kwamehlo. Ubume bunokuphindwa kabini ukwenzela ukuvelisa ukukhanya kwi-780 nm, engabonakaliyo kwezinye iindidi ze-fiber lasers. Ekugqibeleni, i-ytterbium inokudibaniswa kwi-erbium ngendlela enjalo leyo nto iya kuthatha umbane kunye nokudlulisela lo mandla kwi-erbium. I-Thulium yinto enye inika isongezelelo kunye nokukhanya kwi-infrared ye-infrared, nto leyo yinto ekhuselekileyo yamehlo.

Ukusebenza kakuhle

I-laser fiber yinkqubo ye-quasi-ezintathu yezinga. Umpompo wepom ukhuthaza utshintsho ukusuka kummandla womhlaba ukuya kumgangatho ophezulu. Ukuguquka kwesilawuli yinguqu ukusuka kwinqanaba eliphantsi kwezinga eliphezulu ukuya kwelinye lamazwe ahlukeneyo. Oku kusebenza kakhulu: umzekelo, i-ytterbium ene-940-nm ipomton ipomton iphuma ipotton enomyinge we-1030 nm kunye ne-defum defect (ukulahleka kwamandla) e-9% kuphela.

Ngokwahlukileyo, i-neodymium, iphoswe nge-808 nm, ilahlekelwa malunga ne-24% yamandla. Ngaloo ndlela, i-ytterbium ifumaneka ngokugqithiseleyo, nangona kungabikho konke okufezekayo ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kweefoton ezithile. I-Yb inokuphonywa ngamaqela amaninzi, kunye ne-erbium - kwi-length of 1480 okanye 980 nm. I-frequency ephakamileyo ayisebenzisekanga kwinqanaba lokujonga i-photon defect, kodwa luncedo nangona kunjalo, kuba ku-980 nm iindawo ezilungileyo zikhoyo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusebenza kwe-laser fiber kuyiphumo leenkqubo ezimbini. Okokuqala, kukusebenza kwe-diode yepom. Imithombo ye-semiconductor ye-radiation ehambelanayo iyasebenza kakhulu, kunye ne-50% esebenzayo yokuguqula uphawu lwegesi kwisignali. Iziphumo zophando lwebhoratri zibonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukufikelela kwixabiso le 70% okanye ngaphezulu. Ukuba i-rayation yamaritha e-fiber ihambelana ngokuchanekileyo, usebenzo oluphezulu lwepom lufezekisiwe.

Okwesibini, yindlela yokuguqula i-optical-optical. Ngesiphene esincinane kwi-photons, kunokwenzeka ukufezekisa ukunyusa okuphezulu kunye nokukhishwa kwe-extraction-optical conversion of 60-70%. Ukusebenza kakuhle kuluhlu lwe-25-35%.

Uqwalaselo oluhlukileyo

Iimveliso ze-Fiber-optic i-generum ye-radiation eqhubekayo ingaba enye-okanye i-multimode (ngeendlela ezihambayo). Iimodi ezizimeleyo zivelisa umgangatho ophezulu wezinto ezisebenzayo okanye ezithumela i-boram nge-atmospheric, kunye neeltim fibers industrial fibers zingenza amandla angaphezulu. Le nto isetyenziselwa ukusika kunye nokunyuka, kwaye ngokukodwa ukunyanga kwonyango, apho indawo enkulu ikhanya khona.

I-long-pulse laser fiber isisiseko se-quasi-continuous, esivame ukuvelisa i-pulse ye-millisecond. Ngokuqhelekileyo umjikelo walo wokusebenza u-10%. Oku kubangela amandla angaphezulu kwephambili kuneendlela eziqhubekayo (ngokuqhelekileyo zikhudlwana ezili-10 ubukhulu), ezisetyenzisiweyo, umz. Ixesha lingafikelela kwi-500 Hz, kuxhomekeke kubude.

Ukutshintsha kwe-Q kwiilayibrari zefiber kusebenza kunye nakwii-lasers ezininzi. Ubude bexesha eliqhelekileyo lisebubanzi be-nanosecondes ukuya kwi-microsecond. Ngokude i-fiber, ixesha elide kuthatha u-Q-switching umbane ophumayo, okhokelela ekupheni kwexesha elide.

Izakhiwo zefiber zibeka ezinye izithintelo kwi-Q-switching. Ukungabikho komnatha we-laser fiber kubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yendawo encinci ye-cross-sectional, ukuze ubukhulu becala bube buncipha. Ungasebenzisa ii-switch Q zokutshintsha ezinika ukusebenza okungcono, okanye i-modulator fiber ezidibanisa kwiziphelo zenxalenye esebenzayo.

Iipulsi kunye no-Q-switching zingaveliswa kwi-fiber okanye kwi-resonator yamathambo. Umzekelo wokugqibela ungatholakala kwiComplex Testing Complex (National Nuclear Test Simulation Complex (NIF, Livermore, eCalifornia), apho i-ytterbium fiber laser iyinkosi ye-oscillator yama-192. Impembelelo emincinci kwiiplati ezinkulu zeglasi e-alloy ziyakhuliswa kwi-megajoules.

Kwi-fiber lasers kunye nokuvumelanisa, ukuphindaphinda kwimiqathango kuxhomekeke kubude bezinto ezikhuphayo, njengakwezinye iimodi zokuvala imodeli, kwaye ububanzi be-pulse buxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuhamba. Iifutshane kakhulu zingama-50 fs, kwaye eyona nto ibonakalayo kwi-100 fs.

Phakathi kwe-erbium kunye ne-ytterbium fibers kukho umehluko obalulekileyo, ngenxa yoko baqhuba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusabalalisa. Iifom ze-Erbium-doped zifakwe kwi-1550 nm kwingingqi yokuhlakazeka okungafaniyo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuvelisa i-solitons. I-ytterbium fibers yindawo yokusabalalisa okulungileyo okanye okuqhelekileyo; Ngenxa yoko, zivelisa iipulisi ngexesha eliqhelekileyo lokumodareyitha eliqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, i-Grrag grating ingadingeka ukuze kucindezele ubude be-pulse.

Kukho iindlela eziliqela zokutshintsha iifayili-laser, ngokukodwa, ukufundiswa kwe-picosecond. Iifriji ze-crystoni ze-crystal zingenziwa nge-nuclei encinci ukuvelisa iziphumo ezinamandla ezingafaniyo, umzekelo, ukuvelisa i-supercontinuum. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-crystals i-photonic inokuveliswa kunye neenkokhelo ezinkulu ze-single-mode ukuze ziphephe iziphumo ezingafaniyo kumandla aphezulu.

Iiflexible photonic crystal fibers kunye nenjongo enkulu eyenzelwe izicelo ezifuna amandla aphezulu. Enye yezindlela ziquka ukugoba ngamabomu fiber efanelekileyo ukuze kupheliswe nayiphi na indlela engathandekiyo yokumisela i-modes ngelixa igcina kuphela indlela ehamba ngayo. Ukungabikho kwamanye amazwe kudala i-harmonics; Ngokukhupha nokukhupha ii-frequencies, amaza afutshane kunye namaxesha angaphezulu angadalwa. Imiphumo engekho emfutshane ingavelisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-pulse, ekhokelela ekubonakaleni kwamaxesha amaninzi.

Njengomthombo we-supercontinuum, iifutshane ezimfutshane zivelisa i-spectrum eqhubekayo ngokusetyenziswa kwe-self-modulation yesigaba. Ngokomzekelo, ukusuka kwi-6 ye-ps pulses kwi-1050 nm, eyenza i-ytterbium fiber laser, i-spectrum ifumaneka kwi-ultraviolet ukuya kuma-1600 nm. Omnye umthombo we-IR we-supercontinuum uphonywa ngumthombo we-erbium kwi-width of 1550 nm.

Amandla amakhulu

Amashishini okwangoku ngumthengi omkhulu weelfiber lasers. Imfuno enkulu ngoku iyanandipha amandla omyalelo we-kilowatt, esetyenziswe kwishishini lezimoto. Icandelo lezimoto lihambelana nokuveliswa kweemoto zensimbi ezinamandla eziphezulu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuphila ixesha elide kwaye kube lula ukugcina amafutha. Kunzima kakhulu kumatshini amashishini aqhelekileyo, umzekelo, ukubopha imingxuma kule hlobo lensimbi, kunye nemithombo ye-radiation ehambelanayo yenza kube lula.

Ukunqunyulwa kweMetri nge-laser fiber, xa kuthelekiswa neenjini ezivelisa ezinye iindidi, zinemivuzo eninzi. Ngokomzekelo, udidi olusondeleyo lwee-infrared lwamaza lugxininiswa kakuhle ngezinyithi. I-boram ingahanjiswa kwi-fiber, evumela ukuba i-robot ihambe ngokugqithiseleyo xa igca kunye nokubola.

I-fiber optical ihlangabezana neemfuno eziphezulu zamandla. Isixhobo se-Navy ye-US, esivivinywe ngo-2014, sinama-lasers ama-5.5-kW laser, ahlanganiselwe kwisigxina esisodwa kunye nokuphuma kwi-system optical system. Ukufakela kwe-33 kW kusetyenziswe ukunqoba imoto engasenanto. Nangona i-boram ayikho enye indlela, inkqubo inomdla, kuba ivumela ukuba senze i-laser fiber ngezandla zethu ukusuka kwizinto eziqhelekileyo, ezifikeleleka kalula.

Amandla amakhulu kunawo onke umthombo ohambelanayo we-IPG Photonics yi-10 kW. I-oscillator yenkosi ivelisa i-kilowatt yamandla okukhanya, ekhutshelwe ukuba i-amplifier ihlasele ngokupompa ngo-1018 nm ngokukhanya kwamanye ama-lasers fiber. Yonke inkqubo inokwakheka kwezifriji ezimbini.

Ukusetyenziswa kwee-fibre lasers kwaye kwasasazeka kwi-cutting-power power and welding. Ngokomzekelo, bathatha indawo yokuthungana kunye ne-sheet steel, ukuxazulula ingxaki yokuchithwa kwezinto. Ukulawulwa kwamandla kunye nezinye iiparitha kwenza kube lula ukunqumla imilenze ngokuchanileyo ngokukodwa, ngokukodwa ama-angles.

I-laser fiber laser enamandla kakhulu - ifowuni yokusika izinyithi zomenzi ofanayo-ifinyelela kwi-100 kW. Inkqubo isekelwe kwintlangano yesibonda esingaqhelekanga, ngoko ke akusikho umgqomo ophezulu ophezulu. Ukuhlala okunjalo kwenza ama-fibre lasers abonakalise umdla.

Ukuqhuba ikhonkrithi

Amandla omlambo we-Multimode we-4 kW angasetyenziselwa ukusika nokugaya ikhonkrithi. Kutheni oku kuyimfuneko? Xa iinjineli zizama ukufezekisa ukuxhathisa izakhiwo zezakhiwo ezikhoyo, kufuneka uqaphele ngekhonkrithi. Xa ufaka kuwo, umzekelo, ukuqiniswa kwensimbi, ukubola kwempembelelo yesiganeko kunokudala ukutyhoboza nokunciphisa ikhonkrithi, kodwa i-fiber lasers iyayinqumla ngaphandle kokuchoboza.

Iimveliso ze-Quantum ezine-Q-switched fiber zisetyenzisiweyo, umzekelo, ukumakisha okanye ukuveliswa kwe-electronics semiconductor. Ziye zisetyenziswe kwizixhobo ezifunyanisiweyo: iimodyuli ezisezantsi zinezixhobo ezikhuselekile zamehlo, ezinegunya lento engama-4 kW, ububanzi be-50 kHz kunye ne-pulse width 5-15 ns.

U kunyango

Kunomdla omkhulu kumanqabana amancinci amancinci kumgangatho omncinci kunye ne-nanoprocessing. Xa ususa ubungqimba bomhlaba, ukuba ububanzi bentshukumo bufutshane kunama-ps 35, akukho nto ihamba ngayo. Oku kuphelisa ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo. Iipulsi kwimodi ye-femtosecond zenza imiphumo engabonakaliyo engabonakaliyo kwi-longuear and does not heat the space surrounding, okwenza kube lula ukusebenza ngaphandle komonakalo omkhulu okanye ukuphazamiseka kweendawo ezikufutshane. Ukongezelela, imingxuma inokunqunyulwa ngobungakanani obunzulu obunzulu-kuya-ububanzi - umzekelo, ngokukhawuleza (ngaphakathi kwee-millisecond ezimbalwa) ukwenza imingxuma encinci kwi-1-mm engenasipuni ensimbi usebenzisa i-800-fs impts kwi-1 MHz.

Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba ukuvelisa izinto eziselubala umphezulu kakubi, umz, iliso yabantu. Ukusika kwanasephepheni iliso microsurgery, pulses femtosecond vysokoaperturnym lens esinzulu kujoliswe kwindawo ngaphantsi komhlaba iliso ngaphandle ebangela nawuphi na umonakalo phezu kwamanzi, kodwa iliso ngokutshabalalisa umbandela phezu kubunzulu kolawulo. Umphezulu kakuhle inwebu, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ukuze umbono ayitshintshanga. Le caba abazahlulayo ukusuka ezantsi, ngoko kuncothulwa iveze laser bokwakha se excimer. Ezinye izicelo zonyango ziquka utyando umthondo nzulu kwi dermatology, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezithile enombala namathelwano Itomography.

laser femtosecond

laser Femtosecond isayensi kusetyenziselwa ukwakha i-laser breakdown spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy enesisombululo zezomzuzwana, kwaye kananjalo nezinto zophando jikelele. Ukongeza, ukuba ziyafuneka ukwenzela ukuvelisa femtosecond ikama frequency efunekayo semetroloji kunye nezifundo ngokubanzi. Enye izicelo yokwenene kwixesha elifutshane iya kuba atomic le GPS satellites isizukulwana esitsha, nto leyo eza kwandisa ukuchana positioning.

sokuquqa ifayibha laser olulodwa lwenziwa nge linewidth ecacicleyo engaphantsi kwe-1 kHz. Esi sixhobo lequla amandla imveliso radiation elincinane 10 MW 1w. Ufumana isicelo endle woqhakamshelwano, semetroloji (umz; xa gyroscopes ifayibha) kunye spectroscopy.

Yintoni elandelayo?

Ke ezinye izicelo uphando, kusenjalo eninzi kubo ukufunda. Umzekelo, ubunjineli emkhosini, enokusetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo, nto leyo sikuko Edibanisa imiqadi ifayibha-laser ukufumana umqadi eliphezulu usebenzisa udibaniso ecacileyo okanye ecacicleyo. Ngenxa yoko, amandla okungakumbi yakufumana umqadi enye indlela.

Ukuveliswa laser ifayibha likhula ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi ukuba iimfuno zamashishini ngomatshini. Kwakhona, kukho indawo lwezixhobo ifayibha non-ezinezikhondo. Ukongeza nezenyuselo kwexabiso kunye nokusebenza, kukho kunokusebenzisa laser femtosecond kunye nemithombo supercontinuum. laser ifayibha nokuhlala yayigcinwa ngakumbi kwaye abe ngumthombo yophuculo ukuba ezinye iindidi ze laser.