Yintoni umhlaza uqhoqhoqho? Iimpawu, unyango lomhlaza uqhoqhoqho

yamathumba Umhlaza kwi uqhoqhoqho azenzeki rhoqo kakhulu. Ngokusisiseko, baye bafunyaniswa bene kumadoda kweminyaka 40-60 ubudala. Kwabasetyhini, umhlaza uqhoqhoqho lwenzeka alufane. Xa abantwana, nangezilonda kwi uqhoqhoqho ngo-90% yamatyala ingozi.

Uqhoqhoqho. Isakhiwo nenkcazo

Okokuqala, ukuze siqonde ukuba yintoni na busengozini, kubalulekile ukuqonda oko uqhoqhoqho ngokwayo. Le tube, ubude ogama umalunga 11 cm kunye ubudeki -. Ukuqalisa-3 cm uqhoqhoqho ngaphantsi kwingqula umzimba ngakumbi kwentamo uvikivwa. Lower phantsi uqhoqhoqho yohlulwe ngemibhobho-2 kunye negama bronchi.

Xa isakhiwo uqhoqhoqho - yi 18-22 amakhonkco zamafu cartilaginous. Inxalenye isibuko umsesane ehlanganiswa izihlunu kunye zomzimba nokuqina. Ipali ngaphakathi isifo noqhoqhoqho. uqhoqhoqho Inspiratory uyakhula kuba elide expiratory - uthatha isigqibo njengesiqhelo.

Ubungakanani tracheal umntwana mncinci kakhulu. Iqala kunye iisentimitha ezine, yaye njengoko bekhula buyanda.

iintlobo yamathumba

Neoplasms kungaba ingozi. ke ixhaphake kakhulu ezi zilandelayo:

1. Chondroma. Oku maqhuqhuva eziluqilima semakhonkcweni cartilaginous le noqhoqhoqho. Isiza uqhelekileyo eyendawo - kwingqula.
2. Hemangioma. Isakhiwo-up ngokugqithiseleyo kuphuhliswa inyama capillary.
3. Papilloma. Neoplasms, wamqumbisa yi-Human papilloma Virus. Ngokutsho ziyindawo cauliflower. Ingxaki kakhulu ezixhaphakileyo yenzeka ebuntwaneni.

Ethetha iingxaki isixokelelwano sokuphefumla, amaxesha amaninzi bacinga zomhlaza wemiphunga. Uqhoqhoqho Oncology kuchaphazela ngaphantsi. kukho amaninzi banesifo alandelayo iintlobo yamathumba:

1. Tsilindroma. ukwanda elibulalayo weeseli epithelial kwamadlala yangaphakathi. The main ubunzima - utyekelo ukuba ibuye kwaye Ukudlulela. Lo mhlaza tracheal kuphuhlisa kakhulu kancinci. Esi sigulane asikwazi ukuphila nethumba malunga 5 iminyaka. matyala kunye ikhondo elide kwesi sifo zirekhodwe.
2. cell carcinoma carcinomas. Ithumba ikhulela iindonga tracheal osecaleni okanye ngomva. Umhlaza tracheal sifo e-50% amatyala ibhekisa kolu hlobo. Kukho sifuze ngesondo. Izigulane ezininzi rhoqo - amadoda amadala ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40. okulindeleke ngaphandle unyango - iminyaka 1-2.
3. Sarcoma. Amaninzi uqala kwindawo le bifurcation le noqhoqhoqho. Kunzima ukuba unesifo, abaninzi kuxhomekeka kwi zigaba kamva.

Ukususela ezinezigulo mid eziqhelekileyo yaye kunqabile kwenzeka carcinoid, reticulosarcoma, neurofibromas, limfogranulimatoz kunye nabanye.

mandundu

Kukho iqela lemiba engabangela umhlaza noqhoqhoqho. Iimpawu zezi zifo musa ukukhangela ukusongela, kodwa kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo evela kwezonyango. Umzekelo, ngenxa ukudumba eqhelekileyo Inokwenzeka loloyiko, ebangela valiweyo (stenosis) of the noqhoqhoqho. Ukuba ixesha akuthethi enze endoscopy, ukuze umhlaza.

Kwezinye izigulane, nejelo yokudibanisa uqhoqhoqho kunye kuvuleke iminxunya, kukhulise gesiqhelo. Ngenxa yoko, kukho fistula, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki emiphungeni kunye noqhoqhoqho. Kananjalo into olusemngciphekweni imizimba angaphandle oluwe noqhoqhoqho.

umhlaza tracheal ukuze aphuhlise ngenxa ukuthamba kwithishyu. Oku kubizwa tracheomalacia. Le ngezifo amaninzi libekisa iintlobo iziphene, yaye ufuna esweni rhoqo. Abadala abaphethwe izihlunu elithambileyo uqhoqhoqho ngenxa ukutshaya ixesha elide.

Yokuba akwamkelekanga ngoyaba ikliphu noqhoqhoqho. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla, kudaleke uphuhliso somhlaza. Ukuphelisa umba ingozi yenziwa stenting.

Iimpawu inkqubo zomhlaza

Umhlaza uqhoqhoqho, iimpawu kunye nezimpawu kusenokuba nzima kakhulu kwi zigaba okuqala, kwaye nenkangeleko efanayo eyahlukileyo. imiqondiso eqhelekileyo umhlaza zibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• lobushushu utsiba;
• ngequbuliso komzimba;
• ukuphazamiseka emnyama;
• nokudinwa;
• ukulahleka umdla ebomini.

iimpawu zendawo

Ngokukodwa, wabonakala balapho ekuthiwa-, enika umhlaza uqhoqhoqho - iimpawu, ebonisa ukuba esi sifo iphuhlisa kweenyanga ngaphezulu kwe-8:

1. Imbonakalo-bamba umphefumlo. Olu phawu lubonisa ukuba kukho imfundo, ukuvala le mithambo le noqhoqhoqho.
2. State of ukutsarhwa. Senzeka kwindawo lisalele, lo gama kokuphumla okanye nilele. Oku kukhokelela kwinto yokuba isigulane uziva ukhululekile ehleli nje.
3. ukhohlokhohlo Strong owomileyo. Uphawu ubonakala wabona yomoya okanye isifuba, kodwa akaphenduli kunyango. Isikhohlela kubi xa ukutshintsha omzimba.
4. Yesikhohlela kunye ivumba. Uphawu kamva sigaba, eziphawula ekuweni nethumba.
5. Kunzima ukuginya. Amaza malunga yimbonakalo ithumba phezu kodonga elingasemva noqhoqhoqho. Neoplasm lihlasela kuvuleke iminxunya, iyalibala ukutya.
6. utshintsho Voice. Hoarseness kunye hoarseness zibonisa ezachaphazela luvo nezolo.
7. Ingxolo xa uphefumla. Kubonakala kwi Tsalani okanye nokukhupha umphefumlo.
8. kunzima uphefumlayo. Ekuqaleni kwenkqubo, uqhoqhoqho uyakwazi ukwandisa ukuba uphefumlela ngaphakathi, kodwa nobunzima. Ngophuhliso umhlaza - ubunzima sikhatshwa ingumphunga kuphela, kodwa umoya.

Nganye kwezi mpawu ingaba kubonisa ngugqirha, ngoko ke kufuneka kuchazwe uxilongo.

izigaba zomhlaza

Inyathelo umhlaza tracheal, kwakunye nezinye iinkqubo oncological azimisele ngokusekwa kubukhulu yamathumba, ubukho Ukudlulela, uhlobo lomonakalo kwithishyu. Total bahlule izigaba 4:

1. isayizi Ithumba ku-3 cm. Akukho Ukudlulela.
2. Ithumba akhule ukuya ku-6 cm. Yinto Ukudlulela ukuba iindawo nkovu ekufutshane.
3. Neoplasm kakhulu kwe-6 cm. Ithumba ibangela utshintsho emzimbeni ezingqongileyo. Kukhona metastases.
4. Ithumba ikhula engalawulekiyo ngaphandle komzimba. Kukho metastases ezininzi banokuchaphazeleka amalungu ezikude ukusuka kwindawo ephambili.

Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala umhlaza tracheal (umfanekiso) ayikhangeleki njengabaya kakhulu. Le mfundo kangako okanye eziguqula, apho kungachaphazeleka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Eli nqanaba eliphezulu yophuhliso, kuba nzima ukunyanga ithumba. Kungenxa yoko le nto iimpawu yamathumba, kufuneka ngoko nangoko afune iingcebiso aze asincede. Xa inyathelo yesine ukugcina isigulana phantse akunakwenzeka.

unyango

iinketho unyango lomhlaza uqhoqhoqho zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ugqirha kufuneka amisele uhlobo nethumba, ukuchonga ubungakanani bayo, ukuba imiselwe inqanaba lophuhliso. Kwakhona uthathe ingqalelo ubudala yesigulane, kunye nobume bempilo yakhe ukuchonga Oncology. Ekuchongeni nangezilonda, zombini ukhetho okubulalayo ebubonisayo unyango kangangoko ingqalelo kokususa. Iyasebenza kule ngxelo ukuba nangezilonda, ubukhulu leyo ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha ubungakanani noqhoqhoqho. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, emva kotyando, iqhekeza ashiyiweyo ze uqhoqhoqho lancipha.

Unyango lomhlaza uqhoqhoqho kwezonyango iziphumo olusebenzayo musa ukumnika. Kwiimeko esingasebenziyo, a ichemotherapy kunye carboplatin okanye supplement vvide nedaplatin nangokuvela ngaxeshanye ukuze kwimitha. amatyala manqapha ukuvumela brachytherapy kuphela.

Ukuba awukwazi ukususa ithumba, emigudwini ukwandisa ityhubhu ngumntu lifakwa noqhoqhoqho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba trahiobronhialny stent yomoya.

Indlela ukuxilonga

Kaninzi, izigulane bakholelwa ukuba uye kugqirha kunye abandayo babezilazila, iphika okanye asthma. Ukuba ugqirha isizathu bathandabuze imeko yesigulane, ukuba ibanike uhlolo olongezelelweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo le nkqubo ilandelayo:

1. Laryngoscopy, eyenza kube lula ukufumanisa ngentlama kwi uqhoqhoqho eliphezulu.
2. Uqhoqhoqho, kwenza nge liqatywe encinane ukuhlola imeko lwangaphakathi noqhoqhoqho.
3. -X-reyi kunye koko, ukujonga indawo nethumba.
4. Biopsy, equka ekufumaneni isampuli ithumba inyama ngenxa histology kunye cytology.

Kuba ukuxilongwa kakhulu ekuqhubeni MRI okanye CT.

Uthintelo zomhlaza uqhoqhoqho

Ukuthintela nayiphi na isifo kulula kunokunyanga yayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu kufuneka bazazi lobukho nokungabikho HPV emzimbeni, wayethetha papilloma virus yabantu, nto leyo eye ingozi ukonakala kwinkqubo oncologic. Ngaphezu koko, kungakuhle ukuba ukuyeka ngabom icuba, ingakumbi emva kweminyaka emashumi mane, xa umzimba uyiphendula impembelelo lwangaphandle. Ukutshaya contraindicated ngokupheleleyo kubantu abathe baba ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Uthintelo Zintle yamathumba angendawo weentshukumo zomzimba, ehamba, imithwalo rhoqo ngaphandle kwesidingo, isondlo esifanelekileyo kunye nentlonipho indlela ezithile zobomi.

Akudingeki ukuba bulali kunye nokuthintela bronchitis kunye sombefu. Kwangexesha ukubona nokunyanga izifo zemiphunga. Kanye ngonyaka, umntu ngamnye kufuneka athathe utyelelo azizithintelo kugqirha, owathi kwiimeko izifo kukrokrelwa, ngqo ingcali efanelekileyo.

uqikelelo medical

Ukuze wenze sase- ekuphulukenwe, ugqirha kufuneka athathe ingqalelo izinto ezininzi. Kuhlolwa isakhiwo histological ye ukuyilwa, izinga occlusion le mithambo ye uqhoqhoqho, utyekelo ibuye, ezisebenzayo. Nangona isibakala sokuba umhlaza uqhoqhoqho kuyingozi kakhulu, kunye nonyango ngexesha ukuchacha kunokwenzeka.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na urhano zomhlaza uqhoqhoqho, iimpawu yesigulane, imiqondiso, kufuneka ukuba aqwalaselwe. Isigulane kufuneka umana, emva koko ugqirha ungenza ukuxilongwa nokwenza kunyango kuyimfuneko. Musa ukulibala ukuba unyango kwangoko kwesi sifo ngempumelelo ngakumbi.