Yintoni parasitism? Umahluko kunye nokufana kunye parasitism Uburhamncwa

Eli nqaku lichaza into parasitism, ziziphi iindlela zayo. Ukongeza, le umba iimfano neeyantlukwano lo mba nge Uburhamncwa.

impilo

Ubomi emhlabeni yethu kukho malunga eziibhiliyoni ezi-4 iminyaka. Kwaye ngeli xesha ikwazile ukuba ukuvela, ngokwanda, unyamalale inani enkulu iintlobo. Kwaye mhlawumbi le nkqubo iza kuqhuba. Ngaphandle koku, naluphi na uhlobo lobomi, nkqu kakhulu elula nezincinci, akumangalisi kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo umbono zenzululwazi. Noko ke, njengokuba ezinye iintlobo ngeentlobo khona. Omnye wabo - parasitism. Le meko kakhulu kwandile. Ngoko ke yintoni na parasitism, yintoni uhlobo kuthatha, ziziphi iimpawu zayo? Kule siya eminye.

definition

Parasitism - yenye iintlobo eziphambili co-kubukho eziphilayo. Ngokungafaniyo nabanye, kuba kubhaliwe luphawulwa into yokuba abantu ababini okanye ngaphezulu kunabahleliyo abangenazo uqhagamshelwano yemfuza phakathi ngokubanzi ke owahlukeneyo, ukuphila kunye ixesha elide, kodwa abachasi. Olu hlobo ubudlelwane phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo. Enye yazo sisidleleli. Isebenzisa omnye (host) njengomthombo wamandla. Ngelo xesha yasiveza phezu kwayo yonke okanye inxalenye ubudlelwane kunye yokuhlala engqongileyo. Ngoku siyazi ukuba eli parasitism.

Xa sincokola ngayo amaqela oluntu nazo olu hlobo ukuphilisana, ukuba zahlukahlukene kakhulu: izilwanyana, lenyama, nomngundo, iintsholongwane. Njengoko umthetho, isenzo komzimba ye sisidleleli idla subordinated umniniyo. Waza umjikelo wobomi nokukotshwa zixhomekeke kakhulu xa kufunyenwe amanyathelo ayimfuneko ezi izibonelelo zebhayoloji. Ukuba sithethe iqondo parasitism, i elide umzimba ikhona ngeendleko zomnini, singasathethi ngenxa ebangela umonakalo ukuya yokugqibela. Ixhoba njalo akufundisayo. Yintoni parasitism, ngoku siyazi. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi kodwa ntlobo zalo eziphambili.

imilo

Xa sithetha ngento zikhona iindlela le meko, nobona zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Zilwanyana bantu bafana nezilwanyana zasendle, kunye nemifuno. Bona azakubalulwa yokuba izibonelelo kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa imithombo eyahlukeneyo: abameli izilwanyana kunye nezityalo, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Tyala ngokutsho yokuhlela esemthethweni sidla ngokuba fitoparazitami. Bavame ngaphezu kwabo amakhowa ezincinane, omnye kancinane - iintsholongwane. Ngoku cinga iintlobo parasitism. Kukho iindidi ezimbini kuphela.

zibizwa-ekuthiwa Kukho ectoparasitism kunye endoparasitism. Kwimeko yokuqala, isidalwa uphila ngaphandle komkhosi yayo kwaye edibene ngandlela na ulusu lwakhe, okanye ezinye iziciko. Owona mzekelo umxhelo - amangolwane okanye iintakumba. Kwaye bobabini kubo ayimfuneko ukuze ubomi babantu okanye izilwanyana. Babonisele okanye iinwele, okanye udla esikhumbeni.

Kwimeko endoparasitism, umzimba uhlala ngaphakathi ntle, nto leyo enika kuye zonke izibonelelo eziyimfuneko ezizikhulelayo. Iifom ezinjalo ziquka lenyama, olwaye lwamfimfitha ntshulube kunye nabanye. Isimanga, kodwa ke uhlobo sesibini - ubomi ngaphakathi umkhosi - lo ectoparasitism kuxhaphake kakhulu. Ngokutsho zebhayoloji, oku kungenxa yokuba esi simiyo ngaphakathi kulula kwaye lula ukufumana kuba Inkathazo nzima kakhulu. Kwathiwa nakhandiweyo ngempazamo, hayi smahnosh njengoko lokukorekisha enye okanye intakumba.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, loo maphalo ezihlala ngaphakathi umkhosi, sebenzisa iindlela ukusasazwa kwisixando sokwenziwa. Umzekelo, i-imibungu bandlala ingca, ize ke kunye utyani isilwanyana sisitya, kwaye ngaphakathi kwabo kuleyo. A ectoparasites ukuze zinikwe usebenzisa iindlela ezisebenzayo. Kukho kwakhona izinambuzane necrotrophy. Ahluke bakufikise ukufa emotweni ngenxa yokungabikho kwezondlo. Okanye afe ngenxa izinto eziyityhefu ezintweni izinambuzane ezonakalisa ubomi babo.

Sverhparazity

Sverhparazitov ukuze igama ngesizathu esihle. iimpawu yawo hayi ngobukhulu okanye ukuhanjiswa iindlela. Into kukuba ikutyela, ezifana wena. Like isidalwa uhlala kwi ngeendleko isisifo, wahlala isilwanyana. Ibizwa ngokuba sisidleleli uhlobo yesibini. Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, ungafumana le umyalelo 'osileyo "kwesesithathu nakwesesine isizukulwana!

Izilwane kunye parasitism

Ukwahlula ngokutsho yokuhlela phakathi uburhamncwa esulungekileyo kunye parasitism na impikiswano. Yaye ngokufuthi kubangela ukudideka. Ngamanye amaxesha, phantsi le nkcazelo kuthetha nayiphi na omzimba utyayo olunye, kunye dini. Ngamafutshane, oko lulwahlulo amakhalane kunye nomkhosi. Kodwa thina zama ukuqonda oko.

Njengoko kunjalo kunye uburhamncwa yezilwanyana zoqobo, umonakalo ekutyeni nasemakhalaneni isakhiwo sangaphandle okanye angaphakathi host eziphilayo. Ahluke intrusion kuphela injongo engamenywanga. Ukuba sicinga iimfano neeyantlukwano uburhamncwa kunye parasitism, lo kwezinambuzane ubomi bakhe, njengoko umthetho, aphile kwinginginya efanayo. Akanamdla ekufeni kwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko kunjalo. Ezinye iintlobo lweentshulube abahlala ngaphakathi nangona, kodwa injongo yayo liqwenga kwabo ixhoba. Ngokomzekelo, ngoko yenzani izinto ezidla ezinye Diptera.

Kwakhona eyaziwa kwinzululwazi, ezinye izilwanyana zizidibanise ubomi obusekelwe ekumfimfitheni ezizingelayo. Ezi mpawu ziye bugs reduviidae usapho. Bangayidlayo njengezinye izinambuzane, ngokunjalo ngegazi lesilwanyana ezinegazi elishushu yabantu okanye ezinye.

Yintoni ukufana phakathi uburhamncwa kunye parasitism?

Ngokuba konke umahluko yayo, ukufana, Kakade ke, akukho nto. Ezidala, kunye amarhamncwa bephila ngeendleko abanye. Isanda kugqitha kuyo kwenziwa rhoqo uyaqhubeka lo ukuzingela. Ngoko ke ukwenza iingonyama, amahlosi, izingwe, njalo-njalo. Abanye, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo encinane, ukuba badle ngenyameko, esigxininisa cwaka.