Yintoni na le nkampani karhulumente-: iimpawu, iinzuzo. ezinkulu iinkampani zikarhulumente-eRashiya: Uluhlu, Ratings

Noqoqosho naliphi na ilizwe isekelwe phezu kuphuhliso lwamashishini ezahlukahlukeneyo ngeentlawulo yerhafu yabo namali eli lizwe akhiwa ngenxa a encomekayo. Ubukho imali ngamandla, ke, - ngundoqo ephilileyo ngempumelelo, isiqinisekiso yokhuseleko, ingqibelelo kweli lizwe, uphuhliso yayo izinzile. Enye mithombo iphambili yengeniso ngamaxesha onke kumazwe ayejongwa iinkampani zikarhulumente, uluhlu apho kuxoxwa ngokweenkcukacha nawe kweli nqaku. Ezi nkampani ukudlala indima ebonakalayo kuqoqosho lwesizwe, kwaye maxa wambi bade babe indawo ephambili injongo yaso.

Ukumisela imeko inkampani

La maziko zemali inokuba nomahluko kakhulu ngayo imisebenzi yabo, kodwa ngokubanzi, zifana ezithile. Ngenxa yoko, le nkampani zikarhulumente - intlangano leyo ibe naluphi na uhlobo lombutho-lomthetho. Ngaphezu koko, impahla yayo eyakhiwe ngurhulumente, nokuba ngqo okanye umasipala. Abaphathi beqeshwa kwizithuba zabo (abaqeshwe on contract) karhulumente nabasemagunyeni. Kubalulekile ukuphawula inyaniso ilandelayo: inkampani karhulumente ukuba kusoloko ekhokelwa nje kuphela ukukhangelwa imithombo inkulu imali, kodwa izama ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoluntu, njengoko igama ngokwayo ichaza mbutho uthi urhulumente lilungu esisiseko omele indima creator nomthengi.

Amalungiselelo main

Nayiphi na inkampani karhulumente-:

• Kunyanzelekileyo ukuba itywina apho uboniswa kaRhulumente ngumfuziselo Russian Federation. Kwakhona, i-print kufuneka libhalwe kunye igama elipheleleyo lombutho.
• It has akhawunti ezivulekileyo kunye Federal Treasury kunye nelungelo ukuvula akhawunti zangoku kwimigangatho okanye amanye amaziko amatyala kwiintlobo ngeentlobo kwiintengiselwano zezimali.
• It alinayo nayiphi na miqobo ixesha imisebenzi yayo.
• Onyanzelekileyo ukuba ukupapasha iingxelo eneenkcukacha imisebenzi yabo ngaphantsi komthetho.
• It unelungelo asebenza ngenjongo owamkela imali evela umsebenzi olusetyenziselwe wona zadalwa. Emva kokuba intlawulo zonke iimali kunye irhafu kuyimfuneko ngokomthetho onxulumene noku, iNkampani anako ukusebenzisa izinto zokufunda eseleyo kuthetha ukuphumeza iinjongo ezichazwe yi ngumthetho Federal.
• It akanyanzelekanga ukuba ukuhlangabezana nezibophelelo athathwe yi-Russian Federation. Ngenxa yoko, i-Russian Federation akanguye unobangela namatyala yenkampani.

amalungelo

inkampani-kaRhulumente phantsi nemithetho:

• Vula ofisi lwabo olongezelelweyo nokudala amasebe ezahlukeneyo.
• Yiba ilungu imibutho kunye neminye imibutho.
• Ngena izivumelwano ezingokomthetho.
• Yiba iisimboli zabo (pennants, seeflegi, swifanekiselo, kunye nezinye iimpawu) kwaye ukuze kulawulwe inkqubo lokuba afakwe kwaye usebenzise kwizibonelelo zazo kunye nezithuthi.

Okulungileyo ukuba umqeshwa

Amaxesha amaninzi inkampani karhulumente, apho iinzuzo zidweliswe ngezantsi, akanako ukunikela imivuzo ephezulu kwiyunithi yayo abasebenzi (ngaphandle ungenza kuphela abaphathi abaphezulu). Ngelo umsebenzi ngexesha elifanayo kwi mbutho uya kuba ngokukhethekileyo chotkom ngokungqinelana ne-Code Labour. Kwelinye icala, oku kuya kuthetha ukuba umntu avareji, ukuba:

• Oku nakanjani ukufumana ukungena yakho yomsebenzi. Kwakhona ne ngokwemvumelwano yengqesho iza kutyobelwa nakanjani.
• Kunye imivuzo uya rhoqo zigcinwe zonke iirhafu kunye nemirhumo yogunyaziso le mali karhulumente, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kuza kubakho izikhalazo ezivela kwiofisi yerhafu.
• Yena uya kufaneleka ukuba zekhefu ngonyaka, ikhefu lokuya kubeleka, ikhefu lokugula.
• Aliyi agxothwe ngaphandle ukuthobela yonke imimiselo zomthetho kunye neemfuno (kodityaniso yokuqala, intlawulo yokuqhawula inkonzo iintlawulo, njalo njalo).
• ngosuku Ukusebenza ziya nganye ezinga malungu abantu, iza kubonelela intlawulo ngenxa yomsebenzi wangotshayile ne weekend umsebenzi ngokuhambelana nomthetho.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba inkampani karhulumente ngenxa abafuna umsebenzi ubeka iimfuno zingqongqo kubudala, ngaphezu naliphi na iziko labucala. Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi kubantu iminyaka emashumi mane, leyo ngemilinganiselo yanamhlanje basemngciphekweni ngokwemiqathango yengqesho.

trends Western

In amaninzi amazwe yobungxowankulu kwenxalenye yasentshona yehlabathi ixesha elithile kukho inkalo uphawu wesitali, elolu hlobo lulandelayo: Abantu abatsha ekuqaleni ukwakha imisebenzi yabo nokuqinisekisa wena nesiseko izinto elungileyo ngekamva mveliso abucala kunye nosomashishini. Emva koko, malunga kweminyaka engama-40-45, betshintsha imisebenzi aye iinkampani zikarhulumente, imisebenzi leyo, nayo, avumele umntu ukuba baphumle noko, ngenxa yokuba kwimibutho efana osebenza ngaphantsi amandla kunye nemali yomhlala phantsi eninzi kunye nokhuseleko loluntu, apho kakuhle echaphazela umgangatho kunye nexesha wobomi. Ukongezelela, iinkampani zikarhulumente-kunqabile wabeka iintengiso umsebenzi wabo ehlabathini enkulu kwi Internet, nokubambisana i ngokufuthi kakhulu ngokusondeleyo ukutshintshiselana yabasebenzi ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo zikamasipala.

imithetho indalo

Ukudala yinkampani karhulumente-kulawulwa ngumthetho. Kule meko, qiniseka ukuba ibe kwibhodi yabalawuli (Ibhodi abaziisuphavayiza) lenkampani (zombini - umzimba ephakamileyo ebhodini).

Iqumrhu ekulawuleni bombutho ungayilungisa le miba ilandelayo:

• Vumela iprogram yemiboniso ixesha elide. Olu xwebhu kufuneka zibandakanya ukuphunyezwa imveliso, zemali, ukusebenza utyalo-mali, ukuba imiswe ngumthetho federal.
• Ngokubanga umgaqo abasebenzi wage, ekufuneka kubonelelwa ukuxhomekeka yenqanaba lomvuzo le nto zingaphunyelelwanga iziphawuli yokusebenza engundoqo.
• Ukumisela ukusetyenziswa ngengeniso yenkampani.
• Isigqibo kotshintshelo lwepropati eziphathekayo lombutho ebuncwaneni imeko Russian Federation.

Njengoko umzimba ephakamileyo uzakuba amandla ukwenza iikomiti ezizodwa kunye komishini ukujongana nemiba eyahlukeneyo. Iinkqubo zokusebenza kwezakhiwo zisungulwe kunye nokwakhiwa zazo zobuqu kunye neenkcukacha zamanani emiselwe sisigqibo eyahlukileyo seBhodi okugada.

iinkampani-kaRhulumente kwezoqoqosho

iinkampani Russian karhulumente kufuneka izikhundla phambili kwiindawo ezininzi lwamacandelo Federation kwezoqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amacandelo apho ubukho amaziko karhulumente lisezantsi kakhulu (umzekelo, imigodi yamalahle, ukukhanya kunye namashishini ukutya).

Kuphela 9% bobabo izakhiwo zikarhulumente imveliso iimveliso ezinxilisayo. Oku wabulela kuphela ukuba i "Tatspirtprom" yaye "Bashspirt".

Efanayo nani low ngokwaneleyo - 9% - okufana kwiinkampani karhulumente kunye zokwakha.

Ifuthe karhulumente Ukungena kwi Intlama nePhepha Imboni malunga ne-12%. Ingeniso kuphela yinkampani enye karhulumente enikela kuNondyebo - Federal State qela liphikisayo Enterprise "Gosznak". Eyona asethi efanayo kule ndawo iminyaka emininzi eziphantsi ziinkampani zabucala kunye mveliso.

Kwicandelo lothungelwano iphenjelelwa ngurhulumente-14% kuphela. Umbutho esikhulu apha "Rostelecom". Aprili 1, 2011 incamathele kuyo kwakukho iinkampani ezisibhozo lengingqi "Svyazinvest" kunye inani lamashishini qela liphikisayo karhulumente federal.

inxaxheba State ekuvelisweni iimoto, trailer semi-ezirhuqwayo yi-17%, kwaye xa kwakudalwa kwezixhobo noomatshini - 15%.

isikhundla kakhulu buthathaka yempembelelo karhulumente nezokukhupha ores zesinyithi ezahlukeneyo yokunyibilikisa isinyithi. Apha, iinkampani zikarhulumente-kuba% 3 kuphela yokunyibilikisa isinyithi non-ayoni. Ngelo xesha linye kushishino sobhedu ephethwe ngokupheleleyo ngabantu zabucala.

Oil. Eli lizwe ulawula-23% ye shishino. ulawulo karhulumente kungenxa iiasethi "Rosneft" yaye "Gazprom Neft".

amandla ombane fanele ukuba izakhiwo zikarhulumente nge-35%. The main share kwingingqi eMoscow ( "Mosenergo" MOESK) kunye nesakhiwo federal.

Sisazi ukuba urhulumente anazo ngaphezu kwesiqingatha "Gazprom" izabelo, ulawulo kushishino esisi lizwe yi-48%.

57% - oko kukuthi indlela bobabo iinkampani zikarhulumente ekuvelisweni iimpahla ezahlukeneyo, isithuba kunye moya. indawo karhulumente kukuba womelele kakhulu Ufa Engine Industrial Association, Helicopter Kazan yeziTyalo, i mveliso moya kwi Ulan-Ude, i-United imikhumbi Company.

Impembelelo enamandla leenkampani ezinkulu zikarhulumente-ezi kushishino zokuhamba - 73%. Apha uze bakwaloliwe kuqala, oyile negesi imibhobho. zothutho ngololiwe ilawulwa JSC "Railways Russian", ezizequmrhu ngokupheleleyo ngurhulumente. Uluhlu lwemibhobho phantsi kwe "Transneft" umnqongo wolawulo, kunye lwemibhobho yegesi -. "Gazprom"

bodwa wendlela

State Inkampani "Emikhulu Russian" wadalelwa kwaye isebenza kuphela ngenjongo imisebenzi umxumi esenza inkqubo ukuyilwa, ukwakhiwa, ngokutsha, ukulungisa kunye nokugcina iindlela. Le nkampani kwakhona benza lombutho yezithuthi (kubandakanywa ulawulo ukuhamba kwezithuthi), ukuqinisekisa umgangatho eyimfuneko inkonzo (speed, intuthuzelo, ukhuseleko), intlawulo yokusetyenziswa kweendlela ezihlawulelwayo, ulawula ubonelelo ukhuseleko ezindleleni, ivavanye iimpawu yokusebenza isithuthi kweendlela . Ukongeza, i-arhente karhulumente enikezela kokubonisana, ubunjineli kunye nezinye iinkonzo ngokomda zazo ezibizwa msebenzi. Phakathi imisebenzi yawo ziquka ukushicilela ejoliswe ekudalweni Atlas zeendlela Russian Federation. Le nkampani kukwadala, izixhobo kwaye isebenzisa iindlela ezintsha ukulawula ukuhamba kwezithuthi, igcina iirekhodi rates engozi ezindleleni. Ngelo xesha linye umbutho unelungelo lokungenisa kurhulumente amabhaso abasebenzi bayo, esebenza kwicandelo endleleni.

Yenza yinkampani karhulumente-, kwagqitywa ekubeni July 17, 2009. Isiseko Umsebenzi wayo utyikitywa nguDmitry Medvedev, Federal uMthetho.

Ngo-2014, inkampani karhulumente 'Iindlela Russian "liye lafikelela kwisivumelwano kunye Russian Direct Investment Fund phezu edibeneyo ukutsala abatyali kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo kwisigaba lwezibonelelo zothutho. Esi sivumelwano kuya kwandisa isixa nokwakhiwa kweendlela ezintsha phantsi kolawulo karhulumente kweli lizwe. Le mvumelwano ukuba ukuzoba ukusuka abatyali amazwe phambili hayi ngaphantsi kwe-25% yentlawulo projekthi.

Juni 24, 2016 eBeijing ukuthethana zekhomishini yooRhulumente Russian-Chinese kwintsebenziswano utyalo-mali, nto leyo yayizinyaswe ngusihlalo "Avtodor" Sergei Kelbakh. Isiphumo ntlanganiso lokuvuma uluhlu lweeprojekthi kuqala endleleni. Ngokukodwa, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo yahlawulwa ukwakha indlela "Europe - Western China". Le projekthi iyinxalenye ngumqolo emikhulu-high speed. Kule ukwakhiwa inkampani karhulumente Russian global umabi-lifa, oya kufuneka ukwakha malunga 2.3 ophosa iindlela. Le projekthi ibandakanya ngokwamanqanaba amabini. Ingqalo 567 eekhilomitha-high speed umendo M-11 (Moscow - Saint-Petersburg). Isigaba sesibini - ukusuka Central Ring Road ukuya kumda kunye Republic of Kazakhstan.

AmaFilisti babeziindleko Russian

ezinkulu iinkampani zikarhulumente-eRashiya, Kakade ke, abo mibutho, nto leyo kakhulu ukumisela ubume zoqoqosho lonke eli lizwe. ke ngoko kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu ukuba uqwalasele olu luhlu ezi Titans. Phakathi kwabo bavele:

• "Technologies Russian".
• "Rosatom".
• "RusHydro".
• Federal Grid Company of elimanyeneyo Energy System.
• "Rosneft".
• "Gazprom".
• "Transneft".
• Rao "Energy Systems of the East".
• "Aeroflot".
• "United Aircraft Corporation".
• "Iziporo Russian".
• "Almaz-Antey".
• "United imikhumbi Corporation".
• Corporation "Tactical evuthayo".
• "AvtoVAZ".
• Military Industrial Corporation "Scientific-Production Association ngezobunjineli."
• Irula and Space Corporation "Energia" ogama emva S. P. koroleva.
• Joint Stock Company "ALROSA".
• "Vega".
• Inkxalabo "Ulwandle izixhobo kwamanzi - Gidropribor".
• Centre of imikhumbi kunye zamob yokulungisa Technology.
• "Roskhimzaschita".
• "Uphando neMveliso Corporation" Uralvagonzavod "Dzerzhinsky".
• "Okeanpribor" Inkxalabo.
• "Information Satellite Systems" Academician M. F. Reshetneva.
• United Industrial Corporation "Oboronprom".
• "Microgen".
• Federal State esihlangene Enterprise "Russian Satellite Communications Inkampani".
• FSUE "Mail of Russia".
• Federal State esihlangene Enterprise "Russian umabonakude Radio Broadcasting Network".
• Irkutsk amandla kombane.
• System Operator of the Emanyeneyo Energy System.
• Sheremetyevo International Airport.
• Koltsovo Airport.

Zonke ezi iinkampani ezinkulu Russian zikarhulumente-ziphantsi kolawulo imizimba yesigqeba federal kunye Commission on Technology High kunye Innovation. Oku kwenziwa ngenjongo yokuba uphuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ezintsha zophuhliso.

Le nxalenye inkulu karhulumente

Iinkampani elinganiselwe olunemiqathango karhulumente, engunobangela isabelo likhulu karhulumente, kuya kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. United Aircraft Corporation (Athletic Club). Le nkampani karhulumente iqukiwe kwicandelo obunjineli boomatshini. Urhulumente anawo 93,4% yezabelo. Corporation weza ngowama-2006. Ekuqaleni, bonke 100% ezabelo zibe lilifa arhente zikarhulumente, kodwa ngowama-2009 izabelo zathengiswa kubantu abazimeleyo.
2. "Alrosa" - umlimi inkulu kwedayimani kweli lizwe. Urhulumente anawo 90,9% yezabelo.
3. "Tattelecom". Power elingelilo yinkampani ngqo kwaye ngokuthi kubanjwe "Svyazinvestneftekhim". Kulo mzekelo, ulawulo karhulumente 87,2% ezabelo.
4. "Rosneft" uphantsi close ingqalelo karhulumente. UMbuso ibamba 82% yezabelo.
5. Power Inkampani "YO" kukuba nakwezona nxalenye luxanduva Federal Arhente Property (79.55%).
6. "Transneft". 78,11% kwemali eyinkunzi ekhoyo eligunyazisiweyo - impahla karhulumente.
7. Bank "VTB". "Agency Ulawulo lwePropati Federal" uthenge 75,5% yezabelo.
8. "Kubanenergo" Le nkampani Amandla linoxanduva lokubonelela ngombane kwizibonelelo YeOlimpiki Sochi, woba kurhulumente nge-70%.
9. "RusHydro". Isabelo-Arhente Property Management Federal kwi nkampani kuthetha 60,5%.
10. "Inter Rao". Eli lizwe anawo phantse ama-60% esibondeni.
11. "Aeroflot" - ilungu yinxalenye olunxantathu moya SkyTeam, 51,17% nomtya izabelo kuba kurhulumente.

Xa ndiqukumbela, sinethemba lokuba eli nqaku nangoku unako ukukunceda uqonde ukuba yintoni imeko yemo nkampani namhlanje, yintoni iimpawu zazo eziphambili ezintle yaye yintoni ipesenteji inxaxheba kuphuhliso Russia.