Yintoni na le m-holinoblokatory?

M-holinoblokatory - amachiza eyaziwa ngokwaneleyo. Ezi agents atropinopodobnye ukuvala umsebenzi kwenkqubo parasympathetic luvo, isiphumo yayo phezu amalungu omzimba kunye namadlala. Ngaphezu koko, eli nqaku lichaza iimpembelelo m-anticholinergics, ukubaluleka kwabo amayeza, isenzo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwala machiza.

ngezigaba

M-holinoblokatory yahlulwe ngamaqela ezintathu eziphambili:

1. Lithetha "Atropine" yaye "Scopolamine," ezo sezakhi zendalo.
2. yezabelo zazo semisynthetic ukuba umahluko ukusuka izinto yokuqala, owakhiwa iipropati pharmacokinetic.
3. iikhompawundi Synthetic ukuba ilifa selectivity xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela receptors m-cholinergic.

izakhiwo

Lithetha "Atropine", njengoko sisiyobisi reference, kunokuba nempembelelo emnandi umsebenzi kwenkqubo luvo. Medicament "Scopolamine" Kwakhona iipropati umthomalalisi kwaye lisetyenziswa ukuphazamiseka ze ufakele umlenze, isiyezi kunye nezinye izifo vestibular. Eziqulathwe emacwecweni "Aeron" nje into esebenzayo, umchiza ezisetyenziselwa yokuthintela eHamburg.

Isenzo m-holinoblokatorov "Atropine" yaye "Scopolamine" ezahlukeneyo. Kakhulu ngokucacileyo umahluko yabonakala ukusebenza kwinkqubo luvo. Lithetha "Scopolamine", ngokungafaniyo "atropine" iziyobisi, oku kunempembelelo ngokukhawuleza lomlinganiswa engundoqo nkqu ngeedosi ezincinane. Oku kungenxa permeability ezahlukeneyo njengomqobo ebuchotsheni igazi. Kungenxa kule ubuxoki isizathu sokuba uMnu holinoblokatory equlethe atropine, esetyenziswa rhoqo.

Of yezabelo semisynthetic of sezakhi yemvelo esona sixhobo "Homatropine" yaye "Tropikamid" yaye "methylatropine nitrate", "Ipratropium bromide" yaye "Tiotropium bromide". Onke la mayeza bengenako ndzulu umqobo segazi lobuchopho. Ngu iikhompawundi zokwenziwa kufuneka ibandakanye iqela lesithathu m-holinoblokatory ezifana lithetha "Pirenzepine" (eboniswe isifo sisilonda) kunye 'Tolterodine "(ngumchamo kucetyiswa).

isicelo

M-Anticholinergics (indlela yokusebenza ye ezinye zazo ziza kuchazwa ngezantsi) zisetyenziswa antispasmodics umgangatho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwesisu (kidney, isibindi, isisu) onikelwe xa bronchospasm, ukunciphisa nezihlandlo izishunqulelo entliziyweni. Imithi ekucetyiswa ukuba iimviwo le fundus, iritis unyango kunye iridocyclitis, ukuphazamiseka kwendlela atrio-ventricular Uhanjiso.

Isenzo bachasene m-cholinergic, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubonakala ukunyenyiswa leyo esiswini kunye namathumbu egudileyo kwezihlunu, ukunciphisa secretion unamadlala yokwetyisa. Ngenxa yale ndlela ungasetyenziswa unyango izilonda esiswini kunye duodenum. Iziyobisi nazo zisetyenziswa antidoda holinomimetricheskimi ukunxila kunye namacandelo anticholinesterase.

Impact lithetha "Atropine" CNS

Ngeedosi ukulinganisela, leyo zenza 0.5-1 mg, ichiza nga kuphela ngokwaneleyo ukwandisa ilizwi parasympathetic. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba excitation lamaziko kwi Oblongata Medulla kunye namasebe ayo overlying. Ngokwandisa idosi isigulane sine-karhulumente yimincili, apho kuboniswa ixhala, uhlenga disorder, nemibono. Kakhulu lidle enkulu ukuvelisa isiphumo inhibitory basenokuba isiqaqa kunye nokukhubazeka, ukusilela sentliziyo.

Impact lithetha "Scopolamine" CNS

Eli chiza uyakwazi ekuphembeleleni nempembelelo inhibitory kwi umsebenzi e-nervous system. Oku kuzibonakalisa ukozela, ukudinwa, nokunciphisa inani REM, kunesifo. Ngenxa ukukwazi eyenza imincili kwezinye izigulane kakubi iindlela, kukho ukuxhomekeka. Ngenxa yeziphumo umthomalalisi beziyobisi "Scopolamine" ixesha eza kusetyenziselwa Ukubulawa jikelele. Noko ke kamva kutyhilwa, ukuba iintlungu eziqatha ikwazi, nkqu ngeedosi zonyango kubangele ixhala, nemibono nokuyaluzela. Ebambeleyo ekhankanyiweyo neuron, ichiza kuthintela isifo motion.

Impembelelo ye "Atropine" kwinkqubo yegazi

Isiphumo ephambili ichiza ukutshintsha amaza izishunqulelo entliziyweni. Kuthethwa ikwazi ukuvelisa tachycardia libizwe. Kodwa xa amathamo hayi kuvumelekile kunene, ukuncitshiswa izinga intliziyo kwenzeka okwethutyana kwaye obangela ukutshintsha uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ngaphambili bekucingelwa ukuba oku kubangelwa ukukhuthazwa amaziko ka-luvo vagus. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuba ipropati efanayo ubephethwe uMnu holinoblokatory ukuba musa kusichukumisa umqobo segazi lobuchopho. Lithetha "Atropine" ekwaziyo bradycardia ekunqandeni, nto leyo ibangwa esters of choline kunye acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, zokuma kunye zovuselelo wombane luvo vagus.

Impembelelo ichiza "Scopolamine" kwinkqubo yegazi

Ngeedosi ezincinane, ngu 0.1-0.2 mg, ichiza kwabangela ukwehla kakhulu izinga entliziyweni. Emva ukwandisa umthamo kuqala wabona tachycardia, nto leyo ethatha isiqingatha seyure, okanye indawo bradycardia. elide Enye kuye Belladonna sezakhi, kunye nezinye m-holinoblokatory lubonise ukuba unyango lwesifo Parkinson kaThixo. Iziphumo ezingcono kufikelelwe xa kusetyenziswa xa zidityaniswe ne ichiza "Levodopa". M-holinoblokatory ukufumana isicelo lwabo ukuphazamiseka of extrapyramidal endalo, nto leyo zibangelwa ziziyobisi antipsychotic.