Umbane (12 V) ngezandla zakhe. Unikezelo amandla yesekethe unit 12 Volt

Power ubonelelo 12 volt unikezelo mbane kuya kuvumela phantse nasiphi na isixhobo indlu, kuquka nokuba laptop. Nceda uqaphele ukuba i-laptop ombane ngegalelo volts-19. Kodwa zizakusebenza kakuhle kanye xa ubambe ezinjengeentlambo 12 Noko ke, ngoku ubuninzi 10 Amps. Kuphela abaxabise yokusebenzisa uza kunqabile kakhulu, i-avareji igcinwe 2-4 amps. Enye into yokuqatshelwa - kunye standard replacement umbane ukusebenzisa ekhaya eyenziwe eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi ibhetri akusayi kusebenza. Sekunjalo, lo unikezelo amandla volts 12 ilungele, kwanokuba sixhobo.

Power supply parameters

Ipharamitha ibalulekileyo naluphi na ubonelelo amandla - oko imveliso ombane kunye yangoku. izimiso zazo zixhomekeke enye - ukusuka wire ezisetyenziswa yesibini kwayijikeleza le transformer. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ukuze baqhube njani kukhetho oko kuya kuxoxwa kancinane emva koko. Kuba mna, kufuneka wenze isigqibo injongo apho uceba ukusebenzisa unikezelo amandla volts 12. Ukuba ufuna amandla izixhobo ephantsi-power - omkhulu, ii-LED, njalo njalo, kwanele kwimveliso 2-3 amps. Kwaye oku kuya kuba kakhulu.

Kodwa ukuba uceba ukusebenzisa ngayo ukuphumeza izenzo kakhulu - umzekelo, ukuba ubaqononondise ibhetri emotweni, kuya kufuneka ukuba ukuphuma 6-8 amps. Ukutshaja current kufuneka ibe izihlandlo ezilishumi ngaphantsi kwe umthamo kwebhetri - le mfuneko kufuneka athathe ingqalelo. Ukuba kukho imfuneko ukudibanisa iingcinga, lo ombane unikezelo nto leyo yahluke kakhulu ukusuka Volt 12, kusengqiqweni ukucwangcisa mindzulamiso.

Indlela ukukhetha nesiguquli

Into yokuqala - i Converter ombane. Transformer kunceda yokuguqula AC lombane 220 volts ukuya awo enye, kodwa ke ixabiso lincinane kakhulu. Noko ke, kufuneka kwixabiso elincinane. Kuba kwiiyunithi eliphezulu-amandla njengesiseko singathatha nesiguquli TS-270. Unamandla phezulu, nokuba kukho 4 engathi, leyo imbambano ngenxa volts 6.3 nganye. Basebenzisa wesizalo cleaner ukufudumeza ukutya. Lula kuyo, ungenza i unikezelo amandla 12 Volt 12 Amp, leyo bangakubizi ibhetri emotweni.

Kodwa ukuba awanelisekanga ngokupheleleyo ngokubhijela zawo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukususa zonke izikolo ezizisekondari, eshiya kuphela womnatha. Kwaye ukubamba ezi ngcingo jiko. Ingxaki kukuba ukubala indlela inani elifunekayo amagophe. Kuba oku singakwazi ukusebenzisa ulungiselelo ubalo olulula - ukubala inani engathi iqulathe yesibini siya leyo uvelisa 6.3 volts. Ngoku besizakwahlula 6.3 ngenani amagophe. Kwaye ukufumana ixabiso ombane, nto leyo zisuswe nge ndzhendzheleko enye wire. Kuhleli kuphela ukubala ufuna malini ukuze umoya jiko ukufumana ngamashishini 12.5-13 volts. Bekuya kuba ngcono ukuba imveliso iza kuba 1-2 volts ngaphezu ombane ofunekayo.

production rectifier

Yintoni rectifier, yaye yintoni na ukuba? Esi sixhobo sisekelwe ode semiconductor, nto leyo a transducer. Ngayo, i ifildi ngoku is kuguquka DC. Kuba uhlalutyo rectifier sigaba usebenzisa oscilloscope ngokucacileyo. Ukuba ubona phambi ilight sinusoid emva kwabo kuya kuba umgca phantse tyaba. Kodwa ke iinyama ezincinane lencinibakazi sine baya kuhlala. Lahla kubo emva.

Xa ukhetho ilight mazithathwe sina kakhulu. Ukuba umbane volts 12 isetyenziswa njenge zaryadchika ibhetri, imfuneko yokusebenzisa izinto ixabiso sakhe amperes 10 yangoku umva. Ukuba ufuna ukwenza ephantsi ombane unikezelo lwamandla labathengi, kwanele liya kwakha kwebhulorho. Apha exabisa i stop. Kukhethwa inikwa wesekethe rectifier, eqokelelwe uhlobo kwebhulorho - ode ezine. Ukuba sisebenzisa semiconductor efanayo (isiqingatha-wave yesekethe), ukwanela umbane kuncitshiswa phantse isiqingatha.

ibandla module lokucoca ulwelo

Ke kaloku, xa imveliso sele ombane DC, kuyimfuneko ukuba lo mzobo ibhloko ngamandla volts 12 ngcono. Ukulungiselela le njongo kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa izihluzi. Ukuze amandla esebenza ekhaya ukusebenzisa LC-chain ngokwaneleyo. On oko kuyimfuneko ukuxelela iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu. Ukuba imveliso ezakhayo rectifier isigaba elidityaniswe inductance - umcephe wokunyusa. I yangoku kufuneka kucanda kulo ilizwe begogotyelwe, oku linqanam product yokuqala. Okulandelayo kufika yesibini - i capacitor electrolytic axhotyiselwe enkulu (amawaka aliqela microfarads).

Emva kokuba reactor liqhagamshelene capacitor omhle electrolytic. output lwayo yesibini edityaniswe kwi phantsi (thabatha). Kakuhle eli capacitor electrolytic kukuba kukuvumela ukuba balahle zonke ikhomponenti AC. Khumbula, xa imveliso ye rectifier zaye iingceba igagasi sine? Apha, kuyimfuneko ukuba ayibulale nto, okanye unikezelo amandla 12 Volt 12 Amp uza kuyiphazamisa na izixhobo enxulumene kuyo. Umzekelo, unomathotholo okanye unomathotholo ihlaba buzz olomeleleyo.

Ukuzinziswa ombane yemveliso

Kuba Ukuzinziswa ombane output ungasebenzisa kuphela omnye semiconductor element. Oku kunokuba diode kunye ombane olusebenza volts-12, yaye ngaphezulu uhlobo indibano mihla ephucukileyo LM317, LM7812. Lwakutsha nje eyenzelwe ukuba uzinziso ombane kwi volts 12. Ngoko ke, phantsi komqathango wokuba imveliso rectifier isigaba 15 volts emva uzinziso iya kuba 12. kuphela enkulu iya bushushu. Oku kuthetha ukuba kubalulekile ukuba zifake somfanekiso kwi radiator.

ulawulo ombane 0-12 V

Kuba ukusebenza zecebo kufuneka asebenzise isekethi elula ukuba lingakhiwa kwimizuzu embalwa. Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa LM317 ibandla okhankanywe ngaphambili. Kuphela umahluko ukusuka uzinziso yesekethe imo usuke encinane. Le bekhefu ngocingo, leyo uya thabatha, watshintshela resistor bume 5 ohms. Phakathi ibandla lokuphuma kunye ukumelana resistor variable ifakiwe malunga ne-220 ohms. A phakathi igalelo kunye we somfanekiso umva ukhuseleko ombane - le diode semiconductor. Ngoko ke, lo unikezelo amandla volts 12, izandla eziqokelelweyo, aguqulwa abe isixhobo esimisebenzi mininzi. Ngoku uhlala kuphela ukwenza ibandla layo kunye umlinganiselo kwimibhobho esikalini. Kwaye unako ukwenza imveliso ukubeka voltmeter ngekhompyutha, apho kwaye ubukele ombane yangoku.