Yintoni na constellation Orion? Orion map umlaza. inkcazelo iintsomi

Nesibhakabhaka esimnyama intle kakhulu ehlotyeni. hot zasebusuku ubungakanani bokukhanya phezu ukugwayimba intloko. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amanani zasezulwini, apho kubonakala ngelo xesha abandayo. Ezi ziquka kunye umlaza Orion. Ukuqhuba liquka iinkwenkwezi 209, okubonakala ukuya ngeliso lenyama. Orion Kungumbulelo edumileyo inani elikhulu lezinto isithuba eliqaqambileyo kumafa kwaso distinguishable ngokulula ukusuka emhlabeni. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuba bakubonileyo - ukususela kuNovemba ukuya kuJanuwari.

naphi wabonakala ehlabathini

Yintoni na umlaza zamaKroza, makwazeke phantse bonke abemi umhlaba yethu, ngenxa yokuba livele kuzo zombini zifaka. Oku lula lilungiselelo leenkwenkwezi phantse kumgca we-ikhweyitha yasezulwini.

In namakroza Northern saseNtla Orion na oqaphelekayo ngakumbi ebusika ezinzulwini zobusuku esibhakabhakeni esemazantsi. Ngeli xesha, iinkwenkwezi ezintathu ezenza ibhanti Orion kaThixo , kwaye ibekwe phantse umgca ngokugqibeleleyo ngqo, basondele kumgca elundini ngomhla engile kancinane kuyo. ifomu asinamathinzi acacileyo ezisibhozo imizimba kakuhle zimakishwe. figure waseZulwini ukususela kudala ezinxulumene ne ngokomfanekiso umzingeli Orion ngekrele ebhantini lakhe, iklabhu esandleni enye ikhaka kwezinye.

legend

Constellation Orion abantwana echazwe okokuqala kungekhona izifundo ngeenkwenkwezi, kwaye ngexesha kwamhla kunye kumabali Greece yamandulo. Ngokutsho legend, uTshawe, kamva bafakwa esibhakabhakeni, wayesaziwa lizingela lomfo, ngokuyazi kwakho intliziyo yakhe yahlatywa yi ubuhle nesiLimela - ezi Oophunguphungu yendlu yesithixokazi uArtemis. Orion uzama ukuthetha kubo aziphumelelanga: Oophunguphungu bedidekile wabaleka waza wabiza uncedo umxhasi lwakhe. Artemis wajika Pleiades esixhenxe njengamahobe ukungabi nabuqhinga. Baqale phezulu esibhakabhakeni apho umlaza aqala kungekudala.

Orion ngokukhawuleza bayeke isijwili ngenxa Oophunguphungu kunye wamthanda Merope - intombi yokumkani kwisiqithi Chios Oynopiona. Uyise wacela hero ukwenza feat ifanelwe intombi esandleni sakhe. Noko ke, Orion wagqiba ukwenza ngendlela yayo; wamisa ukuba ngebe Merope. Ukumkani wafunda Hunter yoyilo kunye uphindezela tameke kuye.

ukufa a hero

ixesha Orion elide lihamba lilodwa emhlabeni ekhangela umntu owayeza ukubuyisela emehlweni akhe. Ekugqibeleni, wathabatha yimfesane ngenxa enye Cyclops nazo kwaye kwakhokelela onguHelios. Uthixo ilanga wayekwazi ukwenza uTshawe kwakhona lokubona. Orion, ngaphandle ukucinga kabini, waya uyithandayo yakhe. Xa ukusukela ixhoba lalo, kunye uArtemis waqaphela, wayeyoliswa kakhulu ukuzingela. Kungekudala Orion waba nesithandwa sakhe, kuba oothixokazi umzalwana unxilile - Apollo. Wagqiba kwelokuba bonakalise lizingela. Apollo, Artemis wayesazi neqhayiya kwincoko yambuza ukuchana ukutola layo kunye novavanyo wacebisa ukuba azame zahlasela kwindawo emnyama kude, tshe emanzini olwandle. lula yothixokazi abanyamezela ngayo umsebenzi, engazi ukuba ingongoma ibe intloko Orion, ngubani wagqiba ekubeni athabathe ayithi nkxu.

Kungekudala, Artemis wayesazi ukuba umbulali intanda yakhe. Orion bezilile, wenza isifungo njalo ukhumbule waza wambeka phakathi kweenkwenkwezi. Ngoko wakhanya esibhakabhakeni Orion - le uhlanjwa umlaza. Iimposiso ndithi malunga kwabantu omnye abe ngumfuziselo hero. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, ngethemba lokuba umyeni ubuhle bakhe Merope Ngesibindi ndalwa namarhamncwa eyayisongela abemi besiqithi Chios. Kokoyisa bonke, Noko ke, akazange afumane intombi, yaza yafakwa kwaye wabethwa nguyise wakhe. Emva yokuhlangana onguHelios wambuyisela Orion yamehlo, kodwa emva kwexesha, wayebulewe ngumsindo Artemis - umxhasi ongcwele izilwanyana.

kakuhle uphawu

Ngoko ke, kubonakala ngathi lekroza Orion namhlanje, nto ayibonileyo kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. Le yenye amanani zesibhakabhaka, ifakiwe kule khathalogu "Almagest" Klavdiya Ptolemeya, eyenziwe malunga 140 AD. Ingqalelo enikwa Orion yamandulo ayikho ngengozi; lekroza lizele lweziqalelo eqaqambileyo, zibonakale ngokugqibeleleyo emhlabeni, yaye oku etsala amehlo ukwazi. Abaphengululi Modern kwakhona musa uzakufun aukugqithisa ngapha image wasezulwini. Ezininzi izinto, apho ibekwe apha, yaziwa kakuhle.

I ezimbini iinkwenkwezi ezikhanya kwi lekroza zamaKroza - yi Rigel kunye Betelgeuse. Ekujoliseni kwezi ngongoma zimbini, kulula ukufumana esibhakabhakeni ukumila umzingeli ngokupheleleyo.

alpha Orionis

Betelgeuse in Arabic lithetha "kwekhwapha". igama Star liyichaza ngokucacileyo indawo yayo. indawo Bright obekwe kwi kwekhwapha lasekunene umzingeli. Xa ukukhanya kwalo Betelgeuse elinesihlanu lamawaka amaxesha ngaphezu kwelanga. Imilinganiselo kwenkwenkwezi ngaphezu komzila Mars. Esi supergiant ebomvu, ezahlulwe kuthi kumgama 540-650 ukukhanya-iminyaka. Lukamongameli inkwenkwezi nangokuya variable, ngokuhamba kwexesha ubhobhoyi ezibonwayo. Isithuba zolu tshintsho Betelgeize - ukususela 0.4 ukuya 1.3 ubukhulu, kwaye ithuba esisiseko sihlala kwiminyaka emi-6.

beta Orionis

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba alpha nje Betelgeuse, ayikho ingongoma aqaqambe, eliqulethe umfanekiso umlaza Orion. Rigel (Arabic for "unyawo") sidlula ngulo parameter. Likhanya le nkwenkwezi elanga ngakumbi malunga amaxesha 130.000 umgama ukusuka kuthi apho (njengoko uqikelelo ezahlukeneyo) phakathi kwe-700 ne-900 iminyaka elula. Rigel - le nkwenkwezi ikufutshane Earth, ukuba iqaqambile omkhulu. ubukhulu Visual - 0.12.

Rigel - a supergiant aluhlaza-emhlophe, nto leyo eyinxalenye yenkqubo nkwenkwezi. ayehamba naye Rigel ungaphantsi kakhulu kokukhanya: yobukhulu balo kwabonakala kuqikelelwa kwi-6.7. Umgama phakathi kweenxalenye ezimbini malunga 2200 AU. Kufutshane ukuya supergiant eliqaqambileyo Rigel kwenza ingqalelo kunokwenzeka telescope. Le nkqubo esinecandelo sesithathu - Rigel C.

ubomi obufutshane

Loo inkwenkwezi kwi lekroza zamaKroza yi Betelgeuse kunye Rigel, ngenxa massiveness yayo yaye iqaqambile ezinkulu uzoba khona elifutshane. Ubudala zombini izinto kuqikelelwa xa eneminyaka eli-10 yezigidi: ukuba omncinane kakhulu ilanga, leyo uneminyaka engaphezu kwe-4.5 billion .. Ide ubudala ihlabathi lethu, abayi kuba nako ukusinda. Iinginginya, nto leyo idala ubukhulu ebalulekileyo ndinyanzelekile ikhuthaza ngokukhawuleza kakhulu itshileyo-fuel iinkwenkwezi zangaphakathi. Ngenxa yoko, umongo ehlala phezu kwexesha, waba neutron. Naye zingqubane ze bahlehla xa Ngokusebenza Velocity iqokobhe lwangaphandle enkulu. Kuya kubakho uhlobo supernova yesiqalo yesibini.

A bayahlelwa efanayo balindelwe kunye Rigel kunye Betelgeuse. Ngexesha enkulu utshintsho udubulo inani umzingeli esibhakabhakeni bafumana kuthelekiswa kukhangeleka njani lekroza Orion ngoku. Kokuwa Rigel niya kutshayelwa emhlabeni, imini nobusuku. inkwenkwezi enkulu iza kuba nenyanga ikota, kancane etyekayo endaweni zokuqhubela. Betelgeuse, ngokutsho izazinzulu, uya kudla ubomi iminyaka ubuncinane amawaka amabini emva kokuba dubulo ke ubukhulu balo ukuba akhuphisane eNyangeni. Xa inkwenkwezi enjalo uya kuhlala elingekho ngaphezu kweeveki ezimbalwa, uze nayo kucinywa. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziganeko - elizayo esikude, ngoxa iinkwenkwezi Kukhazimlayo, lekroza Orion uqhubeka ukuziyolisa sibe ukukhanya kwayo.

zone

Constellation ibandakanya asterisms elikhulu inani (kakuhle amaqela inkwenkwezi ebonakalayo ukuba amagama eyahlukileyo yembali). Ngenxa omnye kubo, lekroza zamaKroza abantwana kunye nabantu abadala baba lula ukuluqonda phantse naliphi na ixesha lonyaka. Le ibhanti umzingeli, eziquka ezintathu iinkwenkwezi kakuhle eqaqambileyo Mintaka (Delta, ukusuka Arabic 'ibhanti "), Alnitak (Zeta, lithetha eliguqulelwe ngokuthi" pearl ibhanti ") kunye Alnilam (Epsilon," umbhinqo "). Asterism ibizwa nangokuthi "Kumkani ezintathu" okanye "ngeharika". amanqaku amathathu eqaqambileyo zenze umgca othe ngqo kakhulu ogqibeleleyo yaye yahlukanisiwe ukusuka kwenye nenye ngokwemigama ngokulinganayo. Ukuba edge kumzantsi-mpuma kumgca ukuba uqhubeke, iza kwalatha kwi Sirius - inkwenkwezi aqaqambe esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Le kumntla-ntshona kumgca ungadluliselwa Aldebaran - star elibomvu Taurus.

isithungu

silhouette selo lekroza okudalwe asterism ebizwa isinde okanye ibhabhathane. It ukhandwa iinkwenkwezi ezikhanya ezimbalwa: Betelgeuse Rigel, Bellatrix (wesigrike) Alnitak, Mintaka kunye Saif (kappa).

Gamma Orionis - inkwenkwezi yesithathu aqaqambe lo mzobo yasezulwini. Ku fanele ukuba iklasi giant omhlophe noluhlaza obonakala ubukhulu we 1.64. isithuba into likhanya kwelanga idlula ngo-4000 kwakhona, kodwa ubunzima kunye radius yayo azikho umxhelo. Okokuqala malunga 9 ilanga wt, kwaye eyesibini i parameter mkhulu uphawu ahambelana lokukhanya bethu 5.7 kuphela. Xa yobudala efana Bellatrix Rigel kunye Betelgeuse. Le nkwenkwezi mfana kukhanya sele-10 ezigidi. Iminyaka. Izazinzulu kwangaphambili ukuba ajike abe ingxilimbela ebomvu uneminyaka kwesigidi embalwa.

star White and blue Saif nama umgama elifanayo ukusuka uMhlaba Rigel, kodwa kubonakala nokuvula umbane eziluzizi kakhulu ngenxa yokuba inxalenye enkulu amandla alo ukhutshiwe kuluhlu ongabonakaliyo. Saif likhanya solar ngakumbi izihlandlo 5500, yaye ububanzi - izihlandlo ezili-11.

The main isikhali

Ikrele ayikho asterism ngaphantsi ezaziwayo-kakuhle, obakhe umlaza Orion. Scheme iquka ezimbini star - θ kunye ι (yeTHETA kwaye umthambo) kunye Great Nebula Orion.

THETA yinkqubo inkwenkwezi ezininzi eziquka amacandelo ezine ukubengezela imali efanayo engaphantsi buqapheleke. Bakha quadrangle encinane, eyaziwa ngokuba kwikasi. Le izinto isithuba ngokwanelisayo abatsha wabumba gas oluphakathi kunye nothuli. Izinto ukukhanya engena evela ilifu ongabonakaliyo elifumileyo kwimpuma yale uhlanjwa umlaza. Le Enkulu Nebula zamaKroza.

"Nursery Ndisezinkwenkwezini"

Kaloku izixhobo ezinzima umzingeli nelaye lasisiseko iinkwenkwezi elizayo. Orion Nebula okanye M42 - kuzalwa inani elikhulu lezinto isithuba. Oku ubuxoki 1500 ukukhanya-kwiminyaka kude, nangona kunjalo, ukuba oyifunayo, kunokuthi kubonwe ngeliso lenyama. Ukuze wenze oku, khangela indawo phantsi bhanti zamaKroza. M42 ikhangeleka ngathi nethontsi encinane efana enomsila. Le mifanekiso wenza ngoncedo ngeeteleskopu ezinamandla, lo nebula ngobambana ebuhleni bayo. Yaziwa kulo mzekelo hayi kuphela imilinganiso yalo encomekayo, aze ngokuhlwa abakhanyisele bubomvu. Kukho ekuthiwa ekukhuliswa ezininzi obalaseleyo, apho ukukhanya elizayo akhiwa. Kuyinto esondele kuthi efana ndawo. Ukusuka kwezinye Iindawo ogcwele Great Nebula Orion luphawulwa yi kukuba kukho ilifu igesi kunye uthuli phantse akuyiphazamisi isifundo lokubonakala kwenkwenkwezi inkqubo ukwakhiwa. Ngenxa kule phantse lonke ulwazi mihla malunga nokusekwa iinkwenkwezi avela kokuma M42.

emngxunyeni omnyama

kutshanje Orion map umlaza yongeza enye into umdla ibekwe kufuphi kwikasi. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba nasekusungulweni kwe M42 nebula kwenzeka inani elikhulu yangqubana zeenkwenkwezi, nto leyo enokwenza ukuyilwa emngxunyeni omnyama, kunene ilanga ngokobunzima izihlandlo ezilikhulu. Le ngqikelelo elivumelana ukuthethana ne data kwi-high speed uphawu yeenkwenkwezi phezulu Orion kwikasi. Ukuba ubukho emngxunyeni emnyama kuqinisekiswa, iya okusondeleyo langa into efanayo.

intloko horse

Shapes efana izilwanyana, abafani constellation kuphela esibhakabhakeni. Orion idume omnye nebula ebizwa ngokuba "Horsehead Nebula" (okanye B33). Okunene kufana imilo yayo intloko zehashe. Ukukwazi ukubona ulwandlalo ecacileyo ngokukhanyisa wethu umsebenzi, nto leyo kudala omnye nebula, sikhonza sizoku for "intloko zehashe". B33 ngokwayo ayikhuphi ukukhanya, ngaba kunxulumene mafu izifunxi. Ngokunjalo, xa kungekho nemvelaphi ecacileyo bekuya kuba kakhulu kakuhle ebonakalayo. Kwaye kule meko zangoku umsebenzi abayifumanayo ujongana yonke isixhobo, kuba "intloko ihashe" wenza uhlobo elimakishayo serviceability nokuchaneka ezi zixhobo.

ukukhanya Boneka

, Akayi kuba ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kukhankanywa noba inani mafu kaninzi azihoywa ngabaphandi ngenxa yokuvakalisa yayo esezantsi engaphandle Inkcazelo oko kukhangeleka ngathi Orion. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-reflection mafu. Kakade ke, bayakuyeka ngokuchasene eqaqambileyo M42, kodwa nangona kunjalo kukho ethile umdla. Fu NGC 1977, NGC 1975 kunye NGC 1973 ibekwe ikrele zamaKroza kancinane entla kwe M42. Ngenxa ku vangama + ka zokukhanya uthuli iinkwenkwezi abatsha aqaqambe oluphakathi, la mafu abe umbala oluhlaza kwi imifanekiso. Iifoto ezithathwe izibona iinkalo ezintathu fu emnyama ezahlulwe sisithuba ngohlangothi athom obomvu ukukhutshwa hydrogen ezikhanyayo ukwenza asinamathinzi indoda ibaleka - mnye image ngokulula wabonakala umlaza Orion.

ukukhanya uzalelwa

Ngokungaqhelekanga ubukeka fu elihle 'anjengedangatye "(elinye igama layo -" itotshi "). Le kwenye indawo apho rhoqo wazalwa inkwenkwezi elitsha umlaza Orion. Emifanekisweni, oko kufana umlilo olenyayo: amafu amnandi kunye zezibhaxu ezimnyama zifana amadangatye. Fu "itotshi" ibekwe kufuphi yiSigma Orionis kwaye kubalasele. Umgama ukusuka ukuba nelaye lasisiseko iinkwenkwezi abaselula malunga namawaka ukukhanya-iminyaka.

Le umlaza Orion, ukuxelwa esele inikwe ngentla, igqalwa omnye imifanekiso ezintle yasezulwini. iinkwenkwezi okuqaqambileyo zenza loo nto, ukuba isithunzi umzingeli wasentsomini obonakalayo phantse rhoqo. Enkosi kubo ngokufanayo, kanye nokubala indawo mkhanyo soze buza imibuzo malunga ukuze ufumane indlela umlaza Orion. Ukuze izazi engahlawulwayo kulo mzobo yasezulwini sibalulekile, yaye uninzi izinto ezifumaneka ngenxa isifundo ngqo ngeliso lenyama. Amanye amacandelo, ezifana njengenxalenye Enkulu Orion Nebula, ibe yabonakala iteleskopu encinane okanye zizibonakude.