Yintoni kwilizwekazi yesibini ngobukhulu Umhlaba?

Le ilizwekazi ngobukhulu planethi Eurasia. Kwaye yintoni kwilizwekazi yesibini ngobukhulu? Impendulo eneenkcukacha lo mbuzo ngumxholo kweli nqaku. Emva kokuyifunda, uya kufunda eendawo indawo, imozulu, iimpawu kwendawo ephakamileyo, imilambo namachibi belizwekazi.

Afrika - ilizwekazi yesibini inkulu ehlabathini. indawo yayo malunga 30,33 ezigidi square metres. km, ukuba ulifake ziqithi ezikufutshane. Xa iyonke, oku malunga ne-22% yendawo epheleleyo ngaphantsi komhlaba. Le lizwekazi yesibini ngobukhulu, leyo unqumla ikhweyitha, nayo yesibini ngobukhulu. Malunga nama-12% yabantu kwihlabathi 1990 wayehlala Afrika (malunga 642 ezigidi abantu). Ngokutsho idatha ka-2011, inani yabemi landa kubantu million 994. Inkokeli olungenangxaki ngokubhekiselele kubemi e Asia.

Ubude kwelizwekazi

Afrika, ibekwe kufuphi-ikhweyitha, ethatha umgama ka 8050 km ukusuka kwindawo kakhulu emantla, oko kukuthi i-Cape El-Abyad (Tunisia) ukuya ngasemazantsi uninzi (Cape Agulhas, ibekwe eMzantsi Afrika). Ububanzi enkulu lizwekazi, kulinganiswa ukusuka kwindawo kwimpuma hafun eSomalia ukuba Cape Almadies eSenegal, akhiwe kwi ngasentshonalanga, imalunga 7560 km. Kilimanjaro Tanzania, wazigquma rhoqo likhephu, uthathwa indawo ephezulu yeli lizwekazi (5895 m). A chibi ke Assal usezantsi (153 m ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle). Rhoqo ezingaselunxwemeni uphawu Afrika. Bamalunga nama-30 490 km ngobude balo iyonke. Ngokutsho umlinganiselo kwingingqi ubude umgca lingaphantsi koko ezinye amazwekazi.

Topography sabantu

Flat namageduka okufana Afrika. Kukho iintaba eziliqela kunye moya elimxinwa unxweme. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ilizwekazi wahlulwe ecaleni eSahara entlango, nje enkulu ehlabathini. Singene inkoliso inxalenye esemntla kwilizwekazi. Ummandla of North Afrika kumazwe akhiwe ukuya kwelingasentla kule ntlango. Phakathi kwabo - lithi kunezizwana kwaye ezinkulu njengoko Algeria neYiputa. Izizwe ezihlala apha ziye zahlolwa ngaphezu abemi zamazwe engasezantsi. Inxalenye, le meko kukuba ngenxa yokuba kule ndawo kuMlambo umNayile, emide kakhulu ehlabathini.

Afrika Sub-Sahara likhaya inkoliso yabantu belizwekazi. Le ndawo yaziwa ngokuba Afrika sub-Sahara. East Afrika kule ndawo kuquka amazwe afana Uganda, Somalia ne Ethiopia. Kakade ke, siye saphawula kuphela nje enkulu. Phakathi West kunye Central African amazwe - Cameroon, Angola, Nigeria, Ghana. Oku kwakhona Democratic Republic of the Congo. EMzantsi Afrika iquka Namibia, Lesotho naseBotswana.

Le ilizwekazi yesibini inkulu planethi singqongwe iziqithi ezininzi. Madagascar yeyona inkulu kubo. Le ibekwe ukuya kumzantsi-mpuma kwilizwekazi. Afrika wonke lugubungela amazwe abamalunga nama-50, ukususela Nigeria (labemi - 127 million) ukuya kwisiqithi ithi amancinci.

Imbali ngokwezivumelwano lwase

Bakholelwa ukuba ubomi kule lizwekazi yaqala phakathi 5 million no-8 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Apha i-emphaya zaseYiputa, omnye ephucuke yokuqala enkulu. Ngaphezu amawaka 5. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, wathi simanyene. Noko ke, kwiminyaka Afrika edlulileyo 500 yayilawulwa kumzabalazo yobuhlanga kunye nezopolitiko, ikoloni amazwe. Konke oku nqanda uphuhliso yayo lwentlalo kunye nezoshishino.

uqoqosho Afrika

uqoqosho Afrika - yeyona ngokwaneleyo (ngaphandle Antarctica). Isebe ezingundoqo kusenjalo ezolimo. Kwesifo kunye indlala Ukungabikho abasebenzi zonyango kunye ikwimeko embi yeendlela. Le zwekazi yesibini ngobukhulu osisityebi kwezibonelelo zendalo, ukuthunyelwa leyo yenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho. Yotyalo-mali okanye ukuthunyelwa kwemithombo omnye okanye ngaphezulu kuxhomekeke kumazwe amaninzi Afrika.

Culture Afrika

Inkcubeko yalo zwekazi ezahlukahlukeneyo. Nazi malunga namawaka iilwimi ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqela eentlanga. Kuba Afrika Ubuhlobo yesizwe ebalulekileyo. Inkoliso yabantu omnyama, kodwa kukho ezininzi Arabhu, baseYurophu, Asia Berbers. Nesiko ezidolophini, indlela Western yobomi kunye noshishino na inkcubeko osecaleni lwasemaphandleni ngendlela yayo yezizwe ubomi, inkolo kunye nezolimo.

Literature, ubugcisa kunye nomculo zibaluleke kakhulu hayi kuphela Afrika, kodwa waba nempembelelo enkulu phezu kwezinye inkcubeko yehlabathi. izingqisho Afrika, umzekelo, iphenjelelwa izimbo mihla Western umculo pop ezifana blues, jazz.

Uninzi iintlanga awayengabemi kwilizwekazi yesibini ngobukhulu, ukususela ngowe-1950 yafumana inkululeko. Yena weza utshintsho olukhulu, kubandakanywa ukusekwa oorhulumente multi-party lwentando yesininzi.

sezulu

Le lizwekazi yesibini ngobukhulu ngenxa indawo geographical ishushu kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Afrika ufumana imali inkulu kwelanga kunye nobushushu kunezinye amazwekazi. Kuwo wonke unyaka, ilanga liphezulu ngaphezu kolundi phakathi efudumeleyo, kwaye amaxesha 2 ngonyaka kwi bade nanini na. Ngenxa yokuba i-ikhweyitha iqabele phantse kumbindi Afrika, nemozulu, ngaphandle Equatorial, kabini iyaphindwa nommandla wayo.

mvula ibhanti

Lo mbhinqo iquka unxweme i-Gulf of Guinea kwaye isitya. Congo. Imozulu babesuke luphawulwa singayeki. Kusasa oko kudla lisibekele. Ngenxa yokuba phezu komhlaba uba imini kushushu kakhulu, umoya ubumanzi obukhatshwa ndinalo phantsi zemvula. Ekubeni ngokwakha amafu Cumulus. ikhefu Imvula kwemini. Yena soloko ilandelwa lutshintsho lwemithetho iindudumo olomeleleyo uqhwithela. Imithi, ngaphambili bema ngokuzola, xa kuqala yesaqhwithi gungqa ukusuka ngapha nangapha, ngokungathi ngoku lincothule ezitroneni zabo. Noko ke, ineengcambu ezomelele- musa ukuvumela ukuba usehla emhlabeni. Ukukhanya kombani. Kodwa emva kwemizuzu embalwa emva kokuba amahlathi kwakhona kwazo kwaye cwaka. Ngokuhlwa kwakhona uza imozulu intle.

subequatorial

Band subequatorial ububanzi. It amiselweyo kwindawo imozulu zemvula. Kukho ukuma amaxesha amabini - ehlotyeni ezimanzi kunye ebusika ezomileyo. Ixesha lemvula uyeza, xa ilanga sele bade. Iqala ngesiquphe. Savannah iiveki ezintathu wagalela amanzi. Zonke ukuqanda, nasezimfanteni amanzi, yokunyakamisa umhlaba ezomileyo. Savannah ligutyungelwe ngengca.

ISahara

Ixesha lemvula kunye nemali ye kwezulu zasehlotyeni ukuya ndawo ukuhla. ibhanti ashinyeneyo kwisibanzi emvula ibekwe kuzo zombini zifaka. E North Afrika, kowomileyo kakhulu. Nantsi ke kummandla owomileyo nobushushu kuphela lizwekazi, kodwa yonke loo mhlaba. Le yeSahara iyintlango. Ihlobo e kushushu kakhulu, esibhakabhakeni yakhe phantse mafu esibhakabhakeni. 70 ° C umphezulu shushu zentlabathi kunye namatye. lobushushu Air ngabantu angaphezulu 40 ° C.

Ebusuku ngenxa yokungabikho emafini lomoya kunye kumphezulu womhlaba lupholisiwe ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, kuye kwahluka-ezinkulu kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu. umoya oshushu komile kwemini kunzima nokuphefumla. Iingcambu zezityalo esomileyo namatye efihliweyo nasezimfanteni zonke izinto eziphilayo. Intlango ngeli xesha kubonakala ukuba ufile. Ehlotyeni amaninzi umoya onamandla, ekuthiwa sandstorm. Yena Uphatha amafu yintlabathi. Emehlweni kufika iindunduma bephila, iba kunina, kuquka ilanga inkungu bubomvu kubonakala fireball. Amehlo, impumlo kunye nomlomo ezitshileyo esantini. Nzima ukuba umntu ongenayo ixesha nexesha ukuthatha ihlathi esiphangweni.

zone yelanga

ibhanti Tropical yoMzantsi Afrika ithatha indawo encinci. Yehla imvula ngaphezu Sahara (ngenxa yokuba umlinganiselo ongaphantsi eMzantsi Afrika ukususela entshona ukuya empuma). Ingakumbi ezininzi kummandla zoKhahlamba Mountains, kumathambeka osempuma, kwaye kwimpuma kwisiqithi eMadagascar, apho imvula kuzisa imimoya kumzantsi-lasempuma ukusuka olwandle. Nangona kunjalo, imvula kungabonwa kwi-Atlantic kunxweme. Isibakala sokuba nemisinga abandayo olwandle, nto leyo uthathe indawo kwi kunxweme kumzantsi-ntshona, ukunciphisa ubushushu moya kumkunyela wonkxweme lizwekazi, onqanda imvula. umoya obandayo azike, inzima, akakwazi kuvuka amnike imvula. Umbethe lamiswa xa amaqondo obushushu ikuphela komthombo ukuxovwa.

zone sehlathi

Umntla kakhulu nangasezantsi kwelizwekazi zifumaneka kwimimandla sehlathi. Apho eshushu, ehlotyeni owomileyo (+ 27-28 ° C) kwaye kufudumele kakhulu ebusika (+ 10-12 ° C). Konke oku kwenza izinto zabantu. 2 ezinkulu lizwekazi ifumana isixa esikhulu ubushushu. Oku uthanda ukulinywa ezinjalo izityalo yetropika ezibalulekileyo ezifana ikoko, ikofu, i-oyile kunye nomhla-neentende, iibhanana, pineapples kunye nezinye.

amanzi emhlabeni

2 ezinkulu zwekazi liye imilambo emininzi emikhulu. Kwilizwekazi distribution network umlambo lazo. Le lizwekazi yesibini ngobukhulu, ogama - Afrika, ebonakala ngu yokuba isinye kwisithathu kwindawo yayo lwandle kulapho yokuhambisa amanzi ngaphakathi.

Nile

Nile - umlambo inde zehlabathi (6671 km). Ayajika kwilizwekazi, nto leyo kwilizwekazi yesibini ngobukhulu liphela - Afrika. Umlambo asuka kwiinduli East Afrika, ezihamba idike. Victoria. Ukungxamela phantsi anamandla, uNeil ikhondo eliphezulu yakha ezineengxangxasi nezinyuko. Phandle emathafeni, uhlabela cwaka kancinci. Kule nxalenye komlambo kuthiwa White Nile. E Khartoum ngayo zidibana kunye amanzi avela ngasintla kwiintaba elingumTiyopiya uviko enkulu ebizwa ngokuba Blue Nile. Emva kokuba Blue kunye Belyy Nil anamathele umlambo ngokubanzi kabini kwaye ufumana igama zeNayile.

Noko ke, le nto umlambo kuphela enkulu, apho kufuneka bathi, echaza kwilizwekazi yesibini ngobukhulu bomhlaba. We ndithi kuwe ngabanye.

Congo

Congo - umlambo zinzulu e-Afrika kunye yesibini elide (4320 km). Xa ndawo, ichibi kwaye manzi yinto yesibini kuphela Amazon. Kwiindawo ezimbini umlambo ehlangana ikhweyitha. Kuyo yonke unyaka egcwele.

Niger

Indawo yesithathu ubude lechibi eNiger. Lo mlambo nelezihlambo kwimimandla umbindi kunye iqashiso ezisezantsi neziphezulu seengxangxasi kunye ohamba. Niger kwindawo ezinkulu iminqamlezo eziyimiqwebedu iindawo, idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu yokunkcenkceshela.

Zambezi

Zambezi - inkulu imilambo Afrika angena Indian Ocean. Yeyona Victoria Falls, omnye nje enkulu ehlabathini. umlambo Wide (malunga 1800 meters), umlambo iwela ukusuka Inqwanqwa (okuphakama - 120 m) kwindawo gorge exineneyo, ukunqumla indlela yakhe. Kugquma kunye ngokuxokozela enhle unokuviwa kude kakhulu.

ichibi Afrika

Ke ukuba amachibi, phantse zonke eziphambili kubo thafa East Afrika, kummandla nandzu. Ngoko ke, somfula amachibi ibe side. Zidla erhangqwe ziintaba amqengqelezi phezulu. Zinelungelo kubunzulu elide ngakumbi kakhulu. Umzekelo, kunye ububanzi 50-80 km Lake eTanganyika ezinde km 650. Le yeyona echibini elide zehlabathi angenawo. Ukujula kwawo (1435 meters), akukho wesibini kuphela Lake zamanzi.

Lake Victoria - inkulu ngu indawo eAfrika. Isitya na platform yayo evalekayo emkhombeni hayi nandzu. Ngoko ke, oko nzulu (40 m), iibhanki lwesitenxo yayo kunye ezo.

Lake Chad kukha. Ukujula kwawo kweemitha 4-7. Kuxhomekeka omkulu elibaleka neetyuwa komlambo kunye notshintsho endaweni yayo bulula. Xa ixesha lemvula, eli nani lenyuswa laya phantse isiqingatha. Ngamandla ukugcwala elunxwemeni chibi.

Ngoku yintoni 2 ezinkulu ilizwekazi iplanethi yethu bayazi. Nangona inkcazo zingahlonyelelwa nolwazi olusisiseko ngaye sele uchazwe apha ngasentla.