Yintoni kwehayidrosfere

Yintoni na le kwehayidrosfere (amanzi okanye iqokobhe) behlabathi? Eli gama kuthiwa Geospheres enye iplanethi yethu, nto leyo ke isethi zonke kwiimo H ₂ O - eqinileyo, ulwelo kunye negesi equlethwe ehlabathini.

Umthamo wamanzi ezikhoyo kwi iplanethi yethu inani elikhulu - billion ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha kwiikhilomitha cubic. Kwezi, isabelo yengonyama (ezingamashumi alithoba anesithandathu ekhulwini ngalinye) akhawunti amanzi anetyuwa kwezilwandle. ezihambayo zengingqi ezizintloko kwaye umgangatho yamanzi akhawunti malunga amabini ekhulwini, yaye bambalwa kakhulu (iqhezu le pesenti) - ukuba ukufuma equlethwe emoyeni xa umphunga wamanzi (amafu zendalo nokufuma).

Ukuze ngokupheleleyo siqonde ukuba yintoni na kwehayidrosfere, yaye yintoni na ifuthe layo kubomi babantu, kufuneka sihlole iinkcukacha ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezenzeka ehlabathini (kwindawo yokuqala, imozulu), apho kuyo inxaxheba. Okokuqala, ukuba amanzi ubuchule 'ukuqokelela' ezishushu. Kungenxa yoko le nto imozulu kwiindawo ezikufutshane kweelwandle, iilwandle, okanye amadama nje enkulu, uye umahluko othile ukusuka imozulu ndawo, elele ngaphakathi kwilizwekazi kwi ngama efanayo. Kukho ingqiqo ka "okusingqongileyo zaselwandle", "isimo lizwekazi". Ezinkulu quba amanzi elibaselwe ngumoji ngexesha efudumeleyo, ngoko ngokucothayo anike ubushushu ezingasetyenziswanga, ngokokude ebusika emdeni lizwekazi othambileyo kakhulu. Kwelinye icala, emva kokuba ostyvshaya yasebusika amanzi yenza kupholile ehlotyeni.

Ukongeza umbuzo wokuba yintoni kwehayidrosfere, umxholo mhlawumbi abambelele kule ebizwa ngokuba cryosphere, okanye "entsimini yokubanda" - in Greek. Cryosphere - kukuba yinxalenye kwehayidrosfere, equlethe amanzi eqinileyo. Oku kuquka kuphela zomkhenkce (ntaba okanye offshore), kodwa inshorensi ikhephu, ice isiciko zonyaka amadama, kwakunye permafrost. Ngaloo cryosphere Akukho imida ecacileyo, yaye indawo yayo kunye nendawo ziyahluka ngobunto ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.

Le inwebu amanzi ngokuya Abaphengululi abaninzi, wazalwa ubomi ofayo. Ngako oko ke kubalulekile kuthi kwehayidrosfere. yakheke kwaye isakhiwo kwixesha zembali unenzondelelo utshintsho. Ezi ziquka ukuhla nokunyuka kwinqanaba aphantsi komhlaba, ukunyuka nokuhla komgangatho wolwandle, wembalela kwemozulu kunye gumidizatsiya kwiindawo ezinkulu. Ngokwembali oko yasekwa ukuba inqanaba oLwandle lweCaspian kumaXesha Aphakathi yaba ngaphantsi kakhulu ngoku, phezu kwayo kwakukho iziqithi ezininzi. Kwenye yezi ziqithi ndafumana kokufa kwakhe ezichithakeleyo Shah Genghis Khan of Khorezm. Esi siganeko, nâzo encwadini yeembali.

Kodwa hayi kuphela iqokobhe amanzi Umhlaba kuchaphazela ubomi bomntu kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini yaqala, kwaye ngokuya lusiba inkqubo reverse amandla. ifuthe Human kwi kwehayidrosfere ayikho kuphela ukungcoliseka komhlaba okanye olwandle amanzi. imisebenzi yezoqoqosho yabantu kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni kobushushu iplanethi yethu linyuke kancinane, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni thawing komkhenkce. I selikhithika of Kilimanjaro, wamnika igama yomsebenzi ongenakufa Hemingway, kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ziye ezilahlekileyo asibhozo anesibini (!) Percent of kule ndawo, yaye le nkqubo kuyaqhubeka. Oku ngokuya iphelelwa inshorensi yayo Mont Blanc (in French - White Mountain).

Ngoko ke, yintoni na kwehayidrosfere, ubume balo kunye nefuthe phezu kwabantu, siya ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi sezilungisiwe. Umbuzo usahleli - imisebenzi yabantu Uya yingozi kwehayidrosfere? Kusenokwenzeka, eneneni, iimovie intlekele Hollywood ezifanelekileyo, apho bonke umkhenkce ziyanyibilika ihlabathi ligutyungelwe andle? Iingcali ezininzi musa ukukhawuleza ne impendulo ecacileyo, ucinga ukuba isigqibo sokugqibela igciniweyo encinane kakhulu. Eguquguqukayo amaqondo ngonyaka ibe khona ngaphambili, ebangela amaphakade kulengqele nomkhe-. Kunye nemisebenzi yabantu, Kakade ke, ukuba akunakwenzeka ezinxulumene. Kungenzeka, iinkqubo ezikhoyo kumzimba umhlaba wethu kunye eyingqongileyo ngokukhawuleza ziye zahlolwa ngokwaneleyo. Yintoni ngokwenene Belihamba phezu - ukuphendula lo mbuzo, izazinzulu esebenza ekudibaneni of Sciences - komhlaba, ngeenkwenkwezi, meteorology kunye nendalo. Kwaye mhlawumbi kungekudala.