Yintoni ikoloni? Urhulumente njengekoloni kunye nentsingiselo mihla elithi "koloni"

Yintoni na thanga, inkoliso yethu nangoku bakhumbule izifundo zembali kunye. Colonia ukuba nentsimi kuxhomekeke leyo iphantsi kwegunya wamanye amazwe (ingumasipala). Ngelo xesha kulo awukwazi kuthwalwa phandle igunya kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho, nolawulo isekelwe ulawulo olulodwa. abemi lwenqila kwi amathanga kuba kakhulu amandla kunye nelungelo xa kuthelekiswa kubemi yokuqala. Ukusuka kwindawo imbali lwembono, ukuyilwa zokuhlala ethe ukuba urhulumente wafuna ukwandisa ibizwa eziphembelela ngenxa kuthinjwe kwamanye amazwe kunye amazwekazi.

kwimbali

Yintoni ithanga, siye ezichongiweyo. Ngoku lixesha lokuba ukufumana ukuba yeyiphi amazwe kunye nendlela ukuthatha inxaxheba amazwe ithi ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, phakathi kolawulo ngenkulungwane XVI ngokupheleleyo phezu kwilizwekazi American wathabatha phezu eSpeyin, kunye nakwiindawo eziphakathi ezingamathanga Spanish ahlala phantse yonke North America, ngoxa amanye amazwe aseYurophu ayikwazanga kuphumelela ubuncinane inxalenye yelizwe American. Noko ke, ukufuna igolide nesilivere wayeka baseSpeyin ukulawula ummandla wabo ngobuchule, nemfazwe elide kunye Netherlands phantsi ngamandla ithuba Spain. Konke oku kuye ngayo into yokuba eNgilani a olukhula ngokukhawuleza ukuze akhokele eko- yehlabathi.

ulawulo ngamathanga kunye nemigaqo lobukoloniyali kumazwe ahlukeneyo

I amathanga yokuqala ka-North America, owayebonakele kwinkulungwane XVII., Wasekwa ngu nabafiki eFransi, eNgilani neHolland. wokufika Mass yaba kufika IsiNgesi. Yokuqala ekwahlala IsiNgesi apha waqala Virginia, ngoko i-Atlantic kunxweme wabonakala 13 ezinabantu lingaphezulu kwabantu nezigidi ezi-2.5. Ndimele ndithi ukuba inzalelwane egameni amaNdiya kunye Algonquin baphathwa ukuba bezithanga kakhulu ukumelana kuqala, siya Wayebafundisa iindawo ezininzi. Yiloo nto kanye amaNdiya nako ukwamkela baseYurophu bahlala kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuba njengophawu "nombulelo" zokugcina ilizwe wengingqi kunye nabemi lwaba ngamakhoboka. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ummandla zilawulwa ngqo ukusuka eNgilani, oko kukuthi, ukumkani wayalela irhuluneli sokubhatala nganye. Kwakukho ibandla liphela lobukoloniyali apho abavoti owayenokugqiba umlawuli wangomso.

Kakuhle eli yomgaqo-nkqubo ibikukuqinisekisa, ukuba amakhoboka nokusebenzisela kwabemi iinjongo ezithile. I lowo wenze eRoma kunye namanye amazwe slaveholding, apho amakhoboka kuthinjwa, ulikhoboka ziphangwe eli lizwe, Bayisusile ezahlukeneyo ubutyebi kunye nezibonelelo. Yokuqala imibuso zamakoloniyali baqalisa ukuya eSpeyin nasePortugal, leyo kwasekwa ngoko nangoko emva Enkulu Discoveries Geographical. Ngoko ke, lo baseSpeyin ngamakhoboka kuMbindi naseMzantsi Merika, Portugal wavula indlela eya eIndiya, ngaloo capturing unxweme Afrika ne-Brazil. amakhulu zabulawa amawaka abantu izithili lonke bemveli tyokiswe kunye namaphondo.

Ethetha amazwe, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwavela i amathanga yokuqala zamaGrike. Kodwa kule ndawo inkqubo ukuyilwa ithi entsha idale ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, oko kukuthi, ngamnye kubo kufuneka geqe. Ndafumanisa ukuba amazwe uye wanceda ukusindisa Greece evela dubulo zentlalo, njengoko isixeko ukungena imikhosi ezinokuba yingozi neyangaphandle. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kulo meko hayi imfazwe kakhulu, xa kuthelekiswa, umzekelo, kunye France. Ngowe-1713, elo thanga French iqulathe amaphondo amahlanu yintoni na ngoku Canada nase-United States, ezizezi, Canada, Acadia, Hudson Bay, New Earth and Louisiana.

amazwe Spanish of the World New yaqala xa Columbus wafumanisa Melika ngo-1492. kwafuneka ukuba sifumane indlela eya eIndiya, eza ekhuselekileyo kunye ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yoko, abaphandi baye sinyuse amathanga Spanish. Zonke iziqithi, amazwe babesendleleni eya India Columbus, wayekholelwa izifundo Spanish: Bahamas, Haiti, Cuba, Tortuga, Antilles esingaphantsi, Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe - konke oku yaba yinxalenye izinto baseSpeyin.

US imimandla

Zonke amakoloni North American zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela ama-3. Iqela lokuqala kuquka imimandla emantla, leyo Simanywe igama eliqhelekileyo - New England. Apha waba umoya kuphela IsiNgesi, ishishini eli asakhulayo. Iqela lesibini le amathanga emazantsi (lo Virginia, North noMzantsi Carolina, Georgia). Apha isiseko kuqoqosho accounted for otyewe, nokuqeshe Negros. Phakathi kwala maqela mabini of imimandla efakwe amakoloni North American, ezibe iifama esebenzayo, ukuphuhlisa imizi. Ezi zibandakanya indawo ngeenxa New York, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey.

Yaba amandla inkulu colonial, kunye England, ngokuthe ngcembe nokwanda yayo zejografi, subjugating France, Holland, eSpeyin, Portugal ne India. Le States zilandelayo endleleni amaBritane baba China kunye Afghanistan. Emva kokuba amanqaku capture kwi Gulf of England sibe koyena uhlanga ehlabathini wahlala kulo kwirenki lonke kwinkulungwane XIX.

Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, nomzabalazo ubukhulu ehlabathini kukhokelele kwinto yokuba yaqala ukubonakala iimfazwe ezininzi nokungqubana, leyo mandundu yi kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko ezimagqagala yongxowankulu. EJamani, Italy, i-US kunye Japan baye bonke amandla abo nezakhono, ukumisela igunya lakhe.

Namhlanje phakathi kwezinto ezimbini Wars yeHlabathi - i-First kunye iMfazwe Yehlabathi Second - urhulumente ngcembe waqalisa ukuzikhulula kwingcinezelo lobukoloniyali. Ngoko ke, ngo-1943, yaba elizimeleyo Syria nelaseLebhanon, ngo-1945 - Vietnam kunye Indonesia. Kamva ngokuthe ngcembe akhululwe kwaye ezinye karhulumente. Ngaloo ndlela okwenziwa ngayo kwaye ukuwa yenkqubo yobukoloniyali ehlabathini.

Njengoko ukulawula lwenziwe

Ukuze uqonde into ithanga, kubalulekile ukwazi okuyiphatha ulawulo ngayo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ilizwe ngalinye ukusukela injongo yayo ukudala iindawo ezinjalo. Umntu wazama ukufumana isithuba kwaye wenza kuyo ulawulo iyonke. Amanye amazwe kuzisukela iinjongo kuphela zemfundo expansionist. Naziphi na amathanga - French okanye IsiNgesi - Ubalawula ngomaleko lwabantu abakhethiweyo, ulwimi olusemthethweni ulwimi recognised institution of the bamathanga.

Amathanga zasekwa ukuze kuqwalaselwe ezininzi iingxaki. Ukususela Ngokwembono kwezoqoqosho, kwenzeka ukuxhaphaza imithombo yendalo kunye nabantu. Ukudala amakoloni lwehlabathi, boyisa ukusebenzisa iindlela zorhwebo kunye neemarike. iinjongo zomgaqo Foreign zaye zafezekiswa, apho zibangelwa umdla geo-qhinga. Ukuqonda oko koloni, kunzima, ukuba ukwazi iimpawu zayo. Yintoni eyenza lo mmandla? Okokuqala, uxhomekeko kwezopolitiko kunye nobukho ekwinqanaba somthetho okhethekileyo. Okwesibini, bodwa eendawo. Okwesithathu, umahluko Aboriginal kunye ingumasipala ngokwemiqathango unqulo nenkcubeko.

intsingiselo entsha ingcamango

Namhlanje, asibi saba siyazi into efana koloni. Eli ziko, nto leyo iqulathe abemi abadala, agwetywe entolongweni. Kukho iindidi ezintathu ngamathanga-zokuhlala, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo ulwaphulo kwindlela yentolongo:

1. Kuba abantu abaye benza umthetho ngabom.

2. Kuba abantu fela okokuqala ukuba ulwaphulo ngabom olimele okanye ukumodareyitha.

3. Kuba abantu luphawulwa a icala oluhle.

Nakuba kunjalo, nawuphi na umkhosi amathanga zoluleko ukuba zonke iindidi zabantu hayi adinga ukhuseleko okanye Amazing rhoqo. Kule meko, onke amabanjwa impoxo kuzo zonke iintlobo zokuhlala kwiimeko ezifanayo. Ukongeza, ukuba ayiphelelanga kwintshukumo simahla kwintsimi kunye nemvume lolawulo abangela ukuba bengenamntu ngaphandle. Umzekelo, isidingo esinjalo ezinokuvela ukuba uthe wagwetywa imfuneko ukufunda okanye umsebenzi ngaphandle zokuhlala.

kolawulo lobukoloniyali

Uhlobo leziko apho umntu ogwetyiweyo uya kuthunyelwa, kuxhomekeke inkundla iya. Ngokomzekelo, xa ithanga-zokuhlala ukuthumela enetyala wagwetywa ngenxa yesenzo okanye ngcathu nobukhulu ukungakhathali okanye ngabom. Labour koloni yenzelwe abo, ndayihluthwa inkululeko yabo ngokuba benze ulwaphulo-mthetho kakhulu. Le yokuhlala kolawulo olungqongqo wathumela imigulukudu, ngubani kubalelwa isohlwayo izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezibaluleke kakhulu, wenza okokuqala, okanye abo benze izenzo kwakhona. Isigqibo sokwahlulwa ithanga Indoda ekhethekileyo eziqulethwe isigwebo sobomi entolongweni. Kumathanga oluleko abameli ngokwesini ezahlukeneyo eziqulathwe ngamnye.

Yintoni infrared?

Zonke iintlobo kumaziko oluleko iimpawu ezifanayo. Ngoko ke, le ndawo yi ummandla mveliso, eliquka kwizakhiwo zoshishino kunye nendawo zokuhlala. Yahlulahlulwe yaba kwiingingqi apho wakha zokulala amabanjwa. Inkoliso ye-IR na igumbi lokutyela, ilayibhrari, isikolo, iyunithi yezonyango, club, ibhafu, ikomkhulu (kukho abasebenzi bezolawulo). Amaninzi, xa ndawo ecaweni okanye indawo yokunqula, kwakunye amagumbi eentlanganiso.

Ngomhla kummandla wolawulo ngokubanzi amabanjwa ahlale zigcinwa iiseli itshixiwe, kwaye ezi ndawo bantu 20-50 ungahlala. Xa amanye amabanjwa kungena iindlela asasazwa kwi dorm okanye enqabeni yomkhosi. Xa okulala zabo amanqanaba amathathu silala, apho umntu omnye uba 7 sq.m. isithuba. Abo amabanjwa ukuba isigwebo sobomi entolongweni, ikwesi iiseli umntu-mbini. Ezinye IC usenokucelwa ukuba ahlale evalelwe yedwa. Kule ihostele, ngaphandle okulala, kukho igumbi apho ukugcina izinto zakho, igumbi yokuxhela, igumbi kuba wokudla, "kwikona ebomvu", apho iziganeko yenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo.

Zonke amathanga ngaphandle ukuba ulawulo abakhethekileyo Esplanade apho amabanjwa uhambe ngexesha labo elisecaleni. Kukwakho amaziko ukuze ngokubulawa isohlwayo ngenxa yokuziphatha: kwiseli isohlwayo (amabanjwa apha anokuqulatha imihla ukuya ku-15) kunye indawo cell-uhlobo (sono silingenwe iinyanga ezintandathu igweba kukhonza apha).

koloni yabaseTyhini

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amabanjwa, amadoda kunye nabafazi badla ukukhonza izigwebo zabo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Amathanga ukuba abameli "sex ebuthathaka" zindawo kulawulo ngokubanzi, apho bakhonza ixesha lokubulala, ubusela, ukuphanga, ubuqhetseba kunye naluphi na ulwaphulo-mthetho kwezoqoqosho, ngokunjalo imisebenzi iziyobisi. Leenkedama utyando kwi-13 zokuhlala Russian. Kulo mzekelo, unina kunye nabantwana bahlala ngokwahlukeneyo, wadibana imini yonke ngeyure enye. Kwiintolongo lwabasetyhini, njengoko uninzi kula zilungiso, kukho engqongqo, rhoqo yaye yaququzelela iimeko lokuhlala. Ngokuxhomekeka olu hlobo, besifazane utyelelo enye okanye nangaphezulu kulo nyaka.

Ilahla ongahlala ngaphandle IR kunye nosapho okanye abantwana. Noko ke, iimeko ezinjalo zinqabile. Kanye ngenyanga, imigulukudu ungafowunela izalamane okanye omnye umntu, kodwa kufuneka kuqala kwenza isibheno esibhaliweyo. Incoko kunye ithatha imizuzu eli-15 kuphela. Ngokungafaniyo namadoda, abasetyhini banakho ukufumana inani mda beepasile. Zihlala zokulala abantu 100-120 xa u Barrack mnye. Umsebenzi na koloni ludlala indima enkulu, ngenxa yokuba uninzi amabanjwa lithuba elihle lokuba bafumane ubuncinane kancinane. Noko ke, emva kokuba zonke notsalo usenokufumanisa ukuba umvuzo yi engange kuphela 500.

koloni yabantwana

Ngenye indlela, le hlobo ziko ebizwa ngokuba 'ithanga zemfundo "apho ukuthumela abantwana. Bangakwazi ndimangalelwa ngenxa ngabom ezahlukahlukeneyo ubungnqongqo. Oku uthumele abantwana otshintshe kwezinye iintolongo. Abo abafikisayo benze ulwaphulo lokuhlela, equlethwe umbuso engqongqo. Kwi zakhiwo efanayo ezo ngokuqhelekileyo abaphula umyalelo lokuhlala kweli ziko lokuvalelwa, kwakunye nabo zidluliselwa kwiimeko lula. Emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, ukuba ukudluliselwa umva, ukuba ukukhonza isivakalisi ngokungqinelana nemigaqo.

Isibonelelo zoLutsha loluleko, apho iyonke efakiweyo kwaye igweba urhulumente ngakumbi bahlala zokulala. Baya kuvunyelwa ukuba oku kulandelayo:

- ukukwazi ukufumana indlela okubalulekileyo zenyanga imali kwi-akhawunti yakhe buqu (eyi-60% yomvuzo ubuncinane);

- ezintandathu elifutshane notyelelo ezimbini ubude ngonyaka ngamnye;

- 8 iiphakheji / iinkqubo, neepasile 8 ngonyaka ngamnye.

Zazinza abo bakhonza ixesha kwiimeko ngokukhululekileyo, nabo bahlala dorms. Iimpawu zikhona thile ezahlukeneyo:

- on the essentials kuthetha ukuba bachithe 120% yomvuzo uphantsi;

- kunyaka babemele 12 elifutshane-4 Utyelelo elide, kunye notyelelo ixesha elide unokuthatha indawo ngaphandle koloni zemfundo, ukuba ivunyiwe yi-Administration;

- kunyaka babe ukufumana isiza-12 / izakhiwo kunye phakheji efanayo.

Ukuba uthe wagwetywa sungula ukukhonza isivakalisi iimeko zivuma, aphile zokulala nangaphandle intsimi, ngaphandle ukhuseleko, kodwa phantsi kweliso kulawulo. loo maqela phantsi iingenelo ezininzi, kuquka ukukwazi ukuba zichithe imali eyimfuneko mali kunyaka, ukuba zifumana inani engenasiphelo leepakethi neepasile, ukuba baphile ngaphandle kweli thanga usinxibe neempahla zokunxiba.

Abantwana ikoloni kweemeko ezilawulwa yengqongqo yona ubandakanya abahlala kwimimandla ekwanti zokuhlala, nto leyo atshixiwe ngexesha labo elisecaleni. Bayakwazi bachithe imali kwi-akhawunti ye-30% yomvuzo zisezantsi, bafumana iipasile 4/4 transmission neepasile yaye 4 Utyelelo ezimfutshane ngonyaka.

Imithetho lokuhlala kwindawo mthetho ongumntwana loluleko

Njengomgaqo, amabanjwa kwiminyaka eli-18 ubudala ukuhlala entolongweni ukuya kwiminyaka-21. Xa imigangatho efanayo okunesondlo, iimeko yokukhonza sesivakalisi intsalela ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuhlala injalo, nokuba wayeneminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Abo amabanjwa abaye wayeneminyaka eli-18 ubudala yaye lubonakala ezingakhiyo, kudluliselwa kukhonza isivakalisi ngakumbi lithanga isohlwayo setyala, kwaye isigqibo esithathwe yinkundla. Ezinye kweminyaka engama-21 zithunyelwa ekude. Kulo mzekelo, emva kokuthothoza iinyanga 9 enetyala thanga badluliselwe neemeko ngokubanzi.

Kukwindlela yokwenza engqongqo: Ziziphi iimpawu?

New Code Russian mthetho lubonisa ukuba isivakalisi ubomi - luhlobo eyenye isigwebo sentambo zolwaphulo ezinzulu. Life ukuvalelwa ngaphandle kwezi meko zilandelayo:

- ukuba ukubulawa ebibekiwe kunye owayephethe iimeko;

- ukuba mthetho lazibophelela ukuba urhulumente okanye iqumrhu loluntu;

- ukuba kwenziwe iinzame ubomi lomntu owenza kuza ubulungisa liqhuba uphando lokuqala;

- Ukuba kukho iinzame ubomi kwamagosa ukuthotyelwa komthetho;

- phakathi kohlanga.

Life ukuvalelwa akabalwa kwabasetyhini, abantwana namadoda abo ngexesha nokugwetywa uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-60, nangona ukuba ephatha Code Criminal ezifana isivakalisi njengoko kwaleli ilahla evela kuluntu. Ngoko ke, amabanjwa abo isigwebo sobomi entolongweni, uya kukhonza isigwebo sakhe lithanga enetyala eyahlukileyo kwezinye amabanjwa.

Ngenxa yoko, kweli nqaku siye sazama ukwenza ukuba le koloni. Kakade ke, namhlanje eli gama libhekisela into eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kubomi bethu. Ngengqiqo ezininzi jikelele kweli thanga njengommandla evaliweyo charter yayo, imithetho kunye urhulumente lwabonakala kwiintolongo mihla.