Yintoni ibizwa ukuhla ulwimi Russian? Declination zamagama

Abaninzi kuthi nangoku khumbula ukusuka esikolweni kuthiwa declination. Kodwa zizalana zonke bokuqonda ezinxulumene nayo, kuya kuba amandla ayikho ukuba wonke. Kodwa ukwazi imithetho enxulumene declination lwezibizo, akayi nathi iimpazamo zopelo kwixesha elizayo.

Yintoni declination

Phantse zonke ezizimeleyo yinxalenye kwintetho (ngaphandle izihlomelo ento) ukuze kwahluka imithetho yabo. Izenzi, ezahlukeneyo ngokuthi umntu kunye nenombolo, ukuba conjugated, oko kukuthi, iinxalenye zentetho othanda. Kuthetha ntoni oku? amagama Declination - kukuba nako izibizo, izichazi, amanani kunye participles ziyahluka:

1. Shiya (eyindoda, embindini, ababhinqileyo, ngaphandle kubo. N.).
2. Amanani (isinye nesininzi).
3. Case.

Yaziwe ngabantu abaninzi iseti kulawula Russian "Igrama-80" ngenye kuchaza, kuthiwa declination. Uphakamisa ukuchaza njengokuba utshintsho eklasini ngamazwi amatyala. Eminye imigaqo kufutshane yaye yintoni ekuthiwa declination, wonke umntu ukhululekile ukuba azikhethele ngokwakhe.

Affixes izibizo

Ngokusekelwe Ekuqinisekiseni ukuhla ngolwimi Russian, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba kwimeko enjalo. Bambiza ifomu lwegrama, edibanisa nayiphi isibizo ngamazwi kwezinye izigaba zentetho. Case ubonisa wowulungela ngayo kunye iinxalenye zentetho.

Kangangexesha elide inkqubo ityala liye nezisenokutshintshwa. Ngolwimi mandulo kunokuba zininzi amathandathu, njengoko ngexesha lethu, kunye namatyala ezisixhenxe. Omnye wabiza yokubiza. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iye wapheliswa, yaye ngoku ukuba abaseleyo 6.

• Nominative. A Eyonanto ibalulekileyo, ekubeni kuphela ibizwa ngokuba ngqo (ngubani?), The abanye - ngqo. Xa ukuma kwayo. pad. kuthetha ukuba kwizivakalisi. Omnye phawu wayo; likwimo okuba iinxalenye lomyinge zentetho.
• Genitive. Olu hlobo iimpendulo zemibuzo Ngubani? Ntoni? Ukunqanda uphazamiseko necala eyahlukileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba kufakwe igama abangabancedani "hayi": ikati - it. n (akukho) ikati - wazalwa. n.
• Dative. Le meko ke igama kuba iphendula imibuzo Ngubani? Ntoni? kuya kuba lula amagama Declination ukuba sifaka iwaka igama elithi "ukunika": ikati - imihla. n.
• Wesenzo. Ifom impikiswano. Kuye umbuzo efanayo kwimeko nominative bezinto ezingaphiliyo - ntoni? Noko ke, ngokunxulumene izinto eziphilileyo ukubuza ngubani? Igama elithi "akunatyala;" kodwa zithelekiswe kubo uske. . Noun, kuya kukunceda ukhumbule imithetho declination (ityala) ikati - uyaqala. n.
• Ablative. A Eyonanto ibalulekileyo. Ngubani uyayiphendula le mibuzo? Ntoni? Ukuqinisekisa gama - "ukudala": ikati - tv. pad.
• Izithetha ntonye. Ifomu, ukuphendula imibuzo malunga? Malunga ntoni? Zokunkqaya lula kufakwe igama elithi "Ndicinga": ikati - Ipropu. n.

inombolo

Sikhumbula inkqubo ityala, nto leyo ukufunda ulwimi Russian. Declination kwakhona ixhomekeke kwinani ndidi. Ngolwimi lwethu, ababini kuphela - isinye nesininzi. Phantse zonke izibizo kufuneka iifom ezimbini. Kodwa, njengawuphi na umthetho, kukho ukuxolelwa. Amanye amagama asetyenziswa kuphela ngendlela enye. Umzekelo abo kuphela nenombolo eyodwa: ilanga (kuhle, kusengqiqweni, ikhona ikopi enye), ubisi, namahlamvu, emendweni (oko ulwimi lwasemzini).

Kodwa ulwimi Russian kukuba ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuze ibe isixhobo yayo lwamagama asetyenziswa kuphela yesininzi. Umzekelo: isikere, iibhulukhwe, izibuko, iiwotshi, abantu.

Ukuhla ngolwimi Russian lungaluhlobo kweeyunithi. h no-ph. h umzekelo .:

U h. pl

Ip ncwadi, iincwadi.

RP iincwadi, iincwadi.

AM ncwadi, iincwadi.

Ce ncwadi, iincwadi.

Njl ncwadi, iincwadi.

izitanza ese incwadi ngayo iincwadi.

declension lokuqala

inkqubo declination ngolwimi Russian, njengokuba sisazi, nezibabandakanya imibutho emithathu. Ngamnye kubo uneempawu zawo. declination wokuqala iimpawu abalandelayo abkhetekileyo:

• Amagama, amagama amanye amadoda kunye nesiphelo elingcono okanye -n: malume, ndoda, utata, Vanya.
• Izibizo, nto leyo nayo ukuphela - kunye th okanye yophawulo abantu izinto zobufazi: intwasahlobo, isandla, uMakazi Anna.
• Isiphelo efanayo (- a / s) zamagama kwisini eqhelekileyo (okt ngaxeshanye abonisa abantu, oyindoda noyinkazana): crybaby, grouch, sleepyhead, ulihule.

Isampula 1 declination (imizekelo):

Ip inkwenkwe, intombazana, crybaby.

RP amakhwenkwe, amantombazana, crybaby.

AM umfana, intombazana, Memezani-Baby.

Ce umfana, intombazana, ukukhala-sana.

Njl amakhwenkwe, amantombazana, crybaby.

izitanza ese ngomfana, intombazana, ikukukhalisa-Baby.

declension yesibini

Eli qela yohlukile eziphelweni ezidlulileyo elinye kunye nohlobo kudidi. Oku kuquka:

• Izibizo ngeqanda isiphelo kwaye emalunga kumntu oyindoda ngendlela sokuqala itafile, isiphunzi somthi, isilingi, umyeni.
• amagama indoda. uhlobo, kodwa eziphela - o okanye -X: indlu encinane.
• Kubo. kwimo evumayo. kunye neziphelo - o okanye - e neuter isibhakabhaka, indawo, ulwandle, umpu.

Isampula 2 declination:

Ip Buffet, ulonwabo.

RP netafile ulonwabo.

AM netafile ulonwabo.

Ce Buffet, ulonwabo.

Njl netafile ulonwabo.

izitanza ese phezu kwetafile, ulonwabo.

declension wesithathu

Eli qela izibizo kakhulu ezizodwa. Oku kuquka igama esobukhomokazi, yaye kuphela a zero nesiphelo: mouse, eziko, ubomi, kwenzeka.

Simele sikhumbule ukuba ulawulo ebalulekileyo malunga declension wesithathu: xa igama iphela kwenye izandi sibilant, oko ngokuyimfuneko ukupela umqondiso ethambileyo (intombi Night, eziko). Musa ukubhidanisa ngazo izibizo declension yesibini nokufutha (ray ingubo, nemalanana). Baya kuba kumntu oyindoda, kwaye ngenxa yoko musani ukuba ukubhala uphawu ethambileyo ekupheleni.

Isampula 3 declination:

Ip into ebomini.

RP izinto ebomini.

AM izinto ebomini.

Ce into ebomini.

Njl into ebomini.

izitanza ese ngobomi, izinto.

Eshwankathela iziphumo ngasentla, siye sakwazi isiziba kunye declination lwezibizo. Le theyibhile ibonisa ngokucacileyo zonke ngakumbi. Funda ngocoselelo oko.

izibizo heteroclite

Ngoku siyazi ukuba kuthiwa declination yaye yintoni amagama babelwa ngamnye kubo. Kodwa asingabo bonke isakhiwo lungelelanisa kolwimi lwethu kuxhomekeke kule mithetho. Kukho izibizo, leyo wendele ukuvalwa zombini declination yokuqala neyesibini. Zibizwa ngokuba heteroclite.

Ziziphi iimpawu izibizo? Okokuqala, phantse bonke bephela kuphela -mya: ngexesha, igama, ubunzima, kunye nezinye nestibili. Kwaye ke ilizwi ndlela ngamalungu eli qela.

Okwesibini, imithetho declination heteroclite izibizo abanjalo ukuba xa utshintsha amagama kwiimeko iintlobo zonke isimamva - ene (ngaphandle Ip kunye VP): ixesha, nestibili, imbewu.

Okwesithathu, yokwehla la mazwi, sinako phawula ukuba kwi genitive, dative kunye Izithetha ntonye bathabatha isiphelo - kunye uhl-3, kwaye isisixhobo ophela -em wabonakala njengoko declension we2 ..

igama I.p, indlela.

RP igama, indlela.

AM igama, indlela.

Ce igama, indlela.

Njl igama elithetha.

izitanza ese egameni endleleni.

izibizo indeclinable

intetho yethu luhlaziywe ngokukhawuleza ngamazwi amatsha asemzini. Baye iifom declension ngolwimi Russian, kwaye ke ngoko ngokuba indeclinable.

Kweli qela fanele:

• amagama eelwimi zasemzini, kwanawezayo kuthi, evela kwezinye iilwimi kuyoze, -X, s - y: neminqiwu ingubo, Sochi, kangaroos. Kuzo zonke iimeko, baya kuba imilo enye, ngoko ke ekupheleni kwayo nje akukho ngqiqo. (Yiya ingubo, beze kangaroos, yiya Sochi.)
• Iifani eligcina ngo ko, -ago, -s: Yurchenko, Zhivago, White. (Ukuba undwendwe Kozarenko, eze oluBomvu.)
• Amagama zenziwe ngendlela shunqulelo: USSR PBX.

emsileni siqu

Nalo mxholo adityaniswe upelo oluchanekileyo koonobumba e ekupheleni izibizo. Ukuqwalasela imigaqo declension, sakwazi ukubona ukuba isiphelo, abhale amagama ambalwa:

1. declension lokuqala (ngaphandle ngenxa uhlobo n ..) Ukuze emlanjeni (dat.p.), umama (pr.p.), isihloko (dat.p.).
2. declension Okwesibini: umqadi ube mnye (pr.p.) yolwandle (pr.p.)

Ekupheleni kwale ncwadi ukubhala, ukuba gama:

1. declension Okwesithathu: emathafeni (pr.p.) ukuya ebusuku (dat.p.)
2. SQL kuqala., Ukudla azale. ayiveli: umlambo.
3. Xa amagama aphela ngo-s, s, Ia: lo iziko, ngenxa Izabelo siganeko.
4. Kwakhona heteroclite izibizo ubhale: ngendlela, malunga nexesha.

isiphelo

Emva kokufunda le mithetho elula, uya kuyazi into ebizwa declination. Musa ukubhidanisa kunye inflection kwezinye izigaba zentetho, ezifana conjugation izenzi ezo.

Funda ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuqiniseka, ngenxa yokumazi sethiyori kuxhomekeke lokufunda nokubhala lwethu pfunaka. Ukusuka kweli nqaku singakwazi afikelele kwizigqibo ezilandelayo:

• Izibizo utshintsha nje kuphela kwiimeko kodwa amanani.
• Kodwa ke kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba onke amazwi alo yinxalenye intetho endininike iindidi. Inxenye ke kubo akunako ukubhitya imiso (indeclinable) kwaye abanalo ifomu yamanani (kuphela isininzi okanye isinye).
• Ngalinye declination yahlukile, ngoko ke kufuneka ifundwe ngenyameko. Siye Wacaphula umzekelo declination lwezibizo (jonga itheyibhile).
• neziphelo Personal ezingenazo ngendlela engaqhelekanga, isiqulathi bathobele imithetho ethile. Kuxhomekeka declination nokufa iya ukubhala iileta okanye e, okanye zombini. Lo mxholo - enye nzima kakhulu ngethuba nokufunda izibizo.