Yintoni i "isakhelo"? Framework Net. "Microsoft", "isakhelo"

Maxa wambi, abasebenzisi phambili baqalisa ukuba babe nomdla yintoni i "isakhelo". Ngoko nangoko kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho nto inzima kakhulu kwaye eyoyikekayo kweli qonga. Ukususela Vista Windows inguqulelo yale nto iyinxalenye yenkqubo yonke. Kuba XP kusafuneka ukuba ufake icandelo ukuba ayikho. Kodwa musa wonqena ukukhuphela umba okanye, kungenjalo, ukuba usisuse. Yena ezizezona zona zidingekayo.

Ngenxa ubukho buchwepheshe ivela izicelo ngakumbi nangakumbi. Kwanangaphambi yokulanda abaqhubi eziyimfuneko ukuze ATI ikhadi Ividiyo efakiweyo Net Framework. Ukuba medium ayifumaneki, kuya kuvela umyalezo wemposiso ngexesha izicelo kwisiqalo. Ubukho a candelo yinto ebaluleke kakhulu nanjengoko WinAPI, ngaphandle apho nkqubo ayikho. Kweli nqaku, siza kuqwalasela yintoni i "isakhelo".

Ukuze siqonde ingqiqo jikelele

Yintoni i "isakhelo"? Lo mgangatho ukhona ehlangene kwinkqubo exhasa indalo kunye nokubulawa ngaxeshanye izicelo ezitsha kunye neeNkonzo XML-Web.

Inguqulelo yokuqala yakhululwa ngo-2002. Le iqonga waphuhliswa esekelwe kwiinjongo ezithile.

Eyokuqala into nokuqinisa a esihlanganyelweyo aphikisane-ebomini bume yophuhliso web. Le kwenziwe ukugcinwa athathwa kwingingqi kunye nophumezo kweekhowudi into efihlakeleyo, isasazwe kwi Internet. Kuyenzeka ukwenza kude imisebenzi.

Okwesibini, ukubonelela yendawo nekhowudi enciphisa impixano xa zisebenzisa software nokulawula kweenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo. Kufuneka ube isiqinisekiso uphumezo ekhuselekileyo imithetho, kuquka nezo ezabhalwa abenzi wabo okanye wesithathu wesithathu.

Okwesithathu: isiqinisekiso ukuphunyezwa iikhowudi bume ngaphandle iingxaki yokusebenza ekuphumezeni scripting okanye imibhalo efihlakeleyo evakalayo.

Ezinye iindawo komgangatho kuphuhliso

injongo Okwesine: ukunika imigaqo esimanyeneyo oqhagamshelwano phakathi iinkqubo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo izicelo kunye nokwandiswa online Windows.

Okwesihlanu: ukwakha ubuhlobo esekelwe imboni standard, ngokubonelela elimanyeneyo iqonga ikhowudi kunye nezinye neekhowudi.

ezona zinto zibalulekileyo

Yenziwe ngu "Microsoft", "isakhelo" iquka ilayibrari yeklasi kunye Common Ulwimi zexesha (CLR). By the yokugqibela senzelwa i-arhente, elawula khowudi ngexesha kuphumezo lwazo nokunikezela ezinye iinkonzo ezisisiseko (iinkonzo zolawulo lokugcina, ekuhambeni kunye remoting).

Iimeko ezisisiseko isicelo ukuchwetheza olomeleleyo ufihlo lokukhangela kupela ezahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokungabikho lokungaphumeleli. Imeko sokusebenza idaliwe kuba neekhowudi yolawulo.

Enye yingxam engundoqo platform ilayibrari yeklasi. Kuyinto into ebomini ingqokelela epheleleyo ntlobo asetyenziswe ekudalweni lezicelo, ukusuka umgangatho, ukuvulwa esivela kwilayini yakho yomyalelo okanye GUI yomsebenzisi, kunye nezixhobo ukugqibezela usebenzisa iteknoloji ASP.NET izakhono ezintsha, ezifana XML, iinkonzo Web, kunye Web Forms.

intsebenziswano izakhi

Ngenxa yoko, i-bume CLR kunye ilayibrari yeklasi enxibelelene ne-educational software kunye nenkqubo yonke. Ngoko ke, umsebenzisi akanokukwazi ozakusebenza isicelo ngaphandle iqonga eyenziwa ezi zinto.

Kokusebenza kwe-CLR

Le elementi eqongeni linoxanduva inkumbulo, ngomsonto kubulawa, kwaye iitsheki ikhowudi yokhuseleko abhaliweyo cipher, kuqulunqo, kunye nezinye iinkonzo nkqubo. Ezi zixhobo kuthiwa lwangaphakathi. Basonta ikhowudi yokuba ubaleka CLR.

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, amacandelo ziye zabelwa kumanqanaba trust ahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka imvelaphi (okudalwe Internet, kwishishini okanye network computer wendawo). Uyakwazi ukwenza okanye ukukhubaza ukukwazi ukwenza element elawulwa zeentsebenzo, ezifana nokufikelela irejistri, ufikelelo iifayile kunye neminye imisebenzi. Eli nyathelo kuliwa, nokuba ikhowudi kusetyenziswa nasiphi na isicelo esebenzayo. Access ithi iqinisekise ukuba sokusebenza.

kuqalwe Sample

Umzekelo, umsebenzisi akanokukwazi uthembe isicelo iyasebenza, kwiphepha web eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, ukudlala odiyo okanye oopopayi, bemkhanyela ufikelelo iifayile zobuqu okanye umsebenzi womnatha. Ngenxa yokhuseleko CLR features lokwenene ezifakwe kwi-software Internet ufumana iimpawu sisityebi.

Ukuphelisa iimpazamo isicelo kunokwenzeka

Izibonelelo ezichanekileyo ukuchwetheza ngetshekhi codes, ekuthiwa CTS, ukusebenza nge bume uphumezo eliqinisekisa ukuthembeka ebhaliweyo cipher. Ngenxa nkqubo onjalo ibonelelwa self-inkcazo yazo zonke izinto. Abadibanisi ulwimi olwahlukileyo Microsoft kunye nababhali abazimeleyo edalwe ezilawulwa ikhowudi. Siyafana yenkqubo eziqhelekileyo iindidi zeefayile. Le ikhowudi kwakhona kuthatha ezinye iimeko alawulwa. Ngelo xesha nye uqinisekisa ukuchwetheza olomeleleyo.

Ngenxa yobukho imeko sokusebenza elawulwa akubandakanyi iimpazamo ezininzi phinda software. Umzekelo, izinto ukwasikhombisa kubo zibekwe kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zizakususwa xa singasetyenziswa. Ezi nkqubo olawula ngokuzenzekela sokusebenza okhankanywe ngaphambili. ulawulo inkumbulo ezinjalo ishenxisa ezinye iingxaki ezixhaphakileyo: memory ezivuzayo kunye links ezaphukileyo kuyo.

ukwanda kwemveliso

Ngenxa yendawo ye kwandisa ukusebenza developers. Umzekelo, badwelisi benkqubo bangasebenzisa zalo eziluncedo xa ubhala izicelo ngolwimi oqhelekileyo kubo. Developers zamathala olufikelelekayo kweeklasi kunye namacandelo. Nokuba izinto zibhalwa ngolunye ulwimi, badwelisi benkqubo baya kuba nako ukuyisebenzisa bona. Umsebenzi isetyenziswa abenzi ezininzi abacwangcisi, zokufikelela bume sokusebenza le. Ngenxa kule iqonga kuthetha kwenziwa zifumaneke ikhowudi ezikhoyo ezibhalwe ngeelwimi efanelekileyo, kwaye inkqubo yokufudukela wadala kwezicelo lula kakhulu.

ehambelanayo

indawo loSetyenziso wadala izixhobo elizayo. Noko ke, oko kuxhaswa izicelo ezibhaliweyo ngaphambili. Ngenxa impefumlelwano ilawulwa kwaye olungalawulwayo ikhowudi ababhekisi phambili bangasebenzisa amacandelo COM eyimfuneko imiba dll.

Le sokusebenza kwandisa imveliso. Inika uluhlu lweenkonzo web eqhelekileyo. ikhowudi Ezilawulwa ngaxeshanye ndawo bangaze evakalayo. Yena uvumelekile ukubaleka kulwimi kumatshini PC ithetha ngokucelwa kuqulunqo (JIT). Kuba imveliso yelizwe ngexesha umphathi memory ishenxisa ithuba eqhekekileyo yayo kwaye yandisa inani elipheleleyo.

Framework Net ilayibrari yeklasi

Luqokelelo iindidi ezihlangeneyo ngokusondeleyo CLR. into ebomini Class Library. Yeendidi iinkonzo ezilawulwa ikhowudi umsebenzisi kudla ilifa imisebenzi. Oku lula umsebenzi kwaye kunciphise ixesha elichithwa kuphuhliso lwezixhobo platform entsha. Ukongeza, xa ababhali ezizimeleyo iziqalelo ngokulula zidityaniswe kunye neeklasi eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi. Ngokomzekelo, inxalenye kwiqonga yokuqokelela iseti lwenjongano ingasetyenziswa kuphuhliso kumacandelo siko. Ezi Iiklasi kulula ukudibanisa nge eyakhelwe.

ukubulawa iinkqubo

Ngenxa uhlobo iqonga bebenoyilungisa imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ezifana nokuqokelela uqhagamshelwano idatha kwisistim ingcaciso, ufikelelo iifayile ezahlukeneyo, ukusebenza strings. Ukongezelela, abaninzi kubo ukuxhasa le meko zophuhliso ezizodwa kakhulu. Umzekelo, iqonga kusetyenziswa ukwenza le software console, iinkonzo Web, iinkonzo Windows, iinkqubo kunye mfanekiso ujongano lomsebenzisi, ngokunjalo izicelo WPF, Asp.Net, Wcf, WF.

ikhowudi wesithathu

Yintoni i "isakhelo" ye ngumbhali ozimeleyo? Le sayithi sikhokelo, ukuthintela wokususa kwakhona lokubhalwa ukuphindaphinda amacandelo ngeprojekthi projekthi. Ugxininiso oluphambili ivuliwe logic. Nabani ejongene nophuhliso web ixesha elithile, iyafumaneka kuyo nayiphi na iiklasi zokupheka, esetyenziswa kweeprojekthi zabo. Loo iseti ziilayibrari kubizwa ngokuba "isakhelo". Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo wenkqubo uqala ukuqonda ukuba ikhowudi ubudala abunokwanezisa, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuba uzenze kwakhona. Kodwa ngoku ungagcina ixesha ngokusebenzisa ngaphambili ebhaliweyo ngababhekisi abanamava "sikhokelo."

Php- «framework»

Yinto isixhobo ngokumangalisayo luncedo. Ngenxa kuye, Filipi-izicelo zakhiwa kwaye zigcinwe kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunegalelo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, structured uphuhliso web.

uhlobo

Yii- «sikhokelo» sisixhobo ukwenza Web2.0-izicelo. version Release waqhutyelwa ngoDisemba 2008. Enyanisweni, lo-kuqala Php- «sikhokelo». Ngelo xesha wakhululwa eninzi ikhowudi efanayo, kodwa Yii umdla omkhulu. It wadalwa ngumbhali of "sikhokelo» Prado. ukusebenza Yii eliphezulu. Yena PHP5-isebenzisane ngokupheleleyo "isakhelo" nakhelwe phezu MVC kwesakhiwo. Yii kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ihlelwe kakuhle.

Javascript «iZiseko": ukwahluka

Xa ekuphuhliseni izicelo web (ukuba mazingabhidaniswa sites kunye UI interactive) umsebenzisi kufuneka zizakhele i "ivili", kuqala yahlukanisa ulwazi ukusuka isicelo UI-inxalenye, uze nokumisela umntu onoxanduva intsebenziswano yabo. Ngoko, kungekudala emva koko, lo wenkqubo uqalisa ukukhangela izisombululo esele zenziwe ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kwala macandelo. Lungisa le ngxaki inceda Javascript «sikhokelo». Uye ezingaphezu kwama-30 esiXhoseni.

Jquery - yinto eyenza umdla Js- «sikhokelo», enomtsalane kalula yokuqonda kunye namathuba ukusetyenziswa kakuhle. Kutshanje, kuye kakhulu zithandwa. Jquery- «Framework" liye functionality kakhulu ephucukileyo. Kuba wadala eninzi lweplagi kunye nemiyalelo. abathungi web makhwelo lula ukufunda Jquery. Ngako oko kusetyenziswa ngakumbi rhoqo.