Isithukuthezi grillage lesiseko: iteknoloji, ukubala

Foundation nesithukuthezi ne grillage igqalwa enye inokuthenjwa yaye iindleko ayikho kubiza kakhulu. Loo isakhiwo zingafakwa ngokuzimeleyo. Kakade ke, kuya kufuneka ukuba ingcamango malunga nokusebenza nobuchwepheshe umsebenzi onjalo. Kufuneka ube pre-ukuvelisa zonke izibalo eziyimfuneko. Kuko konke oku ntetho kamva kweli nqaku.

Nokuba kuyimfuneko ukuhlela isiseko ndidikwe

Isiseko indlu le hlobo sikholisa ukusetyenziselwa kwimimandla ingxaki - Amathafa okanye kumathambeka. Kwimihlaba abaqhelekileyo lula yaye kuxabise abeke iziseko estrip eqhelekileyo. Kakhulu grillage ongathembekanga ezenziwe ipleyiti. Kwezinye iimeko, njengoko tape yokugqibela ifakiwe. Kakade ke, lo wokuqala ukhetho kuya kuba imali eninzi kakhulu.

imihlathi yokubala

Kakade ke, phambi kokuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo ezifana isiseko imfumba ndidikwe, kuyimfuneko ukuba kuzo zonke izibalo eziyimfuneko. Okokuqala, kunye nemali emiselwe yi zezibonda. Le rate ixhomekeke ubunzima bendlu kwaye umlinganiselo kuyo. Isibaluli yesibini yokuqingqa inani lwemihlathi efunekayo, enyanisweni, ubukhulu babo. I aphezulu ke, imfuneko ziimfumba ngaphantsi. Ngenxa yoko, column sangqa 300 mm ekwaziyo withstanding umthwalo ka 1700 kg. unqwabelana abanjalo zingasetyenziswa ukwakhiwa wagawulwa, bruschatyh okanye isakhelo izakhiwo. Phantsi izakhiwo enzima ngezitena okanye onogumbe ukufaka zitsho ezinamandla ngakumbi - 500 mm. Ukuba uyakwazi ukumelana ubunzima 5000 kg kakade. Ubunzima kwikhaya elizayo wamcacisela kwabantu bonke eziyimfuneko izinto zalo zokwakha. Ngoko ke, ukubala inani yezikhala akunzima. Kakade ke, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba add isiphumo mzobo kunye nokutha grillage.

Xa wenziwe kakuhle izibalo ukuze bafumane isiseko oluthembekileyo. unqwabelana nesithukuthezi nge isihlenga - isiseko ixesha elide ngokwenene. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwenzela ukuba kube kwenzeke ngoko ufuna yonke into ukubala ngokuchanekileyo izithuba phakathi kweentsika. Xa kukhethwa umgama phakathi ziimfumba kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba kufuneka ngaphezu ezintathu ngobubanzi babo. Oko kukuthi, umzekelo, umgama ubuninzi phakathi zitsho 500 mm - kunye iimitha enesiqingatha.

yokubala grillage

Bala Ipharamitha tape isakhiwo ezifana isiseko imfumba ndidikwe, ilula kwakhona. ububanzi balo kufuneka ilingane iintsika kwicandelo emnqamlezweni. Kwakhona, xa ukhetha olu khetho, ahlawule ingqalelo Ebubanzini iindonga. kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe lwabo ngaphezu 1/3 nobubanzi Grillage. Le ezimanyeneyo tape iyafakwa ngendlela yokuba ingqamana ezimanyeneyo eludongeni. Ukuba ulwakhiwo ukukhanya, grillage ukuphakama kufuneka ilingane ububanzi bayo okanye ngaphezulu kancinci. Le tape kumlungele na isakhelo isiseko kunye log izindlu. ukuphakama Grillage phantsi izakhiwo enzima - ngezitena okanye ikonkhriti - kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-1.5 ubukhulu bayo ububanzi.

yokubala nokuqiniswa

Kakade ke, kukudika isiseko grillage kufuneka kuqiniswe ifreyim yesinyithi. Ihlamvu isakhiwo yaye inkulu izithuba phakathi amathumba, ethembeke ngakumbi kukuba kufanelekile. Lwalo kangangoko ukuba isakhelo ingqalelo intonga iintsika 12 mm. Eziphathekayo diameter ezincinane ayikwazi zingasetyenziswa isiseko. Ngokutsho SNP, kukho metal bahlelwe kufuneka iqulathe ubuncinane 0.1% of ummandla ogcweleyo. rebar wokubopha yenziwe wire okhethekileyo. isakhelo welding, ngokuba isiseko akunakwenzeka.

Isiseko yeprojekthi wokwakha

Ngoko ke, ukubala yenziweyo isiseko benesithukuthezi. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka bazobe imifanekiso. Le projekthi iza kufuneka ziquke icebo lakhe (ngaphezulu), kunye umzobo cross-yecandelo. Ngezi manani kunzima ukwenza impazamo ekwakhiweni kwendlu. Le projekthi iza kufuneka ibandakanye ipleyiti kunye nazo zonke izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze bephosa brand yabo, iinkcukacha kunye nobungakanani.

ukubulawa lokumakishela

Ngoko ke, zonke izibalo ezenziweyo. Lifikile ixesha uqala ukugcwalisa. Phantsi pre-eweva kunye isiseko isihlenga into zokumakisha. Kulo mzekelo, indlela elula ukusebenzisa indlela kanxantathu "baseYiputa". Pre-ukuphawulwa emhlabeni ezimbombeni zaso ezimbini yesakhiwo elizayo phezu kodonga elide. Ngaphezu koko, xa intambo amaqhina abotshelelweyo kuyo (kwi-3, 4, no-5 m) ezinye engile ezimbini. Squareness bahlolwe idayagonali. Emva koko kuwagxotha iimbombo kwezibonda kunye ukutsala nomtya ecaleni aya isiseko elizayo ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Qaphela imfuno kunye indawo ezivuzayo kwixesha elizayo.

earthwork

Foundation phezu kwemoto ndidikwe kufuneka zihlelwe ngokungqinelana nemithetho ethile. Komgodi phantsi iintsika bemba zonke iiengile yesakhiwo, kwakunye ekudibaneni beendonga ngaphakathi. Ubunzulu yamakariti kuxhomekeka kumgangatho yovalo lomhlaba. Xa ukwakha isiseko phantsi ndlu izandla zakhe bangcwabe iingcali bacebisa kungekho ngaphantsi kwe 1.5-2 m. Kulo mzekelo, amanqanaba ngqele indawo omhlaba ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kudlule. Umsebenzi unokwenziwa borer egadini. Xa kunjalo, ukuba umhlaba engumgxobhozo kwisiza, ngomhla emazantsi amaqula kufuneka ugalele isanti umaleko Ebubanzini ubuncinane-5 cm.

Ukufakelwa formwork esisigxina kunye unyanzeliso

Ngoko ukususa ukulungele. Yintoni elandelayo? Isithukuthezi isihlenga isiseko ngezandla zakhe idla ngokwenziwa kwi kwimibhobho. Emhlabeni okubi phantsi izibonda kufuneka isetyenziswe iimveliso zesinyithi. Kuba tight kufanelekile nekhadibhodi iityhubhu, kodwa ngokuyimfuneko buzane ngebhitumene zemastic okanye oyile inkunkuma. Kwakhona wayedla inguqulelo yawo-asbestos. formwork elingaphezu komhlaba kufuneka avuke ukuya moya kwinqanaba elifanayo. Xa ukusebenzisa isiseko sale hlobo kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba isiseko isihlenga emhlabeni ukuze axoke okanye akazukuyibamba akufanele. Umgama ukusuka ezantsi layo ukuya kumphezulu kumhlaba oyisanti kufuneka ubuncinane-5 cm, distending - 10 cm.

Xa formwork ifakiwe, oko bewuhlisele nokubethelela iintonga eziqhagamshelene nezibambi metal ngokwemizuzu imitha enye. Ngaphezu yamakariti, kufuneka avuke nge 10-15 cm. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze enze kamva inyanda izibonda rebar kunye nezilinganisi grillage.

ngokuzalisa izithuba

Umxube eziphathekayo zokwenza njengeemfumba ndidikwe ezenziwe isamente kwibakala eliphezulu (ekukhethwa M400) nesanti enkulu kuhluzwa ngaphandle ubumdaka komgquba ngokomlinganiselo 1: 3. Bay emele ityhubhu eziliqela isisombululo imhlabe siwagxobhagxobhe esibondeni okanye intonga ukususa imigodi. Ngoko yenza logama nje formwork Sizaliswa ngokupheleleyo. A iintonga nokuqiniswa komhlaba ngokwaneleyo ashinyeneyo ungancamathisela ngqo le mithi.

zitsho iqhosha lemenyu

Ukuba oyifunayo, ngexesha lethu, iindleko zabasebenzi kungakuncinane kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuba ngaba ufuna ukuchitha ixesha ukugalelwa imihlathi eziphathekayo, thenga nje zitsho metal Screw esele zenziwe. Ujije kwabo emhlabeni kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngaphandle nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa. Kakade ke, lo msebenzi kufuneka ihlangane abantu abambalwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ababini ngokufaka umgqala kwindawo kwiindawo zokubeka yimfumba, ziqinisiwe zibe emhlabeni. Umntu wesithathu ilawula izinga verticality. Kakade ke, ungasebenzisa le ndlela kuphela kwiindawo hayi lengxondorha kakhulu.

Le fowuni grillage

Qhuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo efana isiseko isihlenga ndidikwe, lisakheka ngezandla zakhe, bephosa iiteyiphu. Phantsi kunokwenzeka ukwenza formwork ezantsi. Kodwa njengokuba grillage kwi iziseko ezinjalo kunqabile ukuba phezulu kakhulu ngaphezu komhlaba, onokuyenza lula. Phantsi ezantsi kwayena nje isanti kunye bayilungisa ukusuka phezulu ukuze ufumane njengeqonga yonke ubude tape ikamva ngokwaneleyo ububanzi. Kwi kubangela "bottom", qiniseka ukuba abeke isiqwenga izinto zokuxhoma uphahla. Kungenjalo amanzi avela isisombululo iya shi esantini. Asemacaleni formwork eqhelekileyo efakiweyo.

Xa nolwakho elilandelayo inyathelo obegalelwe ngayo ubukhulu-5 cm. Xa iya ukumbamba, kunokuba ube ukulungele ukufaka ebuhlanti nokuqinisa. Kufuneka ezinxulumene ngeentonga zentsimbi ning'ong'oza yezikhala. Ngaphezu koko, lo formwork ibhuqiwe eziphathekayo. Xa bephosa tape kwakunye igoqo ukuba ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha esibondeni okanye bamhlabileyo nefolokhwe.

Isigaba sokugcina

Ngoko kokuba uzifakile isiseko kukudika grillage. Ithekhinoloji ekwakhiweni kwayo, njengoko sibonile, nto ibonakala ngcono. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwenzela ukufumana isiseko kunokwenzeka ukuba indlu, kufuneka wenze enye into.

Isibini iintsuku susa formwork ukusuka tape. Sand kungcono ukushiya ubuncinane ngeveki. Zingadlulanga iintsuku ezilishumi elinesine emva isiseko kuya kufuneka amaxesha ngamaxesha ogalelwe ngamanzi ukuyenza ivele neentanda ezibalulekileyo. Ukuze sime emhlabeni phantsi ndlu kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe ngenyanga. Kungenxa xesha inzuzo eziphathekayo amandla aneleyo.

Ngaphambi kokuqalisa phezu kodonga wamatye okanye ibandla, qiniseka ukuba kutywinwe i tape ngeengcamba ezimbini engumxube nophahla, qhiwu Musiqisi lwabo yemastic.

Njengoko ubona, bathele isakhiwo ezifana isiseko isihlenga kuhamba Nngokobuchwepheshe - kulula. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuthobela zonke iingcebiso kwaye usebenzise izixhobo zokwakha ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Kulo mzekelo, wenqwelwana ekhuselekileyo, kunye nesakhiwo iya kuma phezu kwayo eminyaka.