Imbonakalo-mfanekiso yeprogram

Xa Xerox Corporation waqalisa ujongano lomsebenzisi womzobo kuqala ye computer yakho Alto, ngokuqinisekileyo kwakukho abagxeki amaninzi isigqibo yayibonakala ezitenxileyo. Ngaphambi kokuba iikhompyutha ukoyika abasebenzisi ayinalo "intaka" yayo ulwimi umgca wemiyalelo malunga nayiphi idrophu isiyobisi n okanye ingongoma kwaye nqakraza, nkqu intetho ibingeyiyo, kwaye lonke unxibelelwano kunye umatshini lwaqhutywa engena imiyalelo ukususela keyboard yi.

Kodwa watshintsha kakhulu xa abadlali abaphambili kwi IT ngexesha yemarike (kwakunjalo 70s kwinkulungwane yokugqibela) babeqinisekile ukuba ujongano lomsebenzisi graphic - ukuba nje lula umsebenzi ziingcali amagcisa, kodwa indlela enkulu wayezizuzisa computer iteknoloji abasebenzisi bangaqeqeshwanga. Ubafundise kwinguqulelo PC yale kuba lula kakhulu. Ngoko ke, kujongano lomzobo kumane fyabo, eyaqala ukwenza imarike computer ehlabathini. Omnye kusho ukuba ucinga ntoni Kwakuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba akukho namnye ucinge kuyo yonke isisombululo ngoku ezicacileyo.

Ngoko ke yintoni a GUI? Le yindlela eya basebenzisane umatshini yabantu, apho endaweni imiyalelo evela izenzo lawule ibhodi yezitshixo lwenziwa yi isixhobo ekhethekileyo (engaqhubi ngokubanzi mouse indima yalo). Incoko isekelwe phezu ukusetyenziswa menu, iifestile, kunye namaqhosha, iiphaneli ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izinto.

Ngokwengcamango engqongqo "yekhompyutha" - umlamleli, umsebenzi wakhe - ukubonisa zonke iinkalo eziqalelo OS kunye nolawulo ngendlela eqondakalayo kubantu ifomu graphic. Umzekelo, kwi-Windows interface lulula kakhulu kwaye lula ukuqonda indlela kunokwenzeka kwi siseko, kodwa ukuqonda nezo balo bayakwazi ngamnye.

Ukuba ukulawula ikhompyutha nge mouse, kufuneka sibe izenzo ezikhoyo ezifana:

- nqakraza - okukodwa nge ekhohlo iqhosha le mouse kwi interface element;

- ekunene nqakraza - ngonqakrazo olunye sasekunene qhosha okanye isici;

- ngonqakrazo kabini - nqakraza kabini ngokucacileyo kwi main (idla ekhohlo) iqhosha le mouse kunye elona xesha lincinane phakathi konqakrazo kabini;

- utsalo nolahlo (utsalo nolahlo) - ihamba izinto usebenzisa isakhiwo kubo isalathisi se mouse kwaye ngokunqakraza iqhosha ekhohlo uze ubambe lonke ixesha yento basuswe.

Kuphantsi kweziphi izinto wohlulwe Windows GUI?

Okokuqala zonke - nto desktop yakho. Xa OS ulayishiwe, sibona Desk, yonke imifanekiso ezimfutshane kwiinkqubo kulala ngalo. Zonke ezi festile ziyavulwa phezulu kwayo.

Icons. Nayiphi na ifayile, inkqubo, okanye uxwebhu kwi Windows eboniswe i icon. Ukwenziwa ucwangciso kabini ngokunqakraza-ekunene kwi icon. Kwaye usebenzise inkqubo kungenziwa akhiwe kwi desktop, kwaye efihliweyo nzulu kakhulu, ngoko ukusebenza ukususela emfutshane ukuba lokubonelela eboniswe kwi desktop.

Mark - nto i icon ukuba nangona inkqubo wona, kodwa uyazi apho igcinwe kwaye uyakwazi ukwalatha kule ndawo. Iibheji, ngokungafaniyo iilebhile azinazo utolo kwi kwikona esezantsi ekhohlo. Cofa kabini indlela emfutshane, thina silubaleke inkqubo lula xa unqakraza icon yayo.

Ibar - isiqwenga elide ikhona, ngokuqhelekileyo ezantsi (efumaneka ephezulu, ekhohlo okanye ekunene, ngendlela efunwa lomsebenzisi) of the screen. Kuyo uyakwazi ukufumana i 'Qala "iqhosha, iwotshi kunye iielementi zegrafiki ukuba ukubonisa iinkqubo ukuba isebenza ngoku kwi computer.

Kwaye ke element ubalulekileyo apho GUI Windows bafunde - window, ngenxa yokuba zonke iinkqubo ezifunekayo ukuze ibaleke window.

Nangona ngesiphumo mpikiswano eqhubekayo malunga ngubani Microsoft abolekwe into ethile uyilo okanye yonke ingcamango uhlobo interface ezafumana igama "Windows", nangona kunjalo, oku OS iye othandwa kakhulu ehlabathini. Makhe zonke izisombululo interface ezingundoqo, nto leyo ziyaphunyezwa kuwo, zaye laliqulunqwe kwakude kudala 1970 iinjineli Xerox. Kodwa Japanese akukho khulula PC yabo ehlabathini, mda lamaqhosha amawaka ambalwa ukusetyenziswa kwakhe, ngoxa abanye, kuquka Apple kunye Microsoft, ndiqalile ukuphuhlisa le entsha ingxenye emarikeni.