Yintoni buciko omkhulu

Kwizikolo namhlanje, abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo bafundiswa isifundo esibalulekileyo kakhulu yaye kuyimfuneko, enomxholo othi "World Art neNkcubeko". Ikhosi MCC ifundisa abafundi malunga obukhulu izakhiwo kunye emihle ukusuka kudala ukuya namhlanje. Le nkqubo iquka icandelo nokuzoba omkhulu. Naye thina jonga ngoku ngakumbi.

Yintoni buciko omkhulu?

Eli candelo ezizodwa zobugcisa ocoliweyo, apho yeplastiki okanye nomthwalo umsebenzi lwesemantiki bokwakha, kwakunye nokubaluleka kunye nokubaluleka isiqulatho lomqondo. Igama elithi "omkhulukazi 'sisuka moneo Latin, elithetha" ukukhumbuza ". Ayimangalisi loo nto, kuba olu hlobo art - omnye omdala emhlabeni.

Imbali art omkhulukazi

Iingcambu olu hlobo izakhiwo nokupeyinta ebuyela kuluntu kwakudala. nje abantu bamandulo bafunda ukuba njani, ukuthantamisa kuqhutyelwa iminwe amalahle, kodwa imisebenzi yabo yokudweba omkhulu phezu kweendonga nomqolomba sele emangalisayo. Kakade ke, ukuba waziqaba ukuthantamisa, intabalala imibala wayengekho, kodwa ngoku ingqondo. Yena ukuba sishumayele ebantwini basendaleni malunga amandla endalo, ubomi bakho, izakhono ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke iindonga mqolomba zazihonjiswe kunye imiboniso ezahlukeneyo ukususela umphefumlo womntu eyayingekaphuhli: zemigodi omkhulu, lo mfazi omhle emqolombeni, imidaniso isiko ngeenxa umlilo, yaye abaninzi, nabanye abaninzi.

uluntu lwasekuqaleni wanika indlela eya ihlabathi lamandulo, kwaye kukho umsebenzi omkhulu nabo wafumana indawo yayo. E Egypt yamandulo, le lwezobugcisa sithandwa kakhulu kwaye akuhloniphe. Le nto SPHINX esekhona kunye iiphiramidi waseYiputa sithi. Kwi-Renaissance kwakukho nokugqama izakhiwo omkhulu. It wazalwa yobuciko ezifana oqingqiweyo kaDavide, ekupeyinteni "I Creation ka Adam", ngokunjalo nokupeyinta kwisilingi le Sistine Chapel. Yonke le misebenzi yingqondi ixesha lakhe - uMichelangelo Buonarroti.

Ngasekupheleni 20 zobugcisa kwenkulungwane ye-19 nasekuqaleni phezu ngendlela entsha. Indlela uthandwayo ngoko 'mihla' yaye ziboniswe kule ubuchule, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba imisebenzi ezininzi omkhulukazi bathwalwa ngaphandle kweli cala. Oku kuye ngakumbi ngayo womzobo kwaye kubonakaliswe imisebenzi amagcisa ezifana M. Vrubel, uMaurice Denis kunye nabanye. Kodwa iye awalityelwanga kwaye bokwakha, ngeli xesha umsebenzi onjalo njengokuba abakroli A. Bourdelle kunye A. Maillol. Izandla zabo odale inkoliso yemisebenzi kwi uhlobo Umfanekiso omkhulu, leyo esizithandayo neendinyana unanamhla.

Enkulu kunye nokwamkelwa olu hlobo ubuciko kwi-USSR. Ilizwe iSoviet yamsukela izicwangciso Napoleonic, kunye zesikhumbuzo kunye neziseko kwakunye kunokwenzeka ukubonakalisa izimvo zalo. Isimanga, ngifuna ukuba phezulu esibhakabhakeni eqingqiweyo ibonisa isibindi kunye Inkalipho abasebenzi ngelo xesha.

Imizekelo yalo hlobo art

Oku kuquka zombini imisebenzi zokwakha kunye kufanekisela. art omkhulu kuquka amibala-bala, imizobo, izikhumbuzo kwengeniso ekroliweyo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokwenziwa zokuhombisa, iglasi nebala ... kunye nemithombo. Ngoku ungabona indlela oku kuquka imisebenzi yobugcisa. Yiloo nto ehlabathini lonke ukudala amawaka lwembali, apho iiphaneli banconywa bako, kwengeniso kunye ekroliweyo yezithunywa zaphawula ezahlukeneyo kunye nezizukulwana.

A iindidi zemisebenzi

Nazi iindidi ezimbini zomsebenzi wokudala iquka sculpture nobugcisa. ukupeyinta omkhulu bokuhombisa idla ezahlukeneyo panels, imizobo eludongeni, imikrolo, kunye nabanye. Bakhonza bephela njengezivatho yokusingqongileyo kwaye usoloko inxalenye yayo nayiphi na lomculo, njengoko inxalenye yayo ebalulekileyo. Womzobo omkhulu ukwahlula ezahlukahlukeneyo Ubuchule: ngomfanekiso, iglasi anegazi, emihle, njl Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba umzobo omkhulu kubekwe phezu ngokukodwa wadala zedizayini yakhe qho bokwakha okanye ezingenakususwa.

Ixesha eSoviet Union kunye nohlobo bobuchule

art omkhulu iye kakhulu kwi-USSR. Oku kunegalelo kuphuhliso incasa obugcisa, akhuliswe ngayo, iimvakalelo yokuziphatha ubuzwe ukuba kwilizwe lakhe. Oku kucebisa ngokweemvakalelo, ngokunika naye emehlweni iinkumbulo ayilibale eliya kuhlala entliziyweni yam kunye iintliziyo abantwana kunye nabantu abadala. art omkhulu nobuntu semvelo Soviet kunye umbutho yokuluka. Imisebenzi yobugcisa kunye lwezakhiwo, kwenziwe ngendlela isimbo esifanelekileyo, inokufumaneka yonke: kufuphi nezikolo zabantwana abancinane eziguqulweyo, imizi-mveliso kunye neepaki. Sakwazi ukwakha zesikhumbuzo, nkqu iindawo ezininzi engaqhelekanga.

Olu hlobo bobuchule yandile emva Oktobha Revolution, xa wakha ilizwe elitsha kunye nemithetho emitsha, imiyalelo kunye socialism. Kungelo xesha imisebenzi omkhulukazi zobugcisa wafumana ingqalelo eyodwa ngabantu. Zonke ngabapeyinti, abakroli, abayili, angxamele wambu ukudala wobugcisa yobugcisa omkhulu, ukubonisa ukuba iye yatshintsha ixesha, wangena ubomi obutsha, indlela entsha ekhaya, izinto ezintsha kwinzululwazi ifom entsha zobugcisa.

umsebenzi ongenakufa

Enye imisebenzi esimnandi kakhulu baloo maxesha yaba Umfanekiso omkhulu wokwakha ngu Vera Mukhina "Umsebenzi kunye Collective Girl Farm", Liquka umsebenzi onzima kunye ubuqhawe yabantu Soviet. History of the na elaa litye lithe umdla kakhulu kwaye ulwazi. Ngowe-1936, siye wagqiba kulwakhiwo Ibhotwe qumrhu, encotsheni eyayiza kuba lesikhumbuzo "I-Indaba yoMsebenzi kunye Farm Mfazi Collective". Ukudala Ufakelo oqingqiweyo ukhethe magcisa aphambili, baba phakathi kunye Vera Mukhina. Emsebenzini anikwa iinyanga ezimbini waza wathi loo mfanekiso kufuneka kudibanisa amanani amabini - Umsebenzi kunye Farm Collective. Uluvo efanayo nomkroli ezine eyenziwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo. figure umntu wema ezolileyo kwaye kuphole, umntu phezu koko, ngobudlongodlongo indulumbane phambili ngokungathi uzama yogqithe umntu. Muhina Vera Ignatevna Kuphela zifakwe kumsebenzi ingongoma yakhe, uqalile kodwa ayikagqitywa intshukumo. Nantso umsebenzi wakhe, yaye yavunywa yi-Commission. Ngoku ke lesikhumbuzo "Umsebenzi kunye Collective Farm Girl" nto ebuyiselwayo.

ukupeyinta omkhulu: imizekelo

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, olu hlobo art enemvelaphi yayo kumaxesha amandulo. Nalapho ke udale imizobo eqaqambileyo phezu kweendonga umqolomba, obonisa inkqubo kuzingela, izithethe zamandulo kunye nabanye.

ukupeyinta omkhulu bokuhombisa yohlulwe iintlobo:

• Eqatywe. Lo mfanekiso wadala kwi udaka ekrwada iintlobo ezininzi inks ezithi zivela kombala ngohlobo umgubo. Xa womise ifilimu yepeyinti yakheke, olukhusela umsebenzi ukusuka ibe nempembelelo yangaphandle.
• KaMosisi. Umfanekiso wazibeka phezu kobuso ziikhowudi ezincinane ngeglasi okanye amatye bebala.
• Tempera. Abhalwa yale uhlobo odweba ezenziwe imvelaphi mbala imifuno exutywe iqanda okanye ibhotolo. Njengoko ngomfanekiso lusetyenziswa udaka umanzi.
• glass namabala. Ngokufanayo kaMosisi, njengoko kubekiwe ngamaqhekeza eglasi. Umahluko kukuba ezi ziqwenga spikes oqhagamshelwano phakathi, kwaye imveliso wayigqiba obekwe kwi window lokuvula.

Imisebenzi idumileyo umzobo omkhulu - ngomfanekiso Feofana Greka, umz icon lwendaba "iNtombi Don 'kwelinye icala ebonisa" vekeleke xona ". Kwakhona imisebenzi yezandla ziquka i "Sistine Madonna" yi Raphael, "isidlo sangokuhlwa sokugqibela" yi uLeonardo da Vinci kunye nezinye kaMnu.

Ulwakhiwo omkhulu: obukhulu kuzo yobugcisa yehlabathi

Abakroli ezilungileyo ngawo onke amaxesha ezixabisa ubunzima yayo ngegolide. Ngoko ke, lo ihlabathi waceba iimveliso ezifana Arc de Triomphe, ibekwe eMoscow, lesikhumbuzo kuPetros 1, "The Bronze abamahashe" oqingqiweyo kaDavide, uMichelangelo wenza ingabekwa Louvre, nomfanekiso omhle Venus, nto leyo eye wonqanyulwa, angabikho ezandleni zakhe, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ezi ntlobo obathandayo zobugcisa omkhulu bokuhombisa kwaye umtsalane izigidi zemboniselo, bafuna ukunandipha kwakhona kwaye kwakhona.

Kukho iindidi eziliqela olu hlobo lwezakhiwo:

• Monument. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ukukrola abantu omnye okanye ngaphezulu ukuma ngxi ephosiweyo ekhulelwe okanye kuso nasiphi na isikhundla. Yenziwe ngamatye, lenyengane, naziiperile.
• Monument. It kubhiyozelwa etyeni isiganeko wembali, ezifana IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, kunye nobuntu enkulu.
• Nsika. Olu hlobo lwezakhiwo yi ngesixwexwe ilitye, inyengane okanye nezemarmore, bemi tye nokuba nayiphi boonobumba okanye ukuzoba.
• Obelisk. Le kholam, eziquka ezine balole up imiphetho.

isiphelo

art omkhulu - into enzima antsonkothileyo. Bonke abantu iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo ngayo iinkumbulo, umntu - ikratshi iinkosi, izandla zabantu bakwazi ukuvelisa i wobugcisa. Umntu uziva zididekile: njani umsebenzi onjalo kufuneka wenziwe ngumntu oqhelekileyo, kuba iinkcukacha kangaka entle? Ngamanye amaxesha kumboniseli ayeke nje Nayiphi ezikhumbuzo zobugcisa kunye lwezakhiwo, zombini bamandulo mihla. Kodwa izinto zobugcisa omkhulu akayi kungamohlwayi nabani na umntu akanankathalo. Oku kungenxa yokuba zonke iinkosi, ukuba enze into kule isimbo, kukho enkulu, obalaseleyo, italente yokwenene, umonde nothando olukhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe.