Yintoni Archons? History of the Empire yaseByzantium

Yintoni Archons? Wabuyela emva ukusuka ilizwi? Indlela yokuqhagamshelana nabo imbali yoBukhosi baseByzantium? Ke kaloku kwafika ilizwi lisetyenziswa intsingiselo, kuphela akuphuhlanga kakuhle sifunda lowo wanikwa kuye ekuqaleni. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa ukusasazeka inkcubeko mass iingqondo ingcamango yokuba "Archon" yaye inxalenye ngisele intsingiselo yalo yesemantiki. Kweli nqaku siza kuzama ukuqonda ukuba yintoni na elungileyo ukutyala intsingiselo yegama elithi 'archon "kwaye nokuba kufanelekile ukuyisebenzisa njengoko isifundisa inkcubeko mihla. Inyaniso kukuba uninzi elithi "Archon" linxulunyaniswa ummeli abefundisi, lo gama intsingiselo yokuqala yeli gama sele ihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo ubomi behlabathi.

uguqulelo Game: ukufutshane kangakanani na kwinto ekhoyo

Mhlawumbi abaninzi baye baliva ilizwi "archon", kodwa wazibuza ukuba kwakuthetha ntoni na Archons ngokwenene. Eli gama iintsingiselo ezininzi ezinxulumene unqulo kunye nembali. Ngoko ke, imibhalo yonqulo ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa ukuba kwabanoomoya abakhohlakeleyo, iziphatha-hlabathi. Naxa kungcelele Star umdlalo Craft kugqatso yabasemzini, Protoss, kukho yemfazwe okhethekileyo ngubani na izibaso yimiphefumlo emibini Templars, wathi archon. kokuvela kwakhe edabini kuyoyikisa nentlonelo. Ngelo xesha archon ingafumaneka kwi XCOM series, apho limelwe ekudalweni njengabaphambukeli, umveleli abantu. Kakade ke, olu khetho phantsi kwemiqathango ethile kuphela kungathathwa ntonye wokuqala, leyo labekwa elithi "archon". Kukho isalamane kuyahambisana kunjalo, umntu ongazaziyo umthombo, singaqala iqondwe ingqiqo.

Yintoni na indawo imbali kunye archons

Ukususela igama lesiGrike eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "yiNtloko", "umlawuli", "isahluko". Leyo igama umlawuli baseAthene. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba emva kokufa kakumkani Kodra le isihloko wamnika imigaqo-Greek iinkokeli zabo. Yaba uhlobo analogu yegama elithi "ukumkani." Oko kukuthi, imithetho ye-Archon Kodra waba ukubaluleka olunjalo ukuchuma karhulumente, apho abemi baye bagqiba ukugcina isihloko njenge irhafu kunye nokukhumbula ngumlawuli wabo.

Ekuqaleni, isihloko archon eliphethwe amaqumrhu amathathu - i eponym (yayinempahla isebe elilawulayo), kaBasilio (ophethe ukunqulwa oothixo bamaGrike, yaye nani ngakumbi zonqulo) kunye polemarch (nomyali imikhosi baseAthene bekukho abaphethe yonke imicimbi yamajoni umzi-zikarhulumente).

Kamva, Noko ke, le polis zamandulo zamaGrike laqalisa izithuba arhontskih ezintandathu, enabizwa "tesmotety" okanye "fesmotety". Banoxanduva zokuba kuhlaziywe wonyaka imithetho, ukufumana kuphikisana umthetho, ezinye zomthetho yonke eminye imisebenzi musa kuwa phantsi kolawulo Archons ezintathu zokuqala.

I archons lokuqala begazi

Ekuqaleni, lo archons ingaba Kodridy, izalamane kunye nenzala bokumkani Kodra kuphela, ngakumbi isigqibo ukungena basebukhosini post attiyskoy - evpatidam. iinguqu Solon kaThixo wenza kube lula ukuba archons kuphela begazi, kodwa onke amanye amacandelo oluntu, ngaphandle amahlwempu.

Eyokuqala yaba unyana wokumkani archon Kodra - Medon. Ukususela naye, isihloko isuka kuyise unyana kwaye yobomi.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkululeko kunye nedemokhrasi kule baseAthene kunqunyulwa amandla kunye nexesha Archons yeBhodi. Ngoko, emva kwexesha elithile ulawulo iminyaka elishumi olungephi, nkqu nasemva kwekhulu leminyaka kulawula yi yeminyaka Archon. Emva kokoyiswa Greece ngamaRoma kuthiwa archons amagosa ephondo oqeshwe yi eRoma.

Ukuqhubeka ibali Archons, emva Greece

Kodwa yintoni na Archons kwimbono zexeshana nezembali? Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, e Athens wamandulo indawo irhuluneli kunye namagosa aphezulu kule nkqubo, ilifa yokuqala, kodwa kamva waba enkomfeni. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba lo ezihlangwini eRoma Greece nazo archons intsingiselo yeli gama yohlukile kancinci ukusuka yokuqala.

archons Byzantine

Nakule yoBukhosi baseByzantium phantsi le ngcamango kuthetha kwezakhi ephakamileyo yoluntu; bobabini amakholwa kunye abefundisi kwixesha Byzantine emva kwexesha. Noko ke, siyazi ukuba umlawuli kunye zeformula uBhishophu akukho namnye kubo, leyo kakhulu ezingaqhelekanga. Archons rhoqo nezibalo ebantwini kwaye nkolelo kunye neklasi sigqibo. Kazi ngamalungelo neemfanelo zalo, kwakunye isikhundla iinkokeli zoluntu wayengekho noluqondakalayo ngokupheleleyo kwaye kulawulwa ngurhulumente. Ngenxa yokuba la malungiselelo ethe kwaye ingacaci malunga arhonotov kusetyenziswa icala komthetho.

Unetyala na okanye hayi?

Ngokutsho kwezinye mbali, imbali yoBukhosi baseByzantium ibonisa ukuba ukuwa ubukhosi waba inxalenye enxulumene nemisebenzi Archons. Ngokweembono yabo, lo elite nangona ezahlukeneyo zoluntu ikhondo elinye inyathelo, kodwa yaba non monolithic, aliphelelanga yaye ingxabano lwangaphakathi. Ukuxabana alwayo ibonakala ngokucacileyo kwezo zihlandlo, elalijongene ubudlelane kunye nabamelwane yayo Western. Umthombo ngqu isimo bohluke kuzo manyano. Le apotheosis izinto eziphikisanayo enjalo kungquzulwano-Council of Florence.

Nakule Ekuqaleni abalawuli yaseByzantium babizwa archons States (Archon), nto leyo yaba isidanga ezishiyanayo ngokuxhomekeke bukhosi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba abafazi bawo nabizelwa arhontissami, oko kukuthi, nabo baba isithethi kwiklasi zentlalo ezahlukeneyo.

Intshayelelo yezithuba ezitsha

abalawuli Kamva wasebenzisa ndlela eAthene waza wadala inkqubo yezithuba. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho ezi zilandelayo: Archon Allagi (injengele yomkhosi yaseByzantium), Archon vlattii (Head of ucweyo iNkosi ukuba utywala kunye nophethe ilaphu obaluleke kakhulu), ityuwa Archon (intloko saltworks komlawuli, leyo noxanduva lokulawula phezu imveliso kunye nokuthengiswa yetyuwa). Kwakhona, ngokubhekisele kwezinye babalawuli namazwe angabamelwane wayesebenzisa isiqu "Archon Archons", okanye "kumkani wookumkani", eyayisetyenziselwa ekuphakanyisweni lwabo ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye. imithombo isetyenziswayo yembali siyazi ukuba esi sihlokwana ookumkani abathathu eArmenia, eyabonisa ubukhulu babo phakathi South Caucasus States.

Emva kokutshatyalaliswa archons bukhosi basithiya igama abameli abefundisi Orthodox, awonisa uluntu yamaGrike, kungekuphela nje ngomoya kodwa kuluntu zehlabathi phantsi kolawulo Turkish.

isiphelo

Makhe sijonge ukuba archons, ngokususela kwidatha ukuba sele yaye eyayichazwe kweli nqaku. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo konke oku kungentla kunokuthiwa kakuhle ukuba simi yesiGrike amagosa aphezulu kunye nemisebenzi ethile phantsi karhulumente Athene. Archontes Athens kwakhiwa nkqubo karhulumente yamaGrike de amaRoma. In yoBukhosi baseByzantium ekuqalekeni, lo gama wakhonza njengoko igama abalawuli balapho babona suzerain babo koMlawuli ngandlel 'ithile. Emva koko, phantsi igama maleko ephakamileyo kwasekwa archontes izifundo baseByzantium. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho ezininzi, kungekuphela nje amarhamente, kodwa abefundisi kunye nabaphathiswa. Kulo mzekelo, isikhundla archon yasetyenziswa ngqo lenkundla, ngokunjalo kwi-nkqubo yangaphandle waseByzantium ngokunxulumene kumazwe angabamelwane. Position Archon wafumana Ashot I, Smbat I kunye Ashot II okuqaphela ithi zalo kwi-South eCaucasus. Kamva, emva kokuba kutshatyalaliswe yoBukhosi baseByzantium, isihloko archon weza ukubhekisela yezikhulu ecaweni.