Yintoni a cantata kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo

Yintoni a cantata - uhlobo okanye umsebenzi eyodwa? Kwaye yintoni intsimi loyilo yabantu elimfaneleyo? Literature? Umculo? cantata oratorio basoloko bexakaniseka kunye, okanye Madrigal Sonata. Kweli nqaku siza kujonga xa wazalwa uhlobo nendlela yaphuhliswa. Qaphela imizekelo eyaziwa cantatas umkhondo njengoko nje imisebenzi ibandla intshumayelo uyilo kubuhle, iye yaba yinto ezimeleyo, umculo, esiphumezekayo in philharmonics. Kwaye ke, siza kuhlawula ezinye ingqalelo cantatas Ioganna Sebastyana Bach, owamvusa kubo kwinqanaba eliphezulu yophuhliso.

imvelaphi

Iingcambu zembali uhlobo eya kufunyanwa kumaXesha Aphakathi. Le izibongo troubadour lwalusenziwa imibongo angqinelana recitative kunye zomculo. Ukuphindaphinda wayethetha imixholo ezinzulu - iziganeko zembali reflection ngokomoya. lyrics Kamva, wenza uwedwa, ndaqalisa ukuya umculo. Enyanisweni, lo hlobo acacisa eItali, ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI. Nkqu igama has a iingcambu Romanesque: isenzi "cantare" lithetha "ukucula". Ngexesha i-High Renaissance oko, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, umculo. Kodwa yintoni na cantata, nendlela kwahlukile ingoma elula? Okokuqala, kukho umthendeleko kakhulu umxholo vesi. Okwesibini, lombhalo ngaphambili kubalulekile engephi kuthelekiswa umculo, ubuncinane ekuqaleni. Kodwa njengoko imibongo baba kunjalo, lo cantata waqalisa zingahlukaniswa Sonata - i zililo elula instrumental.

uphuhliso uhlobo

Njengalo naluphi na indalo buchopho bomntu, cantata ithe savela. Ekuqaleni, uhlobo lomculo ziquka inani uyakhala omnye kuphela, wedwa. Le mveliso yaziwa Madrigal. Ukususela kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XVII kwi kuphuhliso uhlobo echatshazelwa kakhulu yi-opera. Inkcazo yintoni na cantata, waba lunzima kakhulu. Isakhiwo isiqwenga umculo ziquka amanani eziliqela solo, kwakunye kwiindawo, recitatives, ezivunywa, ikwayara kunye kuhambisane okhestra. umxholo anzulu yohlobo esinzulu kwisicatshulwa kunye nomculo wahlala iimpawu ingaguqukanga na uhlobo. Ngoko ke cantata akazange enze ezinkundleni. Le mveliso ayidingi imbonakalo okanye iimpahla. Kukwakho Akukho indima. Le cantata yahluke kakhulu ukusuka opera, nangona iokhestra ngayo umlinganiswa ophambili onke amanyathelo.

zomculo we yonqulo kutshiswa

At the Council of Trent, ebanjwe kwinkulungwane XVI, abasemagunyeni ibandla lagqiba ekubeni nokomeleza umba aesthetic yonqulo ukutsala abathembekileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, i-Gregorian Chapel - singers choir ababesebenza umsebenzi ngaphandle zomculo - indawo yi umzimba. umculo yakhe yaqala ukuba imilo oratorio - ". ukuthandaza 'kwigama lesiLatini" orare ", into ethetha Le misebenzi ezazijoliswe ukugxininisa iimvakalelo intshumayelo umbingeleli okubhaliweyo okanye ukufunda izicatshulwa eBhayibhileni. Ukususela ngoko, njengokuba GF Handel wabhala ikonsathi oratorio, umculo yaqala ukubhalwa kunye temy.Sleduet yezwe cantatas ezihluphekayo zabandakanywa kwi inkangeleko ubuhle of the Catholic kunye neenkonzo zecawa yamaProtestanti. Ngapha koko, isiqulatho sabo esikolweni ngokomoya. Ngoko ke yintoni na oratorio kunye cantata, yintoni umahluko zazo eziphambili? Akulula kangaka ukuchaza. Sinokuthi kwi oratorio kwiindawo solo badla ebotshelelwe indima ukusebenza kwalo okupheleleyo olukhulu ngakumbi. Le cantata yinto efunekayo ombambazelayo egunyileyo, kwaye kwiindawo Awabotshwanga nawuphi na umntu othile.

lang cantatas

Ngomhla kuphuhliso uhlobo gqitha Carissimi, kwaye abanye abaphandi nabavumayo ukuba nikholwe kuye umdali le fomu art syncretic ukuba inxibelelanisa i intsebenzo zomculo kunye umbongo. Kodwa abo banika cantata kwinqanaba eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, waba uJohann Sebastian Bach. Ukuba waye wajoyina i-amacandelo kwimibongo umculo elivisisanisa omnye komnye. Iitekisi cantatas zakhe Bach bevela imisebenzi kwiinkulungwane 16-18th. Ilifa lokomoya imibongo German kunjalo lonke ixesha iquka kwimfundiso lamaProtestanti, nobugqi Franciscan kunye pietism, kwaye nkqu mibala zehlabathi kwexesha ezimbejembeje. Yintoni a cantata kwi kumsebenzi Bach kaThixo? Le izivisa ezimbaxa uyakhala-negalelo, eziquka iindawo ezininzi, nganye eneyazo isingqi yayo, isantya kunye nobuchule. Umqambi genius wabhala umculo ezi imisebenzi ngaphandle lemka imibhalo engcwele. Asazi ukuqonda, umzekelo, isitshixo i "St. Mateyu isiva", ukuba awufuni ukufunda kwiindawo isicatshulwa. Ngelo xesha linye umculo ivumela ukuba uhlaziye tale yeBhayibhile, ngokunzulu va yona.

uhlobo

Sele sibonile ukuba lo mculo cantata. Kodwa ukusukela ekuqaleni luhlobo syncretic zobugcisa, kulula ukucinga ukuba ngamhla uthile loo nto iya kwenza ngaphandle zomculo. Ukubaluleka nomba kunye nokuphakanyiswa komsitho okanye umlinganiswa bazisa kunye cantata kunye ode kwisihobe. Njengokuba umsebenzi wokubhala, kufana Madrigal okanye eulogy. cantata abhalwe rhoqo "kwityala" - eqhineni etroneni okanye isikhumbuzo iziganeko ezibalulekileyo. Le ncwadi kwakhona ubone ubhekiso phambili olu hlobo loncwadi. Ngoko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukusuka kudidi "wenkundla yemibongo" cantata zigqithiswe ifomu lula kwaye ekhululekile ngakumbi. Ngamanye amaxesha uze phezu iimpawu uthando yemibongo (cinga Pushkin kaThixo "Leda"). kunjalo, kodwa, koovimba eziqhelekileyo cantata izifundo serious ayinyamezeleki. Glazunov wabhala cantatas ukuba lwekhulu leminyaka emva kokuzalwa Pushkin, Balakirev - ukuvulwa lesikhumbuzo ukuze Glinka. Xa xesha ubukhosi Stalin kaThixo , olu hlobo nalo ethandwa kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, N. Myaskovsky wabhala cantata "laseKirov Us" kwi ukufa ngumpolitiki.

Cantata: Inkcazo

Ngoko ke, eli gama liye iintsingiselo ezininzi. Umculo njenge uhlobo, kunye nomsebenzi ebhalwe ngale ndlela. Cantata usondele ukuya oratorio, luquka iokhestra, ikwayara kunye nemilonji. esikhulu, umsebenzi entsonkothileyo eziquka iindawo ezininzi kwesingqisho ezahlukeneyo Lo. Njengoko uncwadi, le cantata - umbongo obhaliweyo sihlandlo kangaka. Kanye kumbongo, kuba iqulathe ungamalungu amaninzi. Kodwa imixholo emininzi kwindawo cantata ayikho esibalisayo, nokuzukisa.