Yamathambo: yothintelo ebantwaneni. Uthintelo yamathambo kwiintsana

Abaninzi baqhelene eli lizwi isifo kuphela, kodwa kananjalo uhlobo buhlungu, emzimbeni, kwaye ngengqiqo yokomfuziselo, yaye ubuthathaka engqondweni. Ewe, kunjalo yamathambo. Isifo fanele ku ngezifo zabantwana lubonakala esemncinane nokunyhashwa ekubunjweni ithambo. Isizathu kuba ukunqongophala ivithamin D emzimbeni, nto leyo efunekayo kakubi ngexesha lokukhula olunzulu womntwana, ngexesha nokusekwa intlala kunye ithambo asemzimbeni. Ukongeza, ukunqongophala weli kuchaphazela kwinkalo ngokwasengqondweni kunye nophuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni. Kuyimfuneko ukuba baqaphele tshintsho luncinane kwi ukuziphatha abantwana, njengoko ekuqaleni esi sifo zenzeka ifihliwe.

indaba

Kuba okokuqala esi sifo iye yachazwa eNgilani phakathi kwenkulungwane elinesixhenxe, kodwa uncwadi iimilo-Medical kusekho ngenkulungwane yesibini kwisithathu. Ikunika iingcamango eziliqela isenzeko sifo kunye neendlela zokusombulula kuyo. ikhubalo kwafunyanwa - amanqatha cod, kodwa ingcaciso ukusebenza zayo bafumanisa kamva. Enkosi kukubuka kuqhutywa yi McCollum, ihlabathi weva ubukho kukho into ezifana novithamini D. Kamva, kwinkulungwane yokuqala amabini, ugqirha yaseJamani liphuhlise indlela yothintelo yamathambo usebenzisa i isibane yelanga. Yena babuyekezwe yokunqongophala ilanga kwaye kuthintele uphuhliso sifo.

oonobangela

Kukho izinto ezininzi predisposing ukuba negalelo kuphuhliso yamathambo. Bayakwazi kwenzeka kokubini kunye ngokwahlukeneyo.

1. mali olunganelanga kwelanga, kuquka ngenxa imozulu kunye neemeko zemozulu.
2. ukutya elingalunganga komntwana, kwaye ngenxa yoko, nokufunxwa okulambathayo calcium iphosphate, kwanolwazi oluqulethweyo ngokugqithisileyo amafutha ezilwanyana ukutya.
3. iintsana njengokuzalwa Deep.
4. Zemfuza uzimisele iingxaki ukubunjwa kunye yokucolwa novithamini D.
5. nezici ngokobuhlanga.

Asinayo yindawo abayithandayo isifo phezu kwimephu yehlabathi, kufumaniseka yonke. Amaninzi ibonakalisa oko kwenzeka ngexesha abandayo, xa ngenxa izinto zendalo olukhulayo ukukhanya kwelanga. Ingakumbi abachaphazelekayo abantwana wazalwa ekwindla kade nasebusika.

Ukongeza, oomama mihla abafuni ukuncancisa umntwana ngokwemvelo, wakhetha ukuba ukuxuba okanye ubisi lwenkomo. Oku kuphazamisa amazwe umntwana emathunjini ngokufanelekileyo. Kwakhona ku ababambeleyo elifakelweyo Ngumfanekiso isixa elingonelanga izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze ukuhluma nophuhliso wosana. Abasafunda ukuhamba bayahlupheka ukusuka ukutyeba, ukuphazamiseka pathways yokulunywa isisu, kwaye, kakade, yamathambo.

Le pathophysiology kwesifo

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba nenxaxheba nokwenziwa calcium ne bone inkqubo Ukwakheka ngokwayo ithatha akukho vitamin D, kunye metabolites yayo efunyenwe wesibindi nezintso. Emva kokubeleka, iinkqubo ezininzi enzymatic kwaye pathways asikafikeleli a aphuhliswe ngokwaneleyo ukuze bathathe umthwalo opheleleyo efunekayo eziphilayo ezincinane ukuze akhule kakuhle.

Ndiyila e melanocytes eluswini, ivithamin D ungena igazi, ithuthwa ngayo kwesibindi, apho inkqubo hydroxylation idlula. ukuguqulwa Chemical nigqibela kwizintso, yaye ngoko, ngohlobo 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D, libandakanyeka kwezimbiwa ukutya uze Ukwakheka skeletal. yonke le nkqubo ilawulwa destabilization nakweliphi na ibakala. Ngoko ke, lo Pathogenesis yamathambo edidekile kakhulu kwaye ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo iingcali nokuba elimxinwa.

kubonakaliswa

Njengoko umthetho, ezintsimbi alarm yokuqala sele bavela ebudaleni kwiiveki ezintandathu umntwana, kodwa ke ngoko non ezithile-ukuba abazali musa ukunikela ingqalelo kuyo, okanye zidityaniswe nezinye izifo. Kulo mba, kwenziwe utshintsho mpela zibonakala kuphela iinyanga ezine okanye ezintlanu ubudala.

Kwindawo yokuqala umntwana aqale ukubonisa iimpawu luvo ezifana ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ixhala, ukuba nochuku. Emva koko, kunciphise umdla ukutya, isiganeko kwesitulo ukulibaziseka. Ebusuku umntwana ukubila ngamandla, ngokubila zinuke kakubi, phina intloko yakhe, nangenxa iimpikiswano zochuku yokukhuhla kubonakala alopecia entanyeni. obubonakala Kubonakala ngethambo apho, ukuba zivela phi kamva. Isigaba sokuqala ithatha inyanga.

Ukuba akukho amanyathelo othintelo luthathiwe ke, isifo siqhubela phambili ukuya kwithuba elilandelayo - ukuphakama. Lubonakala kukudandatheka esifubeni sakho, ugobile amathambo kweqondo asezantsi, kokufika 'amaso "kunye" nesacholo "kwiindawo kwimveliso ngokugqithisileyo esiqwini ithambo, njengokuba impendulo zembuyekezo ukuya ukuxozwa ngamathambo. Kuko konke oku njengomntwana libe lisalele ngasemva kuphuhliso engqondweni nasemzimbeni.

Unyango kuyo ngexesha kunceda umva uninzi lotshintsho, kodwa deformation amathambo uya nobuhlala ixesha elide. nzima ngakumbi nemiphumela nefuthe kwabasetyhini, ekubeni kukho deformation ye isinqe nokuzalwa vaginally iya kuninqabela.

ekuxilongweni

Izivumelwano ezisesikweni ukwenzela iziphumo zokuxilonga kunye nokuthintelwa yamathambo zintsonkothile kwaye ziyabhidisa ukuba ugqirha avareji eklinikhi. Ngaphambili, ukuqinisekiswa oluthembekileyo sifo kwakujongwa Sulkovicha isampula, ukuba ibhaqa ukulahleka icalcium umchamo, kodwa ngoku luthatyathwa non-ezithile akazange isicelo practice lwesiqhelo.

Kungoku ingqalelo uvavanyo lwegazi ichanekileyo ukuba electrolytes: calcium, phosphorus, wemagniziyam. Ukongeza, ahlawule ingqalelo ezifana iparameters kwemichiza njengoko inqanaba phosphatase obrak kunye serum creatinine. Zovavanyo ezikhethekileyo elawulwa ukujonga umgangatho vitamin metabolites D kunye iihomoni ze ndlala kunye namadlala parathyroid.

Ukususela iindlela instrumental diagnostic ray sombala namathambo zengalo eyenziweyo, ukuba sihlolisise iinkalo ukukhula kunye kwamathambo. Xa yamathambo, baya gqitha, ummandla kwamathambo yatshintsha kwaye yandiswe.

ubukhulu sifo

Xa abantwana, kukho izidanga ezintathu sifo:

1. indlela Ezintsha. Umntwana omnye langoku okanye iimpawu ezimbini ukusuka ithambo, kukho hypotonia dystrophy, silale, kodwa uphuhliso lweengqondo ingqamana ubudala.
2. ikhondo Moderate. Kukho utshintsho kakhulu asemzimbeni evakaliswe umonakalo luvo, iingxaki kunye nezibilini. Qala ukubonisa ukungaqheleki izangoma kunye osemva kuphuhliso ngokwengqondo.
3. Severe. Okuqhubekekayo deformations bone rough ukuba musa umva emva achache. Umntwana lowo ukuswela ingqondo, uphuhliso lingenako ukuhlangabezana ubudala, kuphambana ezinye iinkqubo ngamalungu lwangaphakathi ukuphendula yokusilela kwenkqubo metabolic.

Prevention ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Nawuphi na umama okhulelweyo bayavuma izinto ezibuhlungu ukuva yendawo wabantwana bene - yamathambo. Uthintelo yale meko kuqalisa kwasekuqaleni inkqubo ephethe umntwana. Isimanga kubonakala; kodwa abafazi abakhulelweyo zidla Ozidelayo ngalo mba. Basela esutywe folic acid kunye izakhiwo afikelelekayo, kodwa ngoyaba sabaqalayo uhambo. Kambe ke nantsi eyona zothintelo non-ngqo yamathambo.

amanyathelo azizithintelo na ukulala usempilweni ebusuku kwaye uphumle ikhefu emini. Ngaphezu koko, obstetricians wancomela ehamba iiyure ubuncinane ezimbini ukuya kwezine emoyeni evulekileyo, kungakhathaliseki imozulu. Kubalulekile ukuba nidle okulungileyo okulungileyo:

• yonke imihla ukuba badle inyama okanye intlanzi;
• kukho inani elaneleyo cottage samasi, itshizi, ubisi kunye nezinye iimveliso zobisi;
• zibandakanya yomxhesho zezonka ezimhlophe kunye nemifuno.

Uthintelo ethile yamathambo kwabasetyhini abasemngciphekweni (eclampsia, isifo seswekile, lwegazi, ezingapheliyo ukusilela kwezintso) iqhutyelwa kubanjiswene kunye endocrinologist. Kwithuba leenyanga ezintathu lesithathu amabini yesibhozo-ukuya wamashumi amathathu anesibini ka-veki, elawulwa ivithamin D a iiyunithi ngamazwe lamawaka yonke eminye imihla iiveki ezisibhozo. Ixesha, kulo mzekelo, akuyonto ibalulekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ukumisela izifundo yemisebe yelanga, ikhuthaza imveliso iqala of cholecalciferol. Qala, kwindawo ethile ikota ukunyamezeleka igcuntswana leyeza, ngokwenyusa kancinane ukuya amathamo amabini. Iiseshoni ziqhutywa yonke imihla okanye yonke eminye imihla.

kubelekwa

Uthintelo yamathambo kwiintsana kwenziwa xa umama uzakuvumelana iqela umngcipheko okanye ulandele iingcebiso icebiso lwabasetyhini phezu umbuso wakhe kunye nesondlo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Esibhedlele umntwana ilawulwa njenge bolus kwiiyunithi amawaka amane cholecalciferol ngosuku ngaphakathi. Kwaye baqhubeka baphathwe kangaka elide de zonke iimpawu zesi sifo shwaka. Emva koko ugqithele idosi nokugcinwa iiyunithi ezingamakhulu amane ngamazwe ngosuku.

Uthintelo yamathambo kwiintsana kunye malabsorption of ivithamin D ethunjini yahlukile nje kancinane. Kulo mzekelo, idosi yemihla ngemihla kunokuba ukuya nakwiiyunithi ishumi lamawaka.

yokuya

Kubalulekile ukuba yonke imiba abe umntwana ozelwe ngaphambi kwexesha, yamathambo kunye ajoyine esinye. Oonobangela, iimpawu, uthintelo kwesi sifo ngayo ezinye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Sisazi ukuba imizimba inkqubo kwakhiwa ngokwaneleyo, oogqirha elawulwa kuye calcium gluconate (amathandathu neemiligram calcium ecocekileyo ngosuku ikilogram). Ukulungelelanisa phosphorus elongezelweyo milligrams ezingamashumi of potassium phosphate ngosuku kwekilogram ubunzima bomzimba ngalinye.

Qiniseka ukuba esweni amanqanaba igazi calcium phosphorus ukuthintela ithi ezibalulekileyo.

grudnichki

Uthintelo yamathambo kwiintsana nguye ukunakekelwa kubo. Okokuqala kumayelana ezilapho. Kubalulekile ukuba umntwana abahamba ngaphezu kweeyure ezine ngosuku kunye nokulala kwindawo engena umoya kakuhle. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, abazali kufuneka kusala kwisitrato kangangoko kunokwenzeka umntwana ze, ukuze ulusu ngakumbi ekucaca ukuba amanyathelo UV. Xa kusihlwa, unako ahlambe umntwana wakho saline okanye ibhafu sapling. Oku kunciphisa kuphela excitability kwaye ilungiselela ukuba ebusuku, kodwa komeleza inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

feed Ideal ubisi lwebele usana, njengoko iqulethe zonke izinto micro macro kuyimfuneko, kwakunye norm lwamihla le iiprothini, amafutha kunye carbohydrate. Kodwa ukuba oku akwenzeki, kucetyiswa ukuba bafudukele ifomula apha naphaya, leyo ibe kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba inqanaba bendalo iphosphate kunye calcium. Uthintelo yamathambo kwiintsana ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi sezingqondweni kunye neminqweno yabazali.

Ubudala: phezulu ukuya kunyaka

Uthintelo yamathambo kubantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye ukho lokondla efanelekileyo iyavumelana, ekufuneka iqulathe iimali ezaneleyo iivithamini B, A, C, kunye nemifuno kunye nezilwanyana amafutha. Iinzuzo zemveliso yobisi nkqu kubalulekile ukuthetha ngayo. Kucacile.

Uthintelo yamathambo kwiintsana kukuthi, kuquka kwijiminastiki asakhasayo kunye nonyango ngokwasemzimbeni. Kuyimfuneko ukuba uphuhliso evumelanayo nkqubo neuromuscular, kukho umngcipheko deformation ithambo phantsi ubunzima umntwana, izihlunu enamandla ukunceda ukuba babele ngokulungelelana ubunzima kwaye kuthintele ubugqwetha kungekaxhuzulwa rhafu nazintlawulo amathambo. uqeqesho rhoqo, ukunyuka kancinane umthwalo kunye namanye amanyathelo aza kuthatyathwa ukunceda ukuthintela yamathambo.

Izimo nesandulela

Njengoko nawuphi na amayeza, vitamin D, kukho iimeko ulwamkelo. Uthintelo ethile yamathambo ebantwaneni singàphunyezwa, xa benayo isifo eso Williams, Bourne, okanye kaltsituriya ngenye idiopathic. Kulo mzekelo, ukulahlekelwa ikhalsiyam sinxulumana ukuswela novithamini D. Isifo yesibini kuphela - hypophosphatasia. Ngaphezu koko, ubukho amanxeba zomgquba kwenkqubo luvo, microcephaly kunye craniostenosis nayo akucetyiswa nokuthintelwa yamathambo kwiintsana. Komorowski ubonisa lo mba iintetho zakhe iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

Umntwana konyaka omdala omnye

Musa ukucinga ukuba xa umntwana wakho esoloko ekhula kancinci, ingozi yokuba ukuphazamiseka pathways ndimke. Uthintelo yamathambo ebantwaneni emva konyaka kukuba ityetyiswe nokutya kunye neemveliso zobisi kunye antioxidants (fish oil, imifuno, iziqhamo citrus, intlanzi). Ukuba kukho ukutyeshelwa nkqubo yawo luvo, ezifana ukubila ngokugqithiseleyo, ngoko bamisa "Carnitine", "Wisteria", "Panangin" okanye Asparkam "kwi idosi izifundo ngenyanga kwamkela.

Kuba uqeqesho lophuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kucetyiswa ukuba athathe ichiza "Akti-5." Iqulathe oluntsonkothileyo iivithamini ako kakuhle umzimba mntwana. Ukongeza, oogqirha babantwana bacebisa yokuthanjiswa kunye nonyango ngokwasemzimbeni ukunceda ukumelana sengozini skeletal kunye yokungenelela iimpawu.

unyango

Musa ithemba ukuba ugqirha kwafunyaniswa ukuba "yamathambo" ebantwaneni. Gns, uthintelo kunye nonyango sele kudala kwaziwa kwaye zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo kulo lonke ihlabathi. Abasungula iziyobisi ezifana "Akvadetrim", nto leyo iqulethe vitamin _D3. Oku ukunyamezeleka kakuhle abantwana, kwaye inokusetyenziswa ngaphandle ingozi libanda. Ngaphandle kuye, ezivenkileni namhlanje kwishishini loxubo "Devisol", "Vigantol", "Videin-2" yi isisombululo ioli ivithamini D. Zonke Izimo, ngoko qiniseka phambi kokuba uthathe udibane nogqirha wakho.

libanda

Unyango, uthintelo yamathambo ezingalungile, kwaye ke kukho libanda, ivithamini D. Umntwana Iimpawu eziveziweyo zazo yityhefu, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, kophulwa umthetho njengesihlalo kunye nokugcinwa nomchamo. Kwimeko efumanise le isilumkiso miqondiso kufuneka kwangoko wazise wabantwana zokhathelelo ezingundoqo yaye uvavanyo igazi umxholo icalcium kwi plasma. Unako ukongeza kwi uphando kunye Sulkovicha isampuli, nangona oko ifakiwe protocol eqhelekileyo.

Emva kokuchaza i libanda, amayeza emgaqweni okomzuzwana ucele abazali ukunciphisa sibethwe ngumoya, yaye yokutya. Akukho mfuneko ukukhangela nokunyanga nenkani umntwana yamathambo zabo. Prevention ingadlala a joke okhohlakeleyo kunye nabazali siyambonga kakhulu.

kuxilonga

Abantwana kwafunyaniswa ukuba "yamathambo" kuyimfuneko ukubeka kwi akhawunti lwezonyango emva kokuphuma ukuchacha lwezonyango kunye elabhoratri. Ngenxa yobunzima kunye ubukhulu neziphumo kweliso abo bantwana lwenziwa kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu ukususela kumhla yokumpompoza. Bambiza bekutyelelo qho kwiinyanga ezintathu.

Hi ndlela leyi, lokufunyaniswa "yamathambo", uthintelo kunye nonyango yayo akukho contraindication ukuya lugonyo lwesiqhelo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukulumkisa ugqirha uya kwenza emnweni, kunye wabantwana.

Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje yamathambo ingxaki ayikho yondele njenge leminyaka eyadlulayo, kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba ukungakhathali nesi sifo kungadala ukukhubazeka. Ngethamsanqa, kwakungekho ngaphandle kokungena ulawulo kulo kwimephu lophuhliso komntwana "yamathambo." Uthintelo kunye nemfundo ngezempilo umsebenzi wenziwa kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo, ebonelela nokubhala kubazali abatsha, ukuphaphama kwabo malunga nempilo wembewu yabo. Nokuba kwenzeka ngxaki, iyeza ingafunyanwa kwi nayiphi na ivenkile, kwaye impumelelo unyango ixhomekeke kwindlela abazali bafuna eli isigulane encinane.