YamaBolshevik Island: apho, inkcazelo, imbali isifundo

Kwi-Arctic Ocean kulele Nqabakazi of Severnaya Zemlya. It iqulathe ziziqithi ezine ezinkulu nabo ezininzi ezincinane. Eli nqaku lichaza siqithi yesibini ngobukhulu lencinibakazi - kwiBolsheviks. Yeyona kwincam esemazantsi North komhlaba, oko erhangqwe enolwandle ngeenxa zombini - i Kara kunye Laptev. Ukusuka nemisinga kubhaliwe ezahlulwe sisithuba iStrait of Vilkitsky, kodwa ukususela ngo-Oktobha Revolution Island - Strait Shokalski.

ukwaziswa

Island 11 Bilshovyk tysyach indawo 312 macala onke. ukusuka, olubalelwa phantse isahlulo sesithathu yonke Nqabakazi. indawo yayo ephezulu ise- leemitha 935. Le ukukhululeka siqithi tyaba ikakhulu kunye ezisezintabeni embalwa, maxa wambi ajike abe intaba.

Uququzelelo yendawo: 78 degrees imizuzu 36 ngama ngasentla kunye degrees 102 imizuzu 55 wobude ngasempumalanga. Ngoku uyazi kakuhle apho Island yamaBolshevik.

unxweme lwayo ingcole zenziwe, kukho iindawo ezininzi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - Gulf Akhmatova, eseyiphantse 60 km utshayisa mhlaba. Ingangena nzulu emhlabeni Fjord Thalmann kunye Gulf Mikoyan. Kunye ngaselunxwemeni kukho iseti zokupaka - Zhuravlev, elanga kunye nabanye.

YamaBolshevik Island kukho inani elikhulu yemilambo - ijeli, Kamenka, Golysheva, engumnqantsa kunye namanye, kodwa bambalwa amachibi kunye bathe enkulu.

iimeko zemozulu

Imozulu olwandle Arctic. I-avareji lobushushu yonyaka iminyaka emininzi igcinwe kwi -14 ...- 16 ° C, ngoxa ebusika nga kunqabile liphuma ngentla + 5 ° C. angehla 40 ° C ehlotyeni Umbilo iwela kancinci - up to 400 mm ngonyaka ngamnye, ubukhulu becala ukususela ngoJuni ku-Agasti. Nditsho ehlotyeni emhlabeni nomkhe- kuphela phezu (12-15 cm) phantsi eziqhotyoshelwe permafrost kancinane nzulu. Indawo ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 macala onke. weekhilomitha (30% ye-siqithi) lihambisana zomkhenkce ukuba akasoze anyibilike. I inkulu kubo wada wenza igama - iLeningrad, Kropotkin, Mushketov.

Ngenxa kubushushu obuphantsi, imimoya rhoqo squally kunye nezinye iimeko esibi kucaca kutheni siqithi ayihlalwa yamaBolshevik. Imo yezulu apha kakhulu yonyaka imbi kakhulu.

Biota

Nangona kwimozulu embi kakhulu, yamaBolshevik siqithi nangoku omiweyo uphela. Ezindaweni eziphakamileyo iintaka ezininzi indlwane. Ngokomthetho oko - pink nesilivere ama, murres, kittiwake omnyama yemilenze, ama glaucous, kwakunye neentlobo ezinqabileyo ezifana ukhetshe njengeyona, ama USabine kunye emhlophe.

Kwi siqithi rookeries zixhobisa walruses namatywina. Ngamanye amaxesha ungabona adle, Lemmings, iingcuka kunye iimpungutye. Kodwa ke umnini-siqithi, kwakunye yonke Nqabakazi - lebhere elimhlophe. Izinto ezembiwayo lubonise ukuba bamalunga nama-25 amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo mammoths babehlala apha.

Ngokutsho zebhayoloji, kwiBolsheviks kukho-65 eentlobo zezityalo, oko kukuthi, kwi siqithi ezinezityalo kwaphela kakhulu. Apha asinde ubulembu kunye ulele, phantse gqolo cover ukuyigubungela amatye, kwakunye willow polar. kweentyatyambo Onge - poppy Arctic, bloodroot, Saxifraga cespitosa, ikhephu saxifrage, minuartia ezinkulu-fruited, bluegrass asisifutshane, Saxifraga cernua, luzula kucaca kunye nezinye iintlobo. Of okuziinkozo kwi siqithi kukhula pickerel foxtail blue-hina nasezintabeni.

Uphawu iphambili iintyatyambo zengingqi - sparseness olomeleleyo uhlaza, esona sizathu sokuba nguwuphi na amathafa Etsolweni lengxondorha, lwegrabile kunye neenduli wesiqithi, elichazwa kweli nqaku.

Blizhlezhaschie kwiziqithi ezincinane

Kwirediyasi kwiikhilomitha ezininzi ukusuka yamaBolshevik elala phezu nemisele-20. Okubaluleke kakhulu kwezi kuthiwa ngokugqithiseleyo. Abanye - Low, undilibele, Sports, Klin, Acute, kufutshane, Marine kunye ezininzi - babe kwindawo encinane. Bonke sabelana zazihamba kwaye iflethi namageduka enamatye, iimeko zemozulu ngqwabalala, izilwanyana abahluphekileyo kunye nezityalo inqabile kakhulu.

Indlela ukuhlola siqithi yamaBolshevik

Reviews kulo mhlaba ezimbi polar. Baya baqhele ukuba iimeko ezinzima zobomi kunye nomsebenzi, kodwa le siqithi konke yokudakumba intle yakhe ingathi yimimangaliso, izulu lunobumnyama, amaza leaden, kunye nawo amandla emana naselunxwemeni.

Imbali yophuhliso siqithi, ngokunjalo zonke Umhlaba Northern - esisemthethweni ezifunyaniswe eqaqambileyo, luzele iphepha ubuqhawe kwenzeka kuyo chrede. Discoverers wesiqithi - amalungu lokuhlola amanzi uhambo B.A.Vilkitskogo, ngubani waya kunxweme iiBolsheviks ngo-1913. Uphononongo enenkcukacha kunye nenkcazo eneenkcukacha ilizwe lwenziwa kule minyaka 1930-1932 ngexesha hambo ye-Institute for the Study of the North. amalungu ayo izazinzulu Urvantsev NN Ujika uV, Ushakov GA Zhuravlev and SP

Kwiminyaka 1979-1983 kulo mhlaba bafumana igolide ibhola ndawonye nobambe ibhola. Ngo-1992 i-siqithi watyelelwa yamaBolshevik hambo eziphilayo oosonzululwazi ezintlanu, umsebenzi walo ongundoqo yayikukuqinisekisa inqanaba izinambuzane ukosuleleka Severnaya Zemlya.

Isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwenzeka Ornithology ngo-1992, xa siqithi wavelisa bamba nisishiye ama amhlophe ukuze ukuqhubela phambili le hlobo.

siqithi Iyonke 3 polar isitishi - kokhonza ( "Cape Baranova") kunye ezimbini ezivaliweyo ( "elanga" yaye "sandy").