Le nyanga zikhuthazayo e Antarctica. Lobushushu kule nyanga Antarctic

Izazinzulu, abahloli sezulu ngokuqhula ngokuba Antarctica "ekhishini imozulu 'ukuba ehlabathini lonke. Iingcali bazi kakuhle xa iimeko ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi zohambo kummandla woMzantsi Geographic Pole. abantu abaqhelekileyo badla siyathingaza: "Yintoni na le Southern Arctic Circle yinyanga lobushushu? E Antarctica kukho ubushushu zero? ". Ukuze uqonde ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni "ekhishini yezulu" Kulula akakho, apha yonke into eyahlukileyo, kungekhona nje kwezinye amazwekazi.

kwilizwekazi White kuba lula ngakumbi

Ukuya kutsho imi- 20-kwinkulungwane XIX ubukho komhlaba kufutshane South Pole, oosonzululwazi baye babonisa kunye nabahambi. Abaninzi bakholwa umkhenkethi odumileyo uYohane. Cook, wathi iindawo ongafikelelekiyo kumzantsi 71 ° S. w. hambo IsiRashiya ukuya Antarctica ngeenqanawa, "empuma" kunye "Uxolo" kaJanuwari 20, 1820 wavula ilizwe ayaziwa, phezu kwazo nje iingxaki ezininzi gqithi. Emva kweminyaka eli-120, waqalisa uhambo lokuqala emanzini Antarctic, kwadlula eminye iminyaka engama-50 ukuze kuphuhliswe yezindawo abakhenkethi entsha.

Amakhulu kubahloli zithunyelwa qho ngonyaka kwilizwekazi emhlophe. Uhambo eehambo ziqhutywa kwixesha kakhulu yonyaka kwi-Southern saseNtla. "Yaye yintoni na inyanga zikhuthazayo e Antarctica?" - axakwe unonelele ngabantu abaqhelekileyo. Kakade ke, sonke ezifundiswa esikolweni lwemozulu amazwekazi esemazantsi, apho ebusika yethu - kweli hlobo. Yithi kanye ngenyanga kuhle ukuba utyelelo kwi-South Pole, abaninzi bakufumana kunzima.

Antarctica i-Arctic - izichasi ezimbini

Ngokufutshane kwamagama eendawo. kufuneka igama lakhe iwele ngasezantsi Arctic. Lilo eli ilizwi ngenxa ezinezinga kumantla ezimbini zehlabathi, imvelaphi yamaGrike, anikwa indawo lekroza Ursa Major. Imozulu on the North Pole ixesha elide yaqhubeka iyimfihlelo, kuba kwinkulungwane indlela abaphandi XVIII-XIX ukuya kwindawo alithandayo kunye zilungelelanise 90 °. w. yavalwa emanzini abandayo yolwandle, umkhenkce nekhephu.

Intsimi ukuya ezantsi, malunga kummandla ngasentla polar, ebizwa i "UMbovane (s) Arctic", kwilizwekazi - Antarctica. I-South Pole kufutshane embindini lizwekazi. zika Geographical le ngongoma - 90 ° S. w.

Le yomzantsi nelizwekazi ebanda

Imozulu ngqwabalala ukuya ezantsi anenkululeko 70 ° S. w. I baqamba "subantarctic" yaye "Antarctic". Kulo nyaka, ngcono seliphantse ukugqitha mahala kwiindawo ikhephu ice komhlaba kunxweme, kwi kohlaza. Ebusika, elunxwemeni kwaye kumntla we-Antarctic Peninsula amaqondo obushushu ezinokuthelekiswa zone arctic ye kumntla ikhweyitha (-10 ukuya 40 ° C). Summer e Antarctica, unako ukufumana okuninzi emhlabeni phakathi kwiziqithi aqumbe, apho ithemometha liphuma ngentla 0 ° C.

Imozulu of Antarctica:

• Winter ithatha ukususela ngoJuni ku-Agasti xesha abanda kakhulu.
• Umyinge Julayi lobushushu zibe phakathi -65 ° kunye -75 ° C
• Summer iqala ngoDisemba kwaye sihlala kude Februwari.
• Lobushushu kwi lunyuka zwekazi ukusuka -50 ukuya -30 ° C.
• Le nyanga zikhuthazayo e Antarctica - January.
• ngosuku Polar ithatha ukususela kuSeptemba ukuya kuMatshi. Ilanga ngaphezu kolundi, eyomeleleyo kufudumeze komhlaba.
• Phantse ezintandathu kweenyanga phezolo, kusibonisa ukukhanya okukhulu le aurora.

nezwe Climate

Antarctica - nemisinga, apho imigqaliselo rhoqo zemozulu yaqala kamva ngakumbi kumazwekazi ohlala. ingqalelo eyodwa sezulu kule minyaka 50-60 edlulileyo isebenzise idatha afunyenwe kwizikhululo kwi inxalenye elizwekazi yonxweme kwelizwekazi emhlophe. Imimandla abanda - mpuma, apho umlinganiselo wobushushu malunga -60 ° C. lobushushu eliphezulu kule ngingqi "East" isikhululo yi -13.6 ° C (16 Disemba 1957). Singu lobushushu ukususela ku-Apreli ukuya kuSeptemba - ngezantsi -70 ° C.

Imozulu eSouth Pole athambe kancinane, le yinxalenye ilizwekazi kufutshane elunxwemeni. ulwazi ngemozulu ukuqhuba 90 ° S. w. kuqokelela abasebenzi isikhululo American "Amundsen - UScott," yathiywa igama imbeko "kwimimandla polar ka kukaNapoleon" Norwegian Roald Amundsen nenye discoverer of the South Pole - eliNgesi Robert Scott. Yasekwa ngonyaka ka-1956, esi sikhululo eSouth Pole yaye ngokuthe ngcembe "siqhele 'ukuya elunxwemeni. Antarctica elimile amajukujuku, lo glacier kancinci umba phansi esuka embindini ukuya emiphethweni, apho alityatye phantsi ngokwayo lesidlo yayo ubunzima, kweyela elwandle. Ebusika kwisikhululo kwisithili "Amundsen - UScott" ubushushu kubonisa -60 ° C, ngoJanuwari Ongathanga awe ngezantsi -30 ° C.

Imozulu kunxweme Antarctica

Xa ihlobo phezu kunxweme ezilwandle ezingqonge kwilizwekazi sisemazantsi, ufudumele kunokuba kwimimandla yezwekazi. Kule Antarctic Peninsula uyafudumala umoya ngoDisemba-Februwari ukuya +10 ° C. Iqondo lobushushu January avareji into +1,5 ° C. Ebusika, Julayi kuthetha ubushushu yenyanga ithotywe -8 ° kunxweme le Antarctic Peninsula ukuya 35 ° C - kuloo mmandla Ross Glacier. Enye zezulu mgaqweni lwase - isantya stock umoya obandayo ifikelela elunxwemeni 12-90 m / umzuzwana (neenkanyamba). Imvula namazinga aphezulu e-Antarctica - a amila. Isikakhulu ukufuma ukhwela lizwekazi ngokohlobo ikhephu.

Antarctica - "multi-polar" ilizwekazi

"Pole of nokungafumaneki" - ligama kwemoto yesikhululo yakhe Russian ezibandayo. hambo Soviet ku Antarctica ukuba ukuqhuba uphando lwezenzululwazi kwi-owuva ye-82 umfuziselo kakhulu kunzima ukususa kummandla weentaba kwilizwekazi.

Kwi nemisinga, kukho "Pole of Ingqele" - ngummandla zophando Antarctic zesikhululo "Vostok", eyasekwa ngamaxesha Soviet. yabhaliswa khona ngoncedo lezixhobo esekelwe emhlabeni, lo kwanala aphakathi kwimbali nimana zemozulu lobushushu lomoya: -89,2 ° C (1983).

Abaphandi ukusuka US, bexhobe data satellite, wazama ukuba umngeni "irekhodi" isikhululo Russian. Amerika ngoDisemba 2013 ingxelo yokuba indawo eqhaqhazelisa on Earth ukho kule ndawo "Dome iFuji" isikhululo engeka eJapan. Iqondo elilelona ukuya Antarctica waba -91,2 ° C, esifunyaniswe phandle i yisathelayithi.

Antarctica - kukho umatshini yehlabathi "multipolar" ngaphandle imida kunye iingalo nobuhlanga. ulawulo lomthetho International yaziswa ngo-1961. Nemisinga inxalenye ezikufutshane ezilwandle ndingenguye amaqela States ukuya sivumelwano kunye namazwe njengombukeli, bakwazi kuphela ukwenza uphando lwezenzululwazi.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni ngenyanga zikhuthazayo e Antarctica kwi Arctic

Uphando North kunye nezibonda South, kwilizwekazi emhlophe emzantsi womkhenkce Arctic belusoloko iqashiso nesibindi kunye nomonde. Namhlanje ehlabathini kukho abantu abaninzi abaye batyelela Antarctica ngaphezu izihlandlo 100. Abanye ukuqhuba uphando, abanye ukunika ukufikeleleka, ukhuseleko, ukubonelela ngoncedo lwezempilo.

Kuya kusiba ngakumbi nangakumbi abo baye phesheya Antarctic Circle bekhangela ngamava kumnandi. Tours ukuba Antarctica xa uqala kubonakala ukuba avelayo ecocekileyo. Enyanisweni, bonke moya, ukuntywila kunye excursions zilungiselelwa kwelona nqanaba liphezulu. izazinzulu Consultants igqwetha lejaji-polar kusetyenziswa icebreakers, kwenqanawe yophando.

Incopho "ixesha" kwimimandla ezibandayo

Ixabiso eliphezulu le-moya okanye babheke elwandle, ndiyise kuloo eMntla naseMzantsi, iindleko eziphezulu matutu yokulungelelanisa musa ukunqanda izama mihla. Ukuchaza intetho ngamanye amazwi a esithi umphathi adumileyo film "Operation" Y "kunye nezinye adventures Shurik." Ngoku ezininzi iinqanawa ezithwele abakhenkethi "ukuhamba" Arctic Antarctic. Imini ikufuphi xa aya kuba ngaphezulu kakhulu. "Season High" kwi-South Pole iqala ngo December kwaye sihlala kude kuJanuwari. Ngeli xesha ingqondo esikhanyayo ngcono yi ilanga, kuza ukuphakama kwasehlotyeni.

Imozulu e North Pole kunomzimba kwi South. Imozulu ixhomekeke kwi engile ukuthambeka encinane ilanga ngaphezu kolundi, iqhwa iingcinga kakhulu kwaye ice ubunakho. Lobushushu ebusika phakathi ngoDisemba NgoFebruwari ehlotyeni ukususela ngoJuni ku-Agasti iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo Antarctic. Iqondo avareji ebusika kwi North Pole -30 ° C. Amaxesha amaninzi kuthi nobudlelwane (-26 ° C), ukupholisa (-43 ° C). Iqondo lobushushu zasehlotyeni avareji - malunga 0 ° C.

Ingaba kukho nayiphi na "iindawo ezimhlophe 'e Antarctica

Ubudala Discovery sele kugqityiwe engama-20 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, S. V. Obruchev - unyana sisazinzulu, umhambi kunye nombhali V. A. Obrucheva ( "Geology aseSiberia", "Sannikov Land"). Sergey Obruchev kuphandwa yokugqibela "amabala amhlophe" kwiMpuma eSiberia Chukotka. Ngelo xesha inxalenye enkulu Antarctica wayesadla ayikaqondwa.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, abaphandi bafumana ice ubukhulu kunye iimpawu isiqabu subglacial, iqokelele iinkcukacha zemozulu eneenkcukacha. iseti Ivaliwe of "amabala amhlophe" kwilizwekazi yesithandathu, kodwa kwilizwekazi ngasezantsi polar nangoku igcina ezininzi iimfihlakalo kunye iimfihlelo. Kuba abahambi ukufunda ngenyanga zikhuthazayo e Antarctica - ngamava amatsha, ithuba ukubona zasendle enqabileyo wenze iifoto ezizodwa.

nokuba uhambo eyingozi Southern Arctic Circle

Iingxelo naziphi na iimeko ezingalindelekanga kunye nabakhenkethi e Antarctica zenzeke, kodwa kunqabile. Ngokomzekelo, kude emdeni Antarctic Peninsula ibibanjiselwe umkhenkce benqanawa Russian "Kapitan Khlebnikov" ngoNovemba 2009. Phakathi abakhweli zayo ngabakhenkethi kunye nabasebenzi evela UK. Isizathu bokumisa iimeko zemozulu ziintsimbi, kodwa kamsinya nje umsinga, inqanawa leyo bakwazi ukuphuma ukusuka 'ekuthinjweni White ". icebreaker Russian kunye kubakhenkethi IsiNgesi kunye nabasasazi olwenzeke kwibhodi yokulwa kummandla woLwandle Weddell (West Antarctica).

Imephu yelizwekazi kunye Antarctic Peninsula, kunika uluvo lokuba indawo yolwandle, kodwa kuphela yabaqhubi benamava ukubamba enkundleni phakathi kwazo. NgoDisemba 2013 umkhenkce bangashenxi wayeka isitya Russian "Akademik Shokalsky". Abakhweli babalekiswa lulahla i icebreaker Australian ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 2014.

Tour to Antarctica - inxalenye eninzi adrenaline enikiweyo

Ngokutsho kwabaphandi e Antarctica, kwilizwekazi ilungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo lombutho Cruises, uhambo, inja sledding kunye neminye imisebenzi ongaphandle. Imbali Cruises zaselwandle Antarctic uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-90. Ngowe-1920, abanini izama imikhumbi baqalisa ukuba ababekhwele kweso abakhenkethi yokuqala abafuna ukuba ubungqina kwilizwekazi emhlophe. Iindleko Cruises mihla kunye nezinye iihambo ukuya kunxweme Antarctica kunye Pole South uvela iidola 5000 ukuya 40,000. ixabiso Tour kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, hayi ubuncinane indima edlalwe yi ukuntsonkotha indlela, a gada tour.