Yalta - Russia okanye Ukraine? Yalta, eCrimea. city Yalta

Yalta kwimephu na emazantsi eCrimea ukusuka Foros entshona kunye ukuya ku Krasnokamenka empumalanga. Uqhekekile umzi ithathwa njenge-capital ukuba Spa losingasiqithi, kukho umkhweli ebalulekileyo port yorhwebo.

History of igama

Isixeko Yalta, kwinguqulelo ixhaphakileyo, ufumana igama layo lithatyathwa kwigama lesiGrike elithi 'Gialos ", bona bubonakala" beach ". Kuba okokuqala kule lali kukhankanyiwe-1154. Imiqolo isixeko Polovtsian kuLwandle Black wavela usiba mbali Arab Al-Idrisi.

Yalta emephini. Iimpawu zomzimba ezindawo

Uqhekekile umzi ibekwe emazantsi losingasiqithi iCrimea. Singene elunxwemeni Yalta Bay, kuLwandle Black. Ngaphakathi kule dolophu kweenduli jangan kunye Uzuko. Ukusuka kwilizwe Yalta lingqongwe kwisangqa le iCrimea Iintaba.

njengokhetho jikelele umtsalane iipaka ezi Vorontsov kunye Livadia, kwaphulwa e Greater Yalta (le yokugqibela kuquka isixeko ngokwayo, Alupka kunye needolophana ezininzi). Kuqala kwinto zonke, baya wayendibonisa ngokobukhulu yawo encomekayo. Xa edala ukuba ziye zasetyenziswa izityalo ezizodwa ngokubanzi zokuhomba amazwe.

Iimpawu sezulu

Uphi na isixeko Yalta? Malunga ngama efanayo njengoko iiholide ezithandwayo Italian Genoa kunye Ravenna. Bamalunga nama-2250 iiyure ngonyaka, umzi caresses ukufudumala kwelanga. Isalathisi efanayo liyi iiholide ezifana obutofotofo Mediterranean njengoko San Remo, Nice kunye Cannes. City Yalta (eCrimea) yahlukile kwimozulu epholileyo, ezifana sehlathi lweMeditera. Ezi ebusika lemvula kunye nowobulali, intwasahlobo opholileyo, ehlotyeni elide yaye kushushu, yaye ekwindla ifudumele kwaye elide (ekuthiwa-Indian ihlobo).

Yalta kwikhadi iCrimea na eyaba efudumeleyo yolwandle kunye iintaba, eba abavikeli ezithembeke emimoyeni ebandayo. Olu phawu geographical inika iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu abakhenkethi.

Yalta (eCrimea) idume ngokuyintloko izibonelelo zalo yolonwabo. Ezifana oovimba njenge "Cape Marian," iCrimea zeNdalo Yalta intaba-ehlathini, ukunika unyango kunye zemozulu ixabiso iiholide.

esimhlophe

Yalta (ifoto mzi thaca kwinqaku) idume elunxwemeni ezimangalisayo. Kodwa, hayi kudala baba siphantsi ukuthotywa ngcembe okubangelwa landslides. Abantu baqala ennoble ngenjongo kumanxweme nje kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo. Ngoko ke, ukuba yayiququzelelwe ukwakhiwa ukugcina iindonga, ukumba imisele kule kolwandle backfilling ngamatye. Ngoncedo milenge ezidadayo efakiweyo-ton-ezilikhulu nasemiphakathweni, kwaye phakathi kwabo baye babekwa izigidi cubic metres kuyo ngasese. Ngenxa yoko, abantu baye bafunda ukuba ukudala nonxweme ngumntu, nkqu nabo areas ngaphambili ingqalelo akafanelekanga ngokupheleleyo lokonwaba.

Izilwanyana, izityalo

Yalta Reserve yindawo ekhethekileyo, apho ikhula malunga namawaka amabini iintlobo zezityalo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. emahlathini wom-oki kunye tshitshilili layigubungela ziinduli dolophu. Nompleyini ziqhelekileyo iScots kunye eCrimea, kwakunye konwele, oki sessile kunye anoboya, maple, hornbeam, beech, pine, dogwood, emibhaka nothuthu intaba.

Amahlathi elunxwemeni kumzantsi zibaluleke kakhulu ukhuselo sokwahlukanisa izehlo nomhlaba ixabiso lolondolozo, ngoko ke ingqalelo koovimba bendalo vika ngenyameko.

Izilwanyana kunxweme iCrimea olusemazantsi ine isiqithi umlinganiswa, kwaye efanayo uhlobo ukuya kuthi xhaxhe. Kule ndawo, ungabona deer ebomvu, nelinqa, iigusha intaba, silwane, marten ilitye, nembila, unomatse-Teleut, yasendle, weasel, impungutye, nembila, lokhwalimanzi, shrew, bat.

iimeko eziphilayo

Okokuqala sonke khetha inani iingxaki ezikhoyo:

• iiyunithi Ubuncinane ezisithoba ngeyure nganye (ngamanye amaxesha eli nani ifikelela ukuya ku-1600 ii-PC.) Of traffic nomthwalo Ilungiselelo ephambili Yalta emini ehlotyeni. Njengokuba ixesha lasebusika, umthombo iphambili ezikhutshwayo eziyingozi kwi-atmosfera zithathwa boilers, iinkqubo zonyango amdaka, urhulumente amagqabi kangako iminyaka emininzi.
• Le xi ubuninzi carbon monoxide koohola Simferopol ifikelela emithandathu Mac (ubuninzi elivumelekileyo yoxinaniso), kunye e Yalta Iindlela - ezintathu Mac. Oku kunokuba ngenxa ukusetyenziswa amafutha libya.
• Njengoko iingcali eyasekwa Yalta phantse eliphezulu kabini ngaphezu xi ngokupheleleyo benzopyrene. Oku kuthetha ukuba isimo eziphilayo kuloo mzi amahlwempu.
• NgoMatshi 2012, i-European Bank for Reconstruction and Development yabelwa hryvnia yezigidi ezilishumi maxesha Yalta amdaka ukunqanda ukulahlwa kwamanzi amdaka avela kulo amanzi oLwandle Black. Noko ke, ngo-2013 nangoku isixeko lwezityalo unyango amdaka zikwimeko embi kakhulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kufutshane kwizibuko le elunxwemeni bedyobhekile amanzi amdaka ngamathuba athile.
• Apreli 2012 yayiphawuleka yingxoxo ebanzi iingxaki ezimbi zokucoca street ezidolophini. Abahlali balapha, umsebenzi yabo yokuzithandela ukuyicoca butyobo evela Yalta. NgoSeptemba waloo nyaka, iziganeko ezifana liqale, kuba abasemagunyeni abazange bakwazi ukugcina ucoceko esixekweni.

A incinane

Egqithiseleyo zokuhlala abemi yamandulo kwintsimi iCrimea - Tauri - afunyanwa yi abembi kufuphi Simeiz, kwi-Cape Ai-Todor kwi ikati entabeni, njengoko kunjalo kwezinye iindawo. Izinto zakudala babelwa malunga ukuya sesine-kweyesihlanu yeXesha BC. Tees baba abaphangi, abalobi, amafama, ngabazingeli kunye nabalusi. indlela yabo yokuphila kungachazwa njenge semi.

Ngokutsho legend, Yalta - isixeko oqalwe oomatiloshe zamaGrike. Kukholelwa ukuba enyuka elide esisibona koLwandle Black, yaye emva kokubona ibhanki elide-ilindelwe, wadanduluka wathi: "Gialos" (as in Greek izandi igama elithi "unxweme"). Ekubeni kula mazwe kunye igama lakhe. Kwiimephu kunye namaxwebhu lwekhulu XIV. lowo umzi ibizwa ngokuba Yalita, Gialita, Kallithea kunye Etalita.

Yalta - Russia okanye Ukraine? Okwangoku fanele ku Russian Federation, kodwa ehlotyeni ka-1475 le dolophu, sifana nenxalenye eCrimea, yathinjwa Ottoman Turks. South Coast yafakwa kwi Ottoman. Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane weshumi elinesihlanu kwabakho ukunyikima komhlaba, abatshabalalisa i Yalta. asixhenxe kuphela iminyaka kwindawo satshatyalaliswa baqalisa ukuhlala Armenia kwanamaGrike. Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba ngelo xesha ilizwe fixed ayesasebenzisa igama.

Yalta - Russia okanye Ukraine? Nokuba ngo 1783, eCrimea yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlaliswa abaninzi lamaKristu iCrimea kwi kuLwandle Azov ngo-1778 kwaye yokushiywa le iCrimea AmaTatar eTurkey. Nangona Yalta yayiyilali encinane ngokuloba eyintlango.

ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba

IRhuluneli-General of Novorossiysk lizwe - Bala Vorontsov - ngo-1823 wamnika amakhulu amabini izishumi Yalta umhlaba ngokuxhomekeke ukufuya izidiliya, imiyezo kunye nolwakhiwo. Abanikazi atyebileyo elitsha lenza, ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima ngamakhoboka azo, bamiswa kule Villas kwindawo tofotofo, amabhotwe, zokuhlala, wabeka imiyezo omkhulu mveliso kunye nezidiliya. Ukongeza, ngeli xesha kwakukho iipaki zintle ukuba ndingaba ndisakholisa ukuya iliso balapha kunye nabakhenkethi: Gurzuf, Massandra, i Alupka, Livadia kunye nabanye.

Wakhulela Yalta. Imephu yendawo wavumela Vorontsov uqonde ukuba le lali ukungaqapheleki, kubulelwe mphandle elikhethekileyo bay lula, kungaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu umzi Russian.

iinguqu ezinkulu

1838 Unyaka yabalasela ukubunjwa kwisithili Yalta. Le lali kanye ibhungane wazuza status sixeko. Kunyaka ongaphambili, Count Vorontsov wayalela ukwakhiwa kwendlela zegrabile, nto leyo enxulumene Yalta kunye Simferopol kunye Alushta. Ngo-1848, umzi ifumene uxhulumaniso ngqo indlela ne Sevastopol.

Unxunguphalo Recovery

Ngexesha lemfazwe ka-1853-1856. nzulu ngayo yonke eCrimea. Yalta (ngelo xesha imaphu isixeko kunceda ukuqonda uhlobo kunye nobungakanani yentshabalalo) akukho ngaphandle. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, esi sixeko yaphila, koko, malunga naye baqala njengoko yindawo obalaseleyo. UGqr Dmitriev uNjingalwazi Botkin waphawula ukuba Yalta sezulu salubrious. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba uMlawuli Alexander III wakhupha umyalelo kwi yokwakha amabili - Livadia kunye Massandra.

zokwakha Private kwakhona ukuba bemi ngxi. Ngoko ke, ngomnye wabantu bazizinhanha Russia - Prince Yusupov - sakhiwe kwibhotwe Koreiz, Bala Milutin - Simeiz, Naryshkin - in Mishor.

Ngowe-1886, ngokutsho imiyalelo Alexander III, ulwakhiwo olunqanda ilitye enamandla yaqalwa, kwakunye inkqubo amdaka. Enye iprojekthi waqonda ebalulekileyo ixesha eweni Yalta. kwakhiwe inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi ezidolophini sagqitywa ngowe-1898.

Ngenxa yoko, ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, abaninzi bamazi apho Yalta kwimephu, ngokuba isixeko wayesele esaziwa njenge njengecebo emangalisayo. Inzala amandla iphenjelelwa kukuba kwi 1860s, Livadia, ekufuphi Yalta, waba ngukumkani kwesihlalo esemazantsi usapho.

kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini

Yalta - Russia okanye Ukraine? Russia. Yaye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela, abaninzi amalungu yezikhulu komlawuli ingqalelo ngayo umsebenzi wabo ukuze babe sebhotwe, njengexhobongo kunxweme olusemazantsi eCrimea.

Ngo-1914, esi sixeko izikolo ezibini eziphakamileyo kwikholeji yorhwebo yavulwa, ke iiklabhu ezimbini, ezine kuhlawulwa, amathala eencwadi kunye nenani elilinganayo zokubukela.

Le meko kakhulu e Yalta emva otshumeli neziphithiphithi ezimbini - ngoFebruwari nango-Oktobha. Ngokutsho myalelo uLenin kaThixo, zindlu ubunewunewu iingxande bafudukela iyasetyenziswa ebantwini. Ukongeza, ngamandla ukwakha iiholide ezintsha. Okokuqala wavula iingcango zalo sibhedlele "Dolossy". Oku kwenzeka ngo-1928.

Kwakhona, imfazwe ...

Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, amajoni aseJamani ahlala eCrimea. E Yalta, imisebenzi anti-Nazi yaphehlelelwa. Abahlali ihlelwe benikwa yamaYuda. Kukho bahlohlwa yaltintsev 4500. Bonke bephela, kamva wadubula abafileyo kufutshane Massandra. Kweli thuba ukususela 1941 ukuya 1944 Yalta mercilessly olufumana moya yotshaba. Esi sixeko yakhululwa abahlaseli ku-Epreli 1944

Yalta - Russia okanye Ukraine? Ukususela ngo-1954 kude kube 2014 sisixeko sokuqala wayelilungu kumazwe Ukrainian, kodwa ngoku oko yinxalenye Russian Federation.

nembali yakutshanje

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye sele uqalile kuvuselelwa kuninzi Yalta kunxweme. Ngenxa yoko, kakhulu ngcono imeko esimhlophe, ngoku leyo ethatha abantu engaphezu kwewaka ngonyaka, yaye Massandra bade bawongwa "Blue Flag". Ngo-2003, umsebenzi wokwakha kwi chibi umzi sele igqityiwe. Ukususela ngoko, yena a esitratweni evenkileni nje kuphela, kodwa indawo zemisitho abaninzi. Ngowe-2009 bakha indlu yenkonzo-sisikhumbuzo kwi kwini enye, apho kamva bamiselwe egameni Martyrs New kunye kwezono Russian. Yakhiwa imbeko kwisikhumbuzo zonke abamsulwa babulawa ngexesha maxesha anzima, ngexesha leMfazwe Civil and Enkulu Patriotic War. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba sisikhumbuzo ayikho kude ukusuka zidilizwe ngo-1932, eSt Aleksandra Nevskogo indlwana ngomthi, sakhiwe kwinkumbulo abo babulewe terrorist Alexander kwesibini.

Matshi 18, 2014 eCrimea (Yalta kwaye kubandakanywa) yaba yinxalenye Russian Federation. Kwaba phezu ngokususela zimvo lwesizwe kwiintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi koko, kwaye isivumelwano phakathi Russian Federation kunye nabasemagunyeni weRiphabliki eCrimea.

abahlali Yalta onekratshi esazi ukuba ukubiza museum isixeko ekhaya phantsi kwezulu evulekileyo. Yenziwe ukuba ezinye yezikhulu Russian, ilali-kanye encinane ngoku iiholide ethandwayo. Abakhenkethi abasuka kumazwe amaninzi bayakuvuyela ekufakeni ezi kumalwandle zasekuhlaleni phantsi kwelanga efudumeleyo Yalta.