Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky kunye Pushkin uAleksandr Sergeevich: The Story of ubuhlobo, imisebenzi uthelekiso

Zhukovsky and Pushkin - amagama amabini elikhulu kwimbali iincwadi Russian, i- buchopho amabini, amadoda amabini ezinkulu. ubomi ezinjalo ezahlukeneyo, abalinganiswa ezahlukeneyo, kunye nobuhlobo efudumeleyo onjalo kwiminyaka ezayo! usondele kangakanani Zhukovsky kunye Pushkin, ngokufutshane esichazwe imithombo emininzi. Makhe sizame ukuyijongisisa.

prehistory

Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky - wazalwa ngo-1783, unyana ongumgqakhwe ka nomntu ongumninindlu Afanasiya Bunina. Ukuze amnike ithuba ukuze ufumane imfundo kwaye iwonga elithile eluntwini, Bunin wanika umfana, ukuze yamkelwe abahlwempuzekileyo uLord Andrey Zhukovsky. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba amalungiselelo umntwana unesiphiwo kwindlu yabahambi entle, apho waqala ukuzibonakalisa italente yakhe zoncwadi.

kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu kamva, ngowe-1799, ibe amanene yokuzalwa kusapho oluhlwempuzekileyo kodwa ophucukileyo ubungqondi iincwadi Russian - uAleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin. Uthe xa eneminyaka engama 13 ukuba babhalise Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, apho isimo ezahlukeneyo bechwayitile, Ukuthanda ububi nemvukelo, inzondo ngokupheleleyo yesayensi zemathematika kunye nesakhono yobuciko zemibongo.

omaziyo

Xa ndandineminyaka eli-17, Alexander ihlangana Vasiliem Andreevichem, lowo udla indlela yakhe eya Tsarskoye Selo, waba ngokwemimiselo wahlobana nentsapho Pushkin , saya esaluni idumileyo zoncwadi kwesihloko.

Ngeli xesha, uAleksandr Pushkin sele eyayidume inani lwemibongo, lo gama Zhukovsky ubuchule sinamandla khona; kuya bafunde ukufunda waphuma ngokuhlwa, ukuba ufunde ilizwi vesi kwimibongo iinguqulelo. Vasily sele kufutshane losapho lobukumkani, futhi ujikeleza phakathi kwizangqa aphezulu.

Yintoni ndawonye kufutshane nabantu ezibonakala ezahlukeneyo, Zhukovsky kunye Pushkin, abakubudala ezahlukeneyo, ubume ekuhlaleni kunye nomsebenzi? Mhlawumbi uthando yokuqala uncwadi kunye novakalelo isimbo enkondlo. Pushkin kufundwa Zhukovsky, waba fan azinikele bakhe, kunye Vasily yakwazi ukubona ngoko nangoko italente lwembongi weqabane layo abatsha obubi. Wakubona naye nekamva eliqaqambileyo.

izinto ezifanayo

Uthando iincwadi negalelo kuphuhliso izinto ezifanayo kunye izihloko incoko. Pushkin kunye Zhukovsky kunye nabazali bakhe baqalisa ukuya ophilileyo Karamzin Batiushkov kunye nabanye ababhali ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Ekunye nomhlobo wakhe, waba lilungu kwisangqa "Arzamas", apho wayefunda isihobe, wabhala waza sacengceleza imibongo, bakhuphisana isakhono boncwadi. ubudlelwane Zhukovsky and Pushkin yafudumala ngakumbi nokuthembela. Umahluko yobudala akuzange kumthintele le ubuhlobo: ubulumko namava omnye usoloko kaninzi banceda pholisa lokuphathana zobutsha omnye.

umdlalo creative

umsebenzi Zhukovsky liza kuthi ngeendlela ezininzi ngenxa zamaqhawe zakhe. Pushkin ingqalelo ngokwakhe a njengokhozo Vasily, ngenxa yokuba amabali akhe iintsomi faka i-Alexander oselula ukuba yobuciko zabo.

Ngowe-1831, emva kokuba ekuthinjweni kwakhe Mikhailovskoye, Pushkin yaqalisa umhlobo wakhe "ngumntu wasentsomini kunye Umbingeleli of Workman Yakhe Balda" kunye nezinye iziketshi eziliqela. Zhukovsky kakhulu kakhulu lo msebenzi wacela ukuba lilungu kukhuphiswano ahlekisayo. Imbambano oluchaphazelekayo Zhukovsky kunye Pushkin ubhale amabali kwisimbo abanam. Ngoko kwakukho edume "Tale of Tsar Saltan kunye nonyana wakhe Guidon ..." yaye "I Tale of the Dead Nkosazana ..." Pushkin and Zhukovsky tale "UKumkani Berende" yaye "I iNkosazana Ukulala." Uthelekiso Pushkin kunye Zhukovsky ngeli thuba kukhokelela kukwazi ukuba Vasily ibambelela Western-style (emva onke, isiseko zamaqhawe zakhe - imisebenzi ngababhali yaseYurophu kunye mibala lwawo zigcinwa), kunye Alexander kuzisa izidalwa zakhe character Russian ngokwenene, kunye namabali zakhe kakhulu nokukhumbuza abantu.

Emva kwexesha elithile, Pushkin azise ukuba enkundleni umhlobo umbongo izilumko zakhe "Ruslan kunye Lyudmila". Kwaye ezifunyenweyo njengempendulo isipho - umzobo V. A. Zhukovskogo kunye nombhalo "Winner lomfundi ukusuka kutitshala isiphukuphuku". Kule Zhukovsky kunye Pushkin ndiwugqibe zokucwangcisa yakhe zoncwadi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kumbongo "Ruslan and Ludmila" Pushkin oselula kuvunyelwe waba lumo likatitshala wakhe kunye namabinzana amahle abuhlungu, into buhlungu gqitha kwiminyaka evuthiwe.

ubuhlobo bokwenene

Yonke iminyaka emva badibana, yaye de kube ukufa Pushkin Zhukovsky waba ukuba umhlobo wakhe oselula uhlobo umsindisi (okanye mgcini?). Ukucaphuka, elifutshane wobulali, yaye maxa wambi ngqo Alexander lingena ezahlukeneyo iingxaki, kodwa Vasily elumkileyo bozakuzo wakwazi ukufumana indlela yokuphuma nayiphi na imeko ngenxa kuye.

Xa ngo-1820 ukumkani imibongo umgca ezingamkelekanga kunye epigrams ezibukhali Pushkin ilungele ukuthumela eSiberia, Zhukovsky, Karamzin, kunye nabanye abantu abanempembelelo kufuneka nomlinganiselo embi liye lathatyathelw 'indawo wokuguqulela kumazantsi eli lizwe. Ngenxa yoku, Alexander ikwazile ukugcina inkonzo kunye nesimo ekuhlaleni.

Zhukovsky wayesondele kwaye nzima ngo-1824, xa nenqala enkulu kunye uyise wembongi ezisengozini ukumangalelana, yaye oku kuya ngakumbi mandundu sele na isikhundla sakhe nenzuzo. Ngenxa izakhono ongunozakuzaku Alexander kwakhona wabona ubabalo kakumkani ibuyiselwe amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu.

Ngowe-1825, ngenxa impembelelo yakhe kwinkundla Vasily wanceda ukuzithethelela Pushkin, ngubani owatyholwa ukubandakanyeka kwimvukelo le Decembrists.

It Zhukovsky phakathi abahlobo abambalwa kakhulu abakholiweyo ukushiya Pushkin ngexesha ekuthinjweni yakhe Mikhailovskoye. Yaye naziphi na iimeko ezinzima wakwazi ukugcina ubuncinane ileta.

Zhukovsky - umhlobo Pushkin kaThixo, owayehlala kufutshane kwaye kule minyaka uvuyo, kwaye ngexesha lentlekele, akazange zingashiyi ukugula nkqu lokufa.

Pushkin of Zhukovsky

Alexander neyabantu umhlobo wakhe izilumko ukususela kwiminyaka lyceum. Nangona na ukhuphiswano yabo embi kakhulu, Pushkin kusoloko zibonwa Zhukovsky, utitshala kunye umcebisi. imitya steel Paradigmatic omnye yemibongo:

nemibongo yakhe ovusa ubumnandi

Kuya eminyaka umgama onekhwele ...

"Ukuhlamba waseZulwini" - imfudumalo kunye ngothando ngokuthi Alexander umhlobo wakhe amthandayo, kwaye iincwadi zakhe wayedla ngokubhekisele kuye kuphela "nomthetheli."

Zhukovsky Pushkin

Malunga Vasily kumhlobo wakhe oselula akazange ngothsuphe nditsho ngokuzithoba, nangona umahluko yobudala kunye nesikhundla ekuhlaleni. Kukhuselekile ukuba zithi yobudala ulwalamano wadlala akukho indima - nto ezo esondele ngokweemvakalelo la madoda mabini. Zhukovsky kakhulu njengoko neempawu ka-Alesandire nesipho lwakhe lwemibongo. Sekunjalo esikolweni yena wayengekho uzuko lwakhe, ukuphembelela, isikhokelo, obangelwa - kude, wada wayeqinisekile ukuba umfundi sele igqithile utitshala.

ukufa imbongi xa

iminyaka 1936-1937 Kwakunzima kakhulu ukuba Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Imbonakalo Georges d'Anthes, ukuziphatha engaphucukanga Natalia bafazi ngamayelenqe amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu, ukunyelisa kunye epigrams athukayo abhekiswe usapho Pushkin, uzama ukukhusela ndili umfazi ... Imeko langoku suku ngalunye.

Kwaye kwacaca ukuba injongo - ukumqumbisa imbongi irascible ukuya Kungquzulwano. It Zhukovsky ukweyisela kakhulu bacenga Alexander ukuthumela ileta bemnyelisa utshaba lwakhe, ngokuba ngoko ezimbini zokucwangcisa, kuya kuba kunqandwa. It Zhukovsky wambongoza ukuba agcine, oqiqayo, ukuba singaweli izithuko.

It Zhukovsky wenza kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva igumbi Moika imbongi ngoncwino longxwelerhiweyo (nezinga nomnqweno ukukhusela umfazi uthanda zonke enye wathabatha phezu isigwebo).

Isiphelo wadlala joke okhohlakeleyo: yokuzalwa V. A. Zhukovskogo, Januwari 29, yayilusuku ukufa njengekhoboka lakhe elithembekileyo womhlobo ...

Vasily Ukufa wakhathazeka kakhulu umfundi wakhe nomhlobo, nokuba ke wayesazi ukuba wafa umntu omkhulu nje kuphela, kodwa imbongi omkhulu.

Emva kokufa wembongi, ngathi unengelosi, Zhukovsky waphinda wabuya weza uncedo sele uswelekile umhlobo, wamkela ukuze lisiqwalasele kwakhona uze umlawuli zonke iincwadi Pushkin, ixesha yokuqala umyalo wayinikela ngokufihlakeleyo ukuba umfazi wayo - Natalia Nikolaevna.

Zhukovsky and Pushkin - ngumfuziselo ubuhlobo spiritualized, ulwalamano, akanayo self-nzala, eyakhelwe izinto ezifanayo, uthando iincwadi kunye nomnqweno ukunceda nye iimeko ezinzima.