Vardzia, Georgia: imbali, ezinomtsalane iifoto

Ukuhamba nge Georgia, akunakwenzeka ukuba batyelele le ndoda-wenza ummangaliso Ixesha Golden Age - isixeko umqolomba lenene, zaba nemikrolo kungena izibilini namawa zibukekayo.

Oyinkampani lwazo efihliweyo ezinzulwini emhadini, i eMonastri endala eneencwadi eyodwa esekelwe kwaye phantse iminyaka eliwaka yembali - it Vardzia. YaseGeorgia kufanele uyazingca amanxiwa omkhulukazi zembali ubekwe kuye inani ezikhumbuzo ebalaseleyo izakhiwo yamandulo kunye nenkcubeko lesizwe elo lizwe.

Vardzia Ancient - dot enemibala kwi imephu Georgia yanamhlanje

Ngokwendawo Vardzia (Georgia) ikufuphi kumda Turkish emzantsi, kufuphi ilali eponymous kufuphi Akhalkalaki kwiphondo Samtskhe-Javakheti. Cave Monastery lithatha inxaxheba ntlambo lwe Kura River (Mtkvari Georgian), kunye macala onke singqongwe iintaba zingangamsha eCaucasus. Xa nobukhulu bendawo Javakheti Plateau liphuma eliweni Erusheti (yaguqulelwa isuka izandi Georgian efana Bear Mountain), eyenza Ekungeneni ngentsontelo yemisonto emqolombeni yemingxuma twisty monastery yamandulo.

Imvelaphi edume igama laloo mzi

igama Etymology sonorous Vardzia uchaze iintsomi eziliqela yamandulo. uthando Special of Georgians bafumana banentsomi obalisa of a Tamara omncinane, udlala nomalume wakhe emiqolombeni yamawa nasemingxunyeni weemonki zakhiwe. Ukulahlekelwa emehlweni intombazana, lo mntu waqala wakhangela, yaye ngelo xesha kwathi gqi okweqanda oselula emva kwakhe, bevakalisa nje ikukukhalisa "Ak-var, Dzyan" (I mna apha, uMalume!). ngokuvumelana ngoncuthu ngoko emehlweni okumkani, George, ukuba wagqiba kwelokuba igama amazwi akhe intombi Fortress, ubuqaqawuli ukumkanikazi elizayo.

Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, ezidla ukunamathela le mbali, igama Vardzia livela "varjam" Persian - njengoko namaPersi kuthiwa nabemi bamandulo eGeorgia.

Imbali ukwakhiwa inqaba yamandulo

Imbali zakhiwo weemonki ubaleka ezinzulwini XII kwenkulungwane, ubukumkani kude of Queen Tamara, ngubani unanamhla imbeko yonke eGeorgia. Cave city Vardzia ukuba kwakhiwe inqaba zokubonisela ethembekileyo eyenzelwe ukukhusela Borjomi Gorge kwi southerners Mongols silwe. Inkqubo zendalo emiqolombeni komhlaba yeNtaba Erusheti walungiselela isiseko esihle ngokuba ibhuqiwe inqaba kungenakugqithwa elizayo, ukwakhiwa leyo siqalile ebudeni bolawulo George III, yaye waqhubeka intombi yakhe edume uTamara.

Xa woonongendi yayifihlakele ngokupheleleyo izibilini wengxondorha, nokuxhuma komhlaba ekulo izicatshulwa komhlaba. Yomeleleyo kwimbali ezi iindawo yinyikima kuleyo ndawo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIII, wehla inxalenye olungaphandle entabeni, etyhila ngaphambili ezingabonwayo lutshaba, izibonelelo idolophu etempileni.

Nokutshabalala kubomi Vardzia

Ngenkulungwane ilandelayo, eli lizwe baphanga ngokuphindaphindiweyo yi-Mongol kunye namaPersi imikhosi, kubandakanywa ezonakeleyo Vardzia. EGeorgia ukhumbula umlilo inkulu, elungiselelwa namaPersi ngo 1551. Le ntlekele athi ubomi neemonki woonongendi, kodwa, ngumzali, yayiqinisekisa ukungafi umhombiso eyodwa weemonki. Efihliweyo phantsi esekelwe uthuthu lweziko kunye imizobo basinda ngokukhuselekileyo.

Wayithimba inqaba kwinkulungwane XVI, Ottoman yababephethwe kule ndawo ngaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu amabini, ngelo xesha woonongendi wahlala kuyo. Kwiinkulungwane ezimbini kamva, amajoni Russian layithatha evela Ottoman, kwisixeko samandulo, naphantsi neengqameko zetempile yamandulo kwakhona ukuzibamba ubomi.

Kule mihla Vardzia - ngenkuthalo abakhenkethi ye-Georgian National Monument kwaye kule mihla eMonastri ukusebenza. I ikhefu wokuqala emva kweenkulungwane ezinkonzweni ixilongo ezindongeni etempileni 80s emva kwexesha.

Ukususela ngo-2004, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeNkcubeko walungelelanisa ukubuyiselwa eli lizwe, apho wayibuyisela zokwabiwa inkqubo concreted iintanda ezenziwe ixesha. Ngeenjongo zokhuseleko, lendela kunye iindwendwe kwakhiwa zokomeleza ezikhaphukhaphu. Ingqalelo ukuze zidityaniswe isixeko kumqolomba kwi-UNESCO World List Heritage.

An wobugcisa yokuyilwa ngobugcisa kwayo Georgia ephakathi

Ngoko ke yintoni na ezimangalisayo Vardzia? EGeorgia has a lot of yoonongendi umqolomba nezakhiwo, kodwa le ndawo ekhethekileyo ngokwenene. Esi sixeko komhlaba, izakhiwo ingane omkhulukazi kunye nezintsonkothileyo inkqubo! Multistorey Vardzia complex kuquka emiqolombeni ngaphezu ezintandathu nasemingxunyeni imvelaphi yendalo kunye ezenziwe ngumntu, eziqhagamshelene uthungelwano izitrato namatonela, eshiya 800 ubude yaye ngaphezu kwama-50 wehla entabeni leemitha.

Temple Isakhiwo ehlangene amabandla elinesihlanu, intliziyo leyo ke ngoku kukho itempile omangalisayo Ingqikelelo Virgin. Ukongeza kwizakhiwo zonqulo, lomculo zokwakha zedolophu rock kuquka izakhiwo zokuhlala kwaye eluncedo, kwiiholo zokudlela, amathala eencwadi, ezibhateni, bazolulela ngenxa km 3.5 amanzi aphilileyo.

Kwimeko apho kukho isoyikiso yomkhosi nasemagumbini inqaba kungenakugqithwa inokuthatha ukuya ku-20 amawaka abantu ukumelana uwungqinge elide, kwaye eziphumela kweetonela ezintathu efihlakeleyo zinika amajoni Georgian ikushiye ukuhlaselwa imikhosi yamajoni yotshaba.

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo emqolombeni complex

Ukuba nicela Georgians, leyo yento yenza kubo nokuzingca okukuko kakhulu, abaninzi baya kuphendula: Vardzia. Georgia (apho umqolomba entsonkothileyo odumileyo, sixelelwa ekuqaleni kweli nqaku) ngokucalula nokwahlula woonongendi phakathi iindawo izityebi umdla.

Namhlanje le iziko lenkcubeko zigcinwe kakuhle, baxhotyiswa umbane, izinyuko ekhululekile kunye noonogada ekhuselekileyo. Umnyango omkhulu kwidolophu emqolombeni Yinqaba ende encinane inqaba-intsimbi, eyakhiwa emva kwenyikima yimbali. Olu hlobo kumnyango wangaphambili ekhokelela ibandla central kwingcinga zilahlwe ngendlela iseyilana eliphangaleleyo. Umqhele imizobo yayo eludongeni eyodwa kunye ebusweni abangcwele, uKumkanikazi uTamare noGeorge III ezilulutho omkhulu wobugcisa. Abaluqilima etempileni ayiqabe imifanekiso emveli yeBhayibhile. Ngokutsho legend, bekukho sangcwatywa Queen uTamara.

Church of Ingqikelelo ise nzulu emaweni, nangaphandle uyakwazi ukubona kuphela arch kwevaranda, nesibingelelo ubusithelisayo ihleli intshukumo kwigumbi encinane impahla kunye iingubo itempile. kwiipaseji Nciphisa kukhokelela efihliweyo ezinzulwini mzi emqolombeni ezinye iicawa ezincinane neetempile, kodwa nanku ngumthombo encinane enika amanzi eMonastri ukusebenza, apho namhlanje ubomi malunga neshumi elinesihlanu esakhiweni.

Loo amahle Vardzia (eGeorgia). Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo kule ndawo ayiphelelanga woonongendi endala. Xa endhawini yo isixeko rock uqhelane kunye kwimbali iinqaba kunye Tmogvi Khertvisi, tyelela kuloo ndlu yecawa kwenkulungwane X Kumurdo utyelelo nokuba yamandulo ngakumbi umqolomba isigodlo Vanis Kvabebi.

Vardzia (Georgia): indlela ukuya emqolombeni umzi-weemonki

Ukuba ukhetha indlela waya Vardzia, aqalise uhambo ilungileyo ukusuka kwidolophu esemazantsi Akhaltsikhe. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa inkonzo eziqeshisayo emotweni ukuya isakhiwo kumqolomba ngokwabo. Uhambo uthatha iyure. Kwakhona ukusuka kwidolophu isiphekepheke ibhasi "Akhaltsikhe (Georgia) - Vardzia". Apho ukuba ahlale leholide? Choice unayo enkulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abahambi zilungiselelwa ezininzi kummandla guest-izindlu Samtskhe-Javakheti. Unga kuchitha ubusuku kwiihotele ezincinane, iihostele okanye ezindlini eziqeshiweyo zezo lali.

Hayi kude enezakhiwo weemonki lavulwa, kwihotele mihla kunye yokutyela Vardziarezot, umnikelo imbono emangalisayo kwi isixeko mqolomba. Ingakumbi emehlweni encomekayo ebusuku - woonongendi esikhanyayo kunye ukukhanya. Abanye abakhenkethi bakhetha ukuhlala ententeni okanye achithe ubusuku kwi umoya ubangel Georgian.

amanqaku umdla iindwendwe

• Cave isixeko ivulelekile kuluntu unyaka wonke, umsebenzi - iiyure-9 ukuya kwi-19. Uhlolo lonke emqolombeni sakhiwo siza kuthatha iiyure ubuncinane 2,5-3. Itikiti Ixabiso - 3 gel (malunga $ 100) kubantu abadala, itikiti yabantwana - 1 gel.
• Wayecebe ukutyelela komhlaba woonongendi? Musa ukuba kuhambe Stock up on isibane - Inyoba ezininzi kwaye zokuya ezintsonkothileyo lwenziwe izithungu ubumnyama nezangaphakathi.
• Emqolombeni opholileyo pretty nokuba ngeentsuku ezishushu zasehlotyeni, ndisiya njalo endleleni, qiniseka ukuba abangenazimpahla zifudumeleyo.
• ukhenketho okuKhokelwayo woonongendi entsonkothileyo ka Vardzia ukuthwala phantse zonke ii-arhente ezinika umdla eGeorgia.

Ukuba uceba nohambo olunomdla ulwazi ngokusebenzisa enye kwezona ndawo yamandulo ziiriphabliki eyayisakuba yiSoviet - yakho ukhetho Vardzia (eGeorgia). ubuhle Ifoto ezibukekayo i ngaphantsi komhlaba woonongendi kunye iintaba ezingeenxa ukukholisa unike Iinkumbulo iminyaka ezayo.