Iindawo ezithile eluphahleni. Design, izinto zokwakha kophahla

Phambi kokuba uqale nawuphi na umsebenzi wokwakha nokuba, kuyimfuneko ukwenza isicwangciso eziya kusebenza iingcali okanye abanini ekhaya. Umzekelo, ukuba kuyimfuneko kukudala iprojekthi leyo omnye wemisebenzi ebalulekileyo phambi lilungiselelo indlu kophahla labucala.

Iimpawu design

Ukuba bengengabo kwabo bantu aziyo onke amacandelo zokwakha, kwaye andazi ukuba sihlele njani okanye eluphahleni umzobo, kuyimfuneko ukuba basebenzise uhlobo olulodwa iinkqubo zekhompyutha AutoCAD, loo nto iya kuba yanele ukuba ufake iinkcukacha kubungakanani, khetha uhlobo oluthile zophahla - kunye nenkqubo khetha icebo eqhelekileyo. Oku kuya kudala umzobo yodidi oluphezulu, ukubala iiyunithi eliseluphahleni. Kodwa ukuba ukhetha kumzobo umzobo ngokwabo, kuyimfuneko ukuba yancuma ngesimbo wendlu kunye nophahla, ukufumanisa umbala eliseluphahleni.

iimpawu zokuhlala

Kubalulekile ukwenza ubalo athathele ingqalelo umthwalo ezilindelekileyo phezu kwendlu. Inkqubo umzobo iza kuquka iindibano zokuxhoma enkulu. Oku kufuneka kuquke izinto, izixhobo kunye zokubopha. Design ibonelela ukubala okugunyazisiweyo kwindawo eliseluphahleni. Kufuneka ukumisela isixa elichanekileyo lezinto, ukugcina ubushushu thermal, kunye zokubopha. Xa uthe wakha uphahla ishedi, ngoko ke ekubaleni ndawo aya kuba elula kakhulu ukuphumeza. isimo yawo uxande, kunye nokumisela indawo ukuze yande yi ubude nobubanzi. Ukongeza,-0.5 m kwicala ngalinye kufuneka zongezwe ungqameko uphahla.

Yintoni enye ufuna ukwazi ngayo ayile

Ukuba uphahla gable, indawo kufuneka ibalwe ngokufanayo, banikwe ubude emiqadini kunye ungqameko uphahla kulo uphahla kunye gables. Iindawo ezithile kophahla obandayo inkqubo enjalo nzima ngakumbi, kodwa ukubala le ndawo ayikho nzima. Uyilo kuya kufuneka ukuba yahlulwe iimilo ezahlukeneyo uze usebenzise ulwazi yesikolo geometry, leyo uzakubala kummandla ngamnye kubo. Ekugqibeleni, amanani dibanisa up. Phambi kokuba uqale ekuyileni inkqubo kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo umthwalo ikhephu ebusika, kuba ukunqongophala kwithambeka kophahla kunokubangela imithwalo ezongezelelweyo. Ukuba ikhephu angazishiyi phezu kophahla, kuya kwandisa umthwalo mechanical kwinkqubo umqadi.

Ukukhetha izinto

iindawo uphahla uya kudlula kwaye wonke umbandela igqubuthelayo, ngoko kubalulekile ukucinga, kunye inxenye kubo kuya kuba lula ukusebenza. Njengoko yaziwa, ulwakhiwo yendlu element kuyabiza kakhulu yenza kanye eluphahleni. Ukukhethwa kwezinto nophahla linyathelo elibalulekileyo, njengelinge ukugcina kuyo inokukhokelela yokwanda kweendleko ngexesha lokusebenza. Uphahla kufuneka ukukhusela isakhiwo lonke kwaye ukwenza ubomi bayo nkonzo. uphahla zithandwa - sokubhala, njengokuba izinto abasemthethweni ezo imicu asbestos nesamente. Le nto ilungele ukuba ihlale iminyaka ezimalunga nama-40, kodwa phakathi kwezinye iimpawu zakhe HIV:

• ixabiso eliphantsi;
• ukumelana kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi;
• ukumelana noxinzelelo mechanical;
• inqubo yokufaka elula;
• akukho nobushushu wetshati xa imozulu eshushu.

iindawo uphahla kuya kuba lula ukuba amalungiselelo xa ukhetha isileyiti, ukongeza, uphahla uya kuba iipropati kakhulu ekugcineni ubushushu, kuya ukufunxa isandi kwaye iya kubonisa iimpawu iyawulwa umlilo. Kodwa kuye isileyiti nezingeloncedo, ke zibonakaliswa ekunciphiseni iimpawu zokhuselo amanzi phezu kwexesha, kungenzeka ukuvela nophuhliso moss kunye ulele, kwakunye ubu emphethweni sheet. Ukuba ufuna ukwakha uphahla angabizi ethembekileyo, isileyiti iya kuba sisisombululo ogqibeleleyo. Eyona nowethu iphambili izinto ezichazwe ngasentla i nophahla ngentsimbi. Le nto ayibizi kwaye ingasetyenziselwa egubungele nophahla kunye sisimo enzima.

Xa zokwakha mihla yokugubungela eluphahleni ezininzi wayedla 0.5 mm sentsimbi kwalenza leyo isale kwinkqubo lemveliso umhlwa-resistant zinc umaleko. iimpawu emihle olulula yofakelo, ixabiso eliphantsi, ukukwazi ukuhlawula nokuyila ezimbaxa kunye nobunzima ephantsi. Noko ke, kukho izinto ezingeloncedo, ke zibonakaliswa inqanaba ingxolo ukwanda kunye ukubonakala akuthandeki.

ezizezinye

Ukukhetha uphahla, ungasihlawula ingqalelo aluminiyam, nesetyenziswa ekwenziweni metallocherepichnoy nokuma komphetho ezifulelwe. Ukuze kuveliswe izinto aluminiyam ithayile ezisetyenziswa rolls ukuba babe usasazo eziyimfuneko. izinto ezichaphazela enobunzima eliphantsi kwaye zingasetyenziswa phantse kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo sheathing. Ukuba usebenzisa indlela ukusonga klyaymery, ngoko ke Ukufakelwa kophahla akakwazi ukubaqhelisa naziphi mingxuma kwi eziphathekayo.

aluminium nophahla ixesha msebenzi kuba yiminyaka ukuya ku-150, nto leyo ke into ephambili ebangela umxhasi ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha egubungele izinto. Uphahla intsimbi isanda nayo ethandwayo. Ekwenziweni ikhasi isicelo ukutyabeka kumphezulu olunika iyahlala namandla. Inxalenye nakumphezulu umaleko sikhusela izinto ngokudleka kwimarike lolwakhiwo, unako ukufumana iithayile metal kuluhlu olubanzi, nto imelwe imveliso imibala neemilo ezahlukeneyo.

Zophahla kuhanjwa yi sheets metal incence leyo oludibanisa iimpawu bophahla metallocherepichnoy HIV kunye nesigqubuthelo ngentsimbi. Le amaxwebhu unokuba ukutyabeka polymeric, abe ngexabiso eliphantsi. Ukuba ukhetha olu hlobo nophahla, uya nazo efanayo iingxaki abajongene ngabanini izindlu kunye nophahla intsimbi ngesinyithi kunye nentsimbi. Noko ke, iindidi zezixhobo ezikhoyo kunye nezimbi metallocherepichnoy uphahla kwalenza. Kuxhomekeka cover ixesha yokusebenza iintlobo inokwahluka ukusuka kwiminyaka eli-10 ukuya ku-50.

Ukufaka system kophahla

Nodes uphahla umqadi kufuneka ibe namandla oko njengoko kuxhomekeke kwi ukuthembeka kophahla elizayo. Qinisa imiqadi naslonnye ngokusebenzisa izikhonkwane, izikhonkwane, kunye neepleyiti Gvozdeva. Xa usebenzisa izikhonkwane kwi phezulu imiqadi ukuba ahlanganiswe ekupheleni kuphela yaye zibanjwa bebonke baya kuba ngeendleko pads of ngamaplanga manzi okanye umgubo wentsimbi. Inxalenye engentla izixhaso bangathungelana ngokusebenzisa lezikhonkwane, kubhetele ukusebenzisa izibiyeli ezikhethekileyo. Lo bugcisa ayibizi, ethembekileyo kwaye ibonakala ngcono. Maxa wambi kusetyenziswa iipleyiti Gvozdeva ezenziwe ngentsimbi ngesinyithi kunye namazinyo zomgunyathi. Ukuphakama element lokugqibela kufuneka ibe 'ulingana no8 mm kunye nenani imiqolo izikhonkwane ziya kuxhomekeka kubungakanani ungamalungu candelo.

Ukufakelwa yimiqolo kwekhuselo

lophahla lwesakhiwo kufuneka ukukhusela weMahalati yamaplanga ezingakhiyo lwangaphandle impembelelo kwezulu. Ukufakelwa iziqwengana belengalenga zivelisa kakhulu nje, kuba oku wabethelelwa ikreyiti ngezikhonkwane ngendlela uvalo, umgama phakathi kwabo kufuneka ibe malunga nama-30 cm. Le abasuke isiphelo, nto leyo nayo ngokuba umoya, uya kukhusela uphahla singawi phantsi kwezulu metal. Bona efakwe ngaphezulu begoba kwi Inqwanqwa, yaye umgama phakathi kwabo kufuneka ube malunga-35 cm.

Junction aseludongeni

Banqumle uphahla nodonga inika amandla wophahla ukujongana umsebenzi ongundoqo kunye ngokuthembekileyo ukukhusela ekhaya emoyeni kanye kwezulu. Engaveza uphahla metal Kuyinto elula ukuba amalungiselelo, yenye yezinto ezininzi ezifanelekileyo fakelo enjalo. Xa azinze banqumle uphahla eludongeni, phakathi izinto nkqo kufuneka kukho umsantsa, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ukuze umoya kwegazi zendalo kophahla kwisisu. Izixhobo kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa izinto kwiphepha metal banqumle. Icwangcisa ifaskoti ayinakuphunyezwa ngaphandle shtrobleniya inxalenye yesakhiwo eludongeni. Nomphakamo-20 cm kufuneka yenziwe nomkhombe kabani ubunzulu yi-3 cm. Iinkalo ukuqhubekekiswa ilungu sealant, yaye inxalenye eliphezulu lifakwe kwi Stroebe.

Inxalenye esezantsi imveliso kufuneka icinezelwe ngokuchasene zokubopha kumphezulu uphahla, apho mayixhotyiswe gasket iirubber. Ukuba usebenzisa isakhiwo exananazileyo ifaskoti, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa iqondo eliphezulu uphawu. Ngaloo ukusuka shtrobleniya lwakhiwo eludongeni na ayiyomfuneko. Ilungu obumbeneyo njengembumbulu eliphezulu ezisisigxina isiseko kunye izikhonkwane, emva kokuba isiseko kufuneka abekwe isahlulo elisezantsi has a atshixe inika uqhagamshelwano ethembekileyo.

pipe uphawu

Uphawu pipe kophahla iza kuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo imbawula. Xa wayegqiba itshimini kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa i ebizwa ngokuba yi-njengomqala sheets metal yoxande. ububanzi yabo kufuneka ixabise-40 cm. Ukuze agqibe itshimini phezu kophahla iishingles linokusetyenziswa Connect ebhedini lunemiba. Uphawu pipe kophahla kophahla isakhiwo, apho ithambeka yi-30 ° okanye ngaphezulu, kuquka ukufakela iplanga eyodwa iza kukhusela inxalenye ngasemva ityhubhu ukusuka emvula.