Parameters Inkcazelo umoya ngaphakathi nangaphandle kunye nemisebenzi

Umntu omdala yenza mzuzu ngamnye ukususela Ukuphefumla elinesine ukuya kumashumi amabini, nabantwana, ngokuxhomekeka kubudala, unako ukwenza ukuya Ukuphefumla mathandathu ubude elinye ixesha. Le reflex unconditioned, nto leyo inceda umzimba ukuze asinde. ukuphunyezwa kwayo iya ngaphaya kwemida kwamandla wethu kunye nokuqonda. Lwangaphandle kunye nokuphefumla lwangaphakathi kunye abe ebizwa ngokuba yi-umyalezo. Isebenza umgaqo ingxelo. Ukuba iiseli azinayo ioksijini ngokwaneleyo, umzimba kwandisa izinga ukuphefumla, kunye vice versa.

definition

Ukuphefumla - esi senzo slozhnoreflektorny oluqhubekayo. Yena unika yigesi igazi rhoqo. It iqulathe amanyathelo amathathu okanye amakhonkco: ukuphefumla zangaphandle iigesi yezothutho okanye izityalo kufumaneka bantu. Ukusilela kunokwenzeka nakweliphi na inqanaba. Yena uyakwazi bukhokelela hypoxia kunye nokufa. An umoya lwangaphandle - linyathelo lokuqala apho exchange igesi kwenzeka phakathi umntu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Okokuqala, umoya engena alveoli. Ke kaloku, inyathelo elilandelayo kubengezele kungena egazini izithuthi ukuba emzimbeni.

Indlela oksijini ngokungenisa igazi ngokusekelwe umahluko uxinzelelo kwenxenye zegesi. Exchange kwenzeka ecaleni ithambeka yoxinaniso. Oko ke igazi ezinomthamo eliphezulu kwekharbon diokside lula wamkela imali eyaneleyo ioksijini, kwaye vice versa. Kwangaxeshanye ijwabu nokuphefumla zezi zilandelayo: ioksijini egazini ungena kukho icytoplasm yeseli, uze emva koko ehamba uthotho ekudibaneni kwemichiza, ebizwa kwikhonkco sokuphefumla. Ekugqibeleni, itshaneli neuropathy inikezelwa icarbon dioxide kunye nezinye iimveliso metabolic.

air bokwakha

internal yangaphandle uxhomekeke ngamandla malunga nokuqulunqwa kwenqaku emoyeni. Inowuthi oksijini equlethwe kuwo, kuyanqaba ukuya babe Ukuphefumla. Ngokwesiqhelo, malunga okwakhiwa umoya:

• nitrogen - 79,03%;
• umoya - 20%;
• carbon dioxide - 0.03%;
• zonke ezinye iigesi - 0.04%.

Kwi siphefumla, umlinganiselo amacandelwana utshintsho ezininzi. Icarbon dioxide luyanda kwi-4%, kunye mpilo yancitshiswa kakhulu.

Ubume isixokelelwano sokuphefumla

inkqubo yokuphefumla lwangaphandle uthotho neetyhubhu ezihambelanayo. Phambi kokuba angene alveoli, umoya iya elide ukuze ufudumale kwaye zicacile. Yonke lento iqala kunye iivesi ngeempumlo. Zezona isithintelo yokuqala eluthulini kunye nokungcola. Kwaneenwele ezi emi phezu isifo ngeempumlo, kugcina amasuntswana ezinkulu, yaye ziindawo ngokusondeleyo wesikolo bebekwe ngokwahlukeneyo omnye umoya efudumeleyo.

Emva koko kufike nasopharynx kunye oropharynx, emva kwabo - kwingqula, uqhoqhoqho, bronchi ephambili. ZifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe yahlulwe isithinzi ngasekunene nangasekhohlo. Bona lwamasebe ngaphandle, kusekwe umthi inyumoniya. Le bronchioles incinane nokuphela kwisingxobo elastic - alveoli. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imazi ibonakalisa ngakwimida yomoya bonke, exchange igesi lwenzeka kuphela ekupheleni kwabo. Isithuba elingasetyenziswanga kuthiwa ufile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubukhulu balo ufikelela ukuya ku ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu ngeemililitha.

umjikelezo zemigudu

umoya A Umntu esempilweni bukaThixo ebanjwe izigaba ezithathu: inhalation, nomphunga kunye umise. Ngexesha lonke lenkqubo ithatha malunga ezimbini ezinesiqingatha ukuya kwimizuzu elishumi okanye ngaphezulu. Oku umntu kakhulu parameters. An umoya wangaphandle kuxhomekeke kakhulu okusingqongileyo apho ephilayo ahlala kunye nemeko yayo yempilo. Umzekelo, kukho izinto ezifana izinga kunye nezinga zokuphefumla. Bona kumiselwa inani iintshukumo ze esifubeni ngesiquphe Ubukhulu zabo. Ubunzulu of nokuphefumla na kumiselwa ngokulinganisa umthamo umoya okanye enesiqu esifubeni kwi inhalation kunye nomphunga. Le nkqubo ibonakala ngcono.

Breath kwenzeka ngexesha yindibanisela uvalo kunye intercostal kwizihlunu. uxinzelelo ezigxekayo wadala kule ndawo, efana "yadika" umoya emiphungeni. Kulo mzekelo, esifubeni iyavuleka. Siphefumla lo nomkhwezeli: izihlunu phumla, iindonga alveoli badla ukuphelisa hyperextension kwaye kubuyela kwimo yayo yoqobo.

umoya pulmonary

Ukufunda umsebenzi nokuphefumla kuye kwanceda izazinzulu siqonde ngcono indlela yoqulunqo inani elibalulekileyo izifo. Bade waveza isebe elahlukileyo amayeza - Pulmonology. Kukho iindlela ezininzi apho ephonononga umsebenzi isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Iimpawu internal lwangaphandle azikho ixabiso ngqwabalala. Baya usenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke umntu siseko, ubudala kunye nobume bempilo:

1. umthamo noTidali (ML). Esi sixa womoya ukuba umntu ephefumlayo kwaye lona lodwa. KwiSithethe - evela ngeemililitha amathathu anamakhulu ukuya anamakhulu asixhenxe.
2. Inspiratory umthamo (DOM). Lo moya, nto leyo kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukongeza emiphungeni. Umzekelo, ukuba emva Ukuphefumla Ukunyenyiswa cela umntu ukuba athathe umoya.
3. Expiratory umthamo (isebe samapolisa). Lo mqulu komoya eshiya imiphunga, ukuba emva nomphunga eziqhelekileyo wenze nzulu. Omabini la manani iilitha ezimalunga enye enesiqingatha.
4. umthamo residual. Esi sixa womoya ehleliyo imiphunga emva ingumphunga nzulu. lingakanani - evela ngeemililitha eziliwaka elinesihlanu lamakhulu.
5. Abane nani lwangaphambili kunye zenza amandla ebalulekileyo lung. Xa abantu, nto ilingana neelitha ezintlanu kwabasetyhini - emithathu enesiqingatha.

umoya pulmonary ngumthamo lonke umoya udlula imiphunga ngomzuzu omnye. Xa omdala onempilo yedwa, eli nani zindanda emhlabeni ezintandathu - iilitha ezisibhozo. Ukufunda umsebenzi nokuphefumla kufuna abantu nje kuphela sifo, kodwa iimbaleki, ngokunjalo nabantwana (ingakumbi iintsana ngaphambi kwexesha). Kudla lwazi ofunekayo labagula kakhulu, xa isigulane idluliselwa le mpilo (internal ngumntu) okanye zisuswe kulo.

Types ephefumla

umsebenzi zokuphefumla yangaphandle kuxhomekeke kudidi lwe nkqubo. Kwakunye siseko kunye nesini somntu. iintlobo ezimbini zingahlukaniswa kwi nokuphefumla indlela esifubeni ukwanda:

• Isifuba, apho ezinemiphetho nokunyuka. Yena kugcwele kwabasetyhini.
• Besisu xa uvalo ekuweni. Olu hlobo ukuphefumla sizalwa kakhulu ngabantu.

Kukho uhlobo engumxube, xa ebandakanya onke amaqela kwezihlunu. Eli nani yodwa. Kuxhomekeke nje kuphela isini, kodwa kubudala loo mntu, njengoko nokushukumisa esifubeni kule minyaka kunciphisa. Ichaphazela kuye msebenzi: nzima umsebenzi, kokukhona ixhaphake uhlobo esiswini.

iintlobo yezifo kunokuphefumla

Izalathi si zokunikwa internal lwangaphandle utshintshe kakhulu phambi wokuphefumla lokubandezeleka syndrome. Asinto sisifo esahlukileyo, kodwa kunokuba sisiphumo ngezifo zeminye imibutho: intliziyo, imiphunga, adrenal, isibindi, okanye zezintso. Cider udlula ngazo zombini ifomu oyingozi futhi ezigulo ezondeleyo. Ukongeza, yahlulelwe kwii ntlobo:

1. Obstructive. Ukuphelelwa umoya kuvela umoya.
2. uhlobo Ingqongqo. Ukuphelelwa umoya ivela kwi siphefumla.
3. Mixed. Kuyinto eyaziwayo ukuba terminal isigaba kwaye kuquka iinketho zokuqala ezimbini.

Ukongeza, kukho iindidi ezininzi yokuphefumla ezingaqhelekanga, ezo nto zibambene ukuba isifo esithile:

• Cheyne - Stokes. Ukuqalisa ukusuka kumphezulu, ukuphefumla anda yaye ngokuthe ngcembe kuwo umoya yesihlanu okanye lwesixhenxe ifikelela amaxabiso eziqhelekileyo. Wabuya ke ayasweleka ezingekhoyo. Ekupheleni ikhefu ethile langoku - imizuzwana embalwa ngaphandle ukusezela. Senzeka kwiintsana nenkxwaleko ingqondo, ukunxila, hydrocephalus.
• Kussmaul uphefumlayo. Le nzulu, ukuphefumla nengxolo kunye kunqabile. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha hyperventilation, asidi, angabikho zingqondweni seswekile.

Pathology internal yangaphandle

Ukophulwa internal yangaphandle kwenzeka njengoko ekusebenzeni eqhelekileyo umzimba, yaye kwiimeko ezinzima:

1. Tachypnea - imeko apho izinga sokuphefumla mkhulu amaxesha amabini ngomzuzu. Ngamanye amaxesha zombini komzimba (emva kokuba umthwalo, kwigumbi ukuvaleka) kunye zophendlo lwezifo (izifo igazi, ifiva, fane).
2. Bradipnoe - umpefumlo esinqabileyo. ezinxulumene Ngokuqhelekileyo nezifo luvo, ukwanda koxinzelelo intracranial, nokudumba ebuchotsheni, angabikho zingqondweni, ukunxila.
3. Belele - ukungabi okanye ukumisa ukuphefumla. Mhlawumbi ngenxa ukushwabana izihlunu nokuphefumla, ubuthi, ukwenzakala entloko okanye nokudumba lobuchopho. Sikwakhupha uphawu apneas zokulala.
4. Dyspnea - uphelelwa ngumphefumlo (dysrhythmia, rhoqo kunye nobunzulu nokuphefumla). Oku kwenzeka stress xa kakhulu emzimbeni, isifuba inyumoniya, iphika ezondeleyo obstructive, lwegazi.

Apho kuyimfuneko ulwazi malunga iimpawu ukuphefumla kwangaphandle?

ukufunda internal lwangaphandle kufuneka kwenziwe ukulungiselela iinjongo yoxilongo ukuvavanya imo yokusebenza kwinkqubo yonke. Izigulane abawela iqela umngcipheko lo, ezifana abatshayayo okanye abasebenzi kwimizi eziyingozi kanjeyana phendla anento izifo emsebenzini. Ukuze oogqirha kunye Iintlungu imo lo msebenzi ubalulekile ekulungiseleleni sesigulane utyando. ukufunda olutshintshayo internal lwangaphandle lwenziwa ukuqinisekisa uvavanyo lokukhubazeka nokukhubazeka ngokubanzi. Kwakhona xa kujongwa emayezeni kwizigulane kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo ngentliziyo okanye lung.

iintlobo zophando

Spirometry - indlela ukuvavanya ubume isixokelelwano sokuphefumla ngokwemiqathango wokuphelelwa eqhelekileyo ngenkani kunye nomphunga-1 yesibini. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuze ukuqhuba uvavanyo diagnostic kunye bronchodilator. kubume bayo usendleleni yokuba isigulane udlula kwetyala kuqala. Ngoko ke ufumana iziyobisi bephefumla ukuba dilates lo bronchi. Kwaye emva kwemizuzu eli-15 idlula kwakhona isifundo. Ezi ziphumo zithelekiswa. Umqukumbelo ukuyilungisa okanye ntuthuko isifo umgudu.

Body plethysmography - yenziwa ukuvavanya amandla lulonke imiphunga kunye yomoya yokunganyangeki ashukimisayo. Ukwenza oku isigulane kufuneka uphefumlela umoya. Le zibekwe egumbini etywiniweyo. Xa eli nani igesi nje kuphela, kodwa force kuwo arhogelwe, kwaye isantya sokuqukuqela air ezirekhodiweyo.