US inkqubo yezopolitiko: amagunya karhulumente

I-US inkqubo yezopolitiko ezimiselwe ngumthetho yabo esisiseko --siseko, owamkelwe ngowama-1787. Imigaqo ephambili nokuchaza ingqiqo inkqubo njengoko kubonisiwe kule izilungiso yamkelwa kamva, okanye eminye imithetho. Igunya lokusebenzisa siseko kwamandla karhulumente idlulisela uRhulumente States Federal. Umthetho iphambili lizwe njengoko kuchaziwe yi-siseko kokwahlulwa amagunya amathathu, phantsi apho urhulumente wezwe ubunjwe imizimba obuza azimeleyo: umthetho, yolawulo kunye eyenkundla. Nabo ke, zisebenza ngokwahlukileyo enye kwenye.

I-siseko US yenziwe iinxalenye ezininzi:

• Kwintshayelelo, apho ezona njongo ziphambili ze-siseko ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha, inani u-85;
• Inqaku - iiyunithi 7;
• izilungiso - zesiliva 27, ishumi lokuqala apho - le Bill of Rights.

US inkqubo yezopolitiko: isebe yowiso karhulumente

Umzimba otshatsheleyo igunya lowiso eUnited States iPalamente bicameral, ekulelona US Congress, equka i-US yeeNgwevu kunye neNdlu US of Representatives. Xa iNdlu Yeengwevu nganye ye-50 ithi na ummeli ezimbini. Inani elithile labantu ingaba uRhulumente othile iya kumiselwa emva kweminyaka elishumi, kuxhomekeke kwi labemi kwi imeko ethile. Kodwa, nkqu ukuba inani labantu abahlala ezincinane, chaza nganye ummeli kwi US Yeengwevu ubuncinane enye. ENdlu yeeNgwevu onyulwa iminyaka 6, abameli kwiminyaka emibini. Ngamnye kubo izihlandlo ezininzi njengoko kunyulwa.

Amandla elawulayo eUnited States

amandla Executive kwi US ikhutshwa phandle kuphela nguMongameli, amagunya apho zinkulu kakhulu. yonke izixhobo karhulumente na kweliso lakhe ngqo, kuquka abalungiseleli, iintloko zamasebe. UMongameli uyalela yonke indlela ye-ofisi yolawulo.

unit Executive nge ngumongameli zenze karhulumente amandla kaMongameli. UMongameli wathwala ulawulo ukubunjwa iKhabhinethi kunye neebhodi olawulo. AbaPhathiswa besiGqeba sombuso, nto, nto egunyazisiweyo ukuba izenzo karhulumente, ukuba yibhodi yokucebisa, ngoko uMongameli akakwazi ukulandela abo icebo.

Ifomu e US ebukumkanini

Ifom ye urhulumente ibonakalisa indlela umbutho kunye nolwakhiwo igunya ephakamileyo, imimiselo esisekelwe phezu kwazo esekelwe intsebenziswano phakathi amaziko ayo ahlukeneyo kunye inxaxheba abantu bakaThixo ekubumbeni units amandla lizwe.

Ifom ye urhulumente iipropati esisiseko embalwa:

• ndlela, nto leyo ukuyilwa kumanqanaba aphezulu amandla;
• imizimba isakhiwo;
• imigaqo eyayisekelwe impefumlelwano amagunya: lowiso, isigqeba,
• intsebenziswano phakathi kwabemi kunye karhulumente amandla;
• izinga inkululeko ukubonelela abantu izakheko ngamandla.

I-US inkqubo yezopolitiko umiselwa uhlobo republic karhulumente, apho kuqinisekiswa yi-siseko kaRhulumente (Art. IV). uhlobo Republican urhulumente eUnited States iphunyeziwe ngohlobo uyiRhiphablikhi kamongameli kwaye siseko ilandelayo: Mongameli weRiphabliki (kule meko US) - intloko karhulumente kunye norhulumente zikarhulumente akukho kuphendula Congress, uMongameli akukho igunya wavala ezingontsini Congress.

I-US inkqubo yezopolitiko, inkqubo kwamandla karhulumente kweli lizwe zisekelwe kumgaqo yokuzahlula kwamagunya. Lo mgaqo eUnited States, iimeko wajika waba inkqubo checks and balances. Ulwalamano Eyona ezikhoyo phakathi kwemibutho ezintathu ezakha amandla kwi kurhulumente - i US Mongameli, Congress, iNkundla Ephakamileyo - bajamelene utshintsho rhoqo, ke, loo nto ihlala umgaqo esingagunqiyo sisahlula.