Umsebenzi Malevich ngayo kule minyaka: incazelo, photo

imisebenzi Malevich amele ezinye mpawu ezigqamileyo zobugcisa nje namhlanje. Umsunguli Suprematism, igcisa Russian kunye Soviet sangena ehlabathini imbali lobugcisa kunye kumzobo "Black Square", kodwa kuphela kulo msebenzi, umsebenzi yakhe ayeke khona. Ngenxa imisebenzi edume wegcisa kufuneka ibe yeqhelekileyo wonke umntu cultured.

Bempilo kunye neengcali zobugcisa wesimanje

umsebenzi Malevich abonisa ngokucacileyo imeko kuluntu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. Le artist wazalelwa eKiev ngo-1879.

Ngokutsho ibali sakhe ngobomi bakhe, umboniso uluntu wegcisa yaqala Kursk ngo-1898, nangona kungekho bungqina bamaxwebhu soku ukuyityhilelwa.

Ngowe-1905 wazama ukuba bangene School eMoscow of Irestyu yeHlabathi. Noko ke, akazange kwamkelwa. Ngelo xesha, Kursk Malevich wahlala intsapho - nenkosikazi yakhe kunye nabantwana Zgleyts Casimir. Ebomini babo, ukuba liqhekeke, ngoko nkqu wangena, Malevich akazange afune ukubuyela Kursk. Le artist kuhlala Lefortovo kwi Thethani yokuluka. I enkulu indlu opeyintayo Kurdyumova wayephila malunga 300 zabazobi. Malevich wayehlala Thethani kangangeenyanga ezintandathu, kodwa, phezu kwazo iirenti ephantsi kakhulu, imali wabaleka kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva, yena kwafuneka sibuyele Kursk.

Ekugqibeleni, Malevich wafudukela eMoscow kuphela ngo-1907. Wayesiya kwiiklasi yi Fedora Rerberga. Ngo-1910 waqalisa inxaxheba kwimiboniso yombutho ezinobuchule ekuqaleni avant-garde , "Jack of Diamonds." Umfanekiso yaqala ukuvela, owakukhuphayo kuye udumo ngamazwe kunye nokuqondwa.

"Suprematist Isakhiwo"

Ngowe-1916, umsebenzi Malevich sele eyaziwa kakuhle kwikomkhulu. "Suprematist Ubume" kubonakala ngelo xesha. Kubhaliwe ioli phezu ngelaphu. Ngowe-2008 wathengisa ngayo kwifandesi, "Sotheby" ngenxa $ 60 million.

Ngelo ifandesi wabeka up indlalifa wegcisa. Ngowe-1927, oko kuboniswa kwi mboniso eBerlin.

Xa kuvulwa kwigalari Wayemelwe yi Malevich wayo ngokwakhe, kodwa kungekudala kwafuneka abuyele, kuba abasemagunyeni eSoviet akazange avuselele visa aphesheya. Wonke umsebenzi kwafuneka ukuba ahambe. Kwakukho malunga 70. nolu wamiselwa umyili waseJamani Hugo Ukwabelana. Malevich kulindeleke ukuba abuyele imifanekiso kwixa elizayo, kodwa phesheya ngeke baphinde akhululwe.

Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, Ukwabelana wegqitha wonke umsebenzi Malevich, owayigcinayo kwiminyaka yakhe emininzi kwisixeko Amsterdam Museum (eyaziwa ngokuba Steleleyk Museum). Hering liye lenza isigqibo, ekuthe zonke nyaka lolondolozo lwembali kwafuneka iminyaka eli-12 ukuhlawula kuye imali ethile. Ekugqibeleni, ukufa ngokomakhi, izalamane zakhe, ngoko nangoko emva ukuphumeza ilifa, siye safumana yonke imali kwangoko. Ngoko ke, i "Suprematist Ubume" ukubetha iziseko Museum Amsterdam City.

Iindlalifa Malevich wathabatha amalinge ukuba zibuyisele imizobo, ekubeni i-imi- 70 lwekhulu XX. Kodwa abazange ngempumelelo.

Ngowe-2002 kuphela, 14 imisebenzi evela Amsterdam lolondolozo lwembali zanikezelwa mboniso "Kazimir Malevich. Suprematism." Kuye kwaqhutywa i Guggenheim Museum kwi-US. Malevich iindlalifa, abanye babo abangabemi of America, bafaka isimangalo nxamnye imyuziyam Dutch. Gallery Guide baya kwisivumelwano pre-kwetyala. Ngokutsho iziphumo-5 ka-36 mizobo yi wegcisa Babuyiselwa inzala yakhe. Endaweni ziindlalifa wala mfo.

Lo mfanekiso nangoku womzobo kuyabiza kakhulu lomculi Russian wakha kuthengiswa kwifandesi.

"Black Square"

"Black Square" yi Malevich ngomnye abaninzi bakhe bathetha ngayo imisebenzi. Oku yinxalenye yomjikelo imisebenzi wegcisa, elingcwele Suprematism. Kuyo, Wafunda iimpawu ezingundoqo ubume kunye nokukhanya. Ukongeza isikwere, kule triptych painting langoku "Black Cross" yaye "Black Circle".

Ukupeyinta Malevich wabhala ngo-1915. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngenxa mboniso yokugqibela Futurists. umsebenzi Malevich Jonga "0,10" ngo-1915 ziye wawuxhoma, ukuze ndithethe, kwi "kwikona ebomvu". Kule ndawo apho icon yabekwa "Black Square" ngokwemveli hung kooronta Russian. Eyimfihlakalo kakhulu kunye nomfanekiso kakhulu anomngcipheko kwimbali yokudweba Russian.

ezintathu ezingundoqo Suprematist - isikwere, emnqamlezweni, isangqa, xa kwithiyori zobugcisa kugqalwa benchmark ezivuselela i ingxaki ngakumbi kwenkqubo Suprematist. Kuxhomekeke kubo elizayo azalwa ngeendlela ezintsha Suprematist.

Abaphengululi abaninzi mculi uzame ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukufumana uguqulelo lokuqala mfanekiso, ziza kubekwa phantsi umaleko phezulu yepeyinti. Ngenxa yoko, i-X-ray lwaqhutywa ngo-2015. Ngenxa yoko, kuba ikwazile ekwahluleni imifanekiso ezimbini umbala, apho ibekwe phezu ngelaphu efanayo. Ku ekuqaleni ndilirholile kubofuturisticheskogo composition, kwaye singasentla nayo protosuprematicheskaya. Kuphela ke bonke bawuzalisa kvardrat emnyama.

Izazinzulu kwakhona uyakwazi ukuwuqonda mbhalo apho umzobi ekhohlo kwi ngelaphu. Ngawo la amazwi "Battle of Negro emqolombeni emnyama", leyo kubhekisela mveliso odumileyo iingcali zobugcisa ezinombala Alfonsa Alle, leyo yena walizinzisayo ngo 1882.

Nje kwenzeka igama lo mboniso, nto leyo ibonisa umsebenzi Malevich. benokufunyanwa iifoto ukusuka vernissage nakwindawo zokugcina ezindala kunye neejenali ngayo ixesha. Ubukho lemivo 10 abonisa inani le-nxaxheba ngabaququzeleli. Kodwa akukho nto yathi ngento eza kuboniswa 'ibhokisi black "leyo, ngokutsho umbhali, uza ukunciphisa yonke eqandeni.

ezintathu square

Ukongeza i "Black Square" ngemisebenzi Malevich baba ezimbalwa zezi iimilo zejiyometri. Ewe, kwaye "Black Square" ekuqaleni unxantathu elula. Akabanga engile engqongqo ekunene. Ngoko ke, ukususela kwinqanaba Ngenxa kuphela wew loo nto quadrangle, hayi isikwere. mbali Art bathi yonke into hayi yokungakhathali umbhali, kwaye isikhundla umgaqo. Malevich wazama ukwenza imilo ogqibeleleyo, nto leyo kuza kuba nzima obuluqilima kunye mobile.

Kwakhona, kukho imisebenzi emibini ngu Malevich - izikwere. Le "Red Square" yaye "White Square". Womzobo "Red Square" siboniswe mboniso avant-garde "0,10". isikwere White wabonakala ngo-1918. Nangona umsebenzi Malevich, ifoto apho namhlanje kuyo nayiphi na incwadi zobugcisa, bezibonela ibakala xesha "white" of Suprematism.

"Eyimfihlakalo Suprematism"

Ukususela 1920 ukuya kowe-1922, Malevich wayesenza umsebenzi phezu womzobo "eyimfihlakalo Suprematism." Kwakhona eyaziwa ngokuba yi "umnqamlezo omnyama phezu elimbhoxo ebomvu." Ngelaphu zipeyintwe ioli phezu ngelaphu. Kuye kuthengiswa kwifandesi, "Sotheby kaThixo" kuba phantse 37 amawaka eerandi.

Ubukhulu becala, ekupeyinteni ulandela isiphelo "uyilo Suprematist", nto leyo sele kuthethiwe kubo. Kwakhona ukuvela iingqokelela ze-Museum of Amsterdam, yaye kuphela emva kokuba unyango Malevich neendlalifa enkundleni, baba ukwazi ukwenza ubuncinane inxalenye mizobo.

"Suprematism. 18 design"

Umsebenzi Malevich, iifoto kunye amagama enokufumaneka ngayo nayiphi na incwadi ngembali yobugcisa, captivate kwaye bazibandakanye ingqalelo.

Enye umzobo umdla - umzobo, Ibhalwe ngo-1915 "Suprematism 18 wokwakha.". Ngelo ifandesi, "Sotheby kaThixo" ithengiswe ngo-2015 phantse $ 34 million. Kwakhona wabonakala ezandleni kwiindlalifa umzobi emva kwetyala kunye Museum Amsterdam City.

Enye umzobo, waziqhekeza Dutch yaba "Suprematism: ubangel ngokoqobo footballer nobunzima isiSwati kwi nenkalo yesine.". Uye wafumana umnini wayo ngo-2011. It obafunyanwa Institute of Art e Chicago ukuba isixa akazange afune ukuba bazise uluntu. Kodwa lo msebenzi ngo-1913 - "Desk kunye Room" ingabonwa kwi umboniso enkulu Malevich e Madrid kwigalari "Tate". Yaye yafaka iye yabamba ongaziwa. Oko kwakuthetha abaququzeleli - engacacanga. Ngapha koko, kwiimeko apho umnini yokwenene ngelaphu ufuna ukuhlala ungaziwa, wabhengeza ukuba kumzobo na yingqokelela labucala. Kwakhona isebenzisa amagama bohluke kuzo ngokupheleleyo.

"Suprematist Isakhiwo"

Umsebenzi we Malevich, inkcazelo apho uya kufumana kweli nqaku liza kukunika banombono epheleleyo kunye ngokucacileyo umsebenzi wakhe. Umzekelo, umlinganiselo "Suprematist Ubume" yadalwa 1919-1920. Ngowe-2000, kwi kwifandesi, "Phillips" nto wathengisa for $ 17 million.

Le ndlela, ngokwahlukileyo ukuya edlulileyo, emveni kokuphuma Malevich ukusuka Berlin eSoviet Union, wahlala eJamani. Ngowe-1935, eleza nalo US kumlawuli we-New York Museum of Modern Art, Alfred Barr. engama-20, iye yabamba eUnited States-sikhokelo mboniso "Cubism and Abstract Art". Isibakala sokuba lo mfanekiso kwakufuneka ngokukhawuleza uthathe - eJamani ngexesha amaNazi wangumlawuli, umsebenzi Malevich zawela ngaphandle nenkoliseko. kwaabo bamphetheyo lwamaNazi libhekisa isampulu of "ubugcisa bonakele." umlawuli wokuqala Hanover Museum blade efihlakeleyo kwendlu yakhe, waza wanika ngasese Barry, bezise umsebenzi esixabisekileyo eUnited States.

Ngo-1999, i-imyuziyam New York iye yabuyela kwiindlalifa Malevich lo mfanekiso uze eziliqela yemisebenzi yakhe ngemizobo.

Self-umzobo mculi

Ngowe-1910, Malevich waziqaba bakhe self-ngobude. Le yenye ezintathu bakhe self-ekumeni, ayiqabe ngeli thuba. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ezinye ezimbini zigcinwa kwiimyuziyam zasekuhlaleni. Ezi imisebenzi Malevich kwi Tretyakov Gallery kuyabonakala.

I self-abonakale yesithathu kuthengiswa kwifandesi. Ekuqaleni, yena waye yingqokelela yabucala ye Georgiya Kostaki. Ngowe-2004, kwi kwifandesi, "Christie kaThixo" eLondon, noziqulathe-Mfanekiso wafumana kumniniyo ukuze nje 162.000 uneemina. Bonke, ngenxa yokuba kwiminyaka engama-35 ezayo, ixabiso layo linyuke ngamaxesha 35. Sele ngo-2015, ekupeyinteni leyo kuthengiswa kwifandesi, "Sotheby kaThixo" phantse zizigidi 9 zeerandi. Eneneni, inzuzo.

"Intloko umlimi"

Xa sihlalutya umsebenzi Malevich iminyaka, unako ukuseka intsingiselo ecacileyo, ukuze sibone indlela umsebenzi wakhe siye savela.

Umzekelo imifanekiso yale - umfanekiso 'Ntloko umlimi, "ebhalwe-1911. Ngowe-2014, kwi kwifandesi, "Sotheby kaThixo" eLondon waya phantsi ihamile for million 3.5 zeerandi.

Kuba okokuqala abaphulaphuli wabona womzobo ngu Malevich ngo-1912 kwi "Umsila esile" mboniso, leyo wahlelwa Natalia Goncharova kunye Mihailom Larionovym. Emva koko, yena inxaxheba umboniso eBerlin ngowe-1927. Wandula ke wanika ukuba Malevich Hugo Hering. Kakade kuye wegqitha lilifa emfazini wakhe nentombi. Hering ziindlalifa wathengisa kumzobo kuphela ngowe-1975, emva kokufa kwakhe.

I Russian Museum

Umsebenzi we Malevich kwi Russian Museum thaca kakuhle kakhulu. Apha, mhlawumbi, ukuba ingqokelela izityebi imisebenzi yakhe. Xa umsebenzi wale wenguquko kunye utitshala ziphathwe ngentlonipho, imizobo yakhe ukudluliselwa iindawo ezininzi ebekekileyo.

Xa iyonke, imali ye Museum Russian namhlanje kukho malunga 100 imizobo, kunye nemizobo kungekho ngaphantsi kwe-40. Uninzi lwezi datings ezintsha. Kakhulu ichanekile. Ukohluka lokuqokelelwa, thaca Russian Museum, nangoku kwinto yokuba lo msebenzi nje kakhulu, bona Usenokukhusela uluhlu olubanzi umsebenzi wakhe. Thaca njengoko imisebenzi yokuqala, phantse yemifuniselo okuqala ukupeyinta portraits eziyinyani kamva, nto leyo ungayamkeli brush wegcisa lowo ipeyintiweyo "Black Square".

ukufa womzobi

Kazimir Malevich wafa eLeningrad ngo-1935. Ngokutsho ukuthanda kwakhe, umzimba obekwe kwi suprematic ibhokisi emele umnqamlezo iingalo kunye sebefile.