Landscape French

Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19 umzobo French iyaphuhliswa mhlaba sengqiqweni yesizwe. Landscape ngabapeyinti abangekho bathanda eParis kunye ngesantya sayo nozilo ebomini, bafuna ukonwabela uxolo, ukuzola kwaye ibekwe kufuphi ikomkhulu kwidolophana Barbizon kufuphi Fontainebleau ehlathini apho kwaye uqale yobuciko zabo. Abanye abaculi kule lali wahlala kwaye wasebenza kuphela lonyaka efudumeleyo kwaye ebusika emva intuthuzelo ezidolophini. Kodwa kwakukho abo bahlala ezivenkileni kwilali unyaka wonke. Baza baqala ukubiza - Barbizon (ukusuka igama lali). Abaninzi wayekuthanda ukusebenza ekuseni, xa indalo uvuka kuphela ukugcina amathayara zabo. Emva, ukuba wakhele phezu umsebenzi, waya koomasifundisane. Ukudala landscape lwekhulu French mid 19, amagcisa zigxininise umfanekiso wempilo yasemaphandleni, ukubhala amahlathi, imilambo, imihlambi yeenkomo, amahashe, ephawula njalo kunye yazola, isidima somntu kunye nendalo. Oku elivumelana imibala: ovalelweyo, ngokufuthi ezinombala, apho brown echo, amfusa, iithowuni eluhlaza. Kodwa inkalo ebalulekileyo ye-mibala eveliswa sisixhobo amagcisa baba valory (umahluko ayelele kulo ithowuni umbala omnye, ndandifeketha na).

Ukuba ubuza umbuzo: "Kutheni kukho Barbizon?" - impendulo izicacele. Xa ukupeyinta French ngenkulungwane ye-19, lo mhlaba yaba sizoku for ngeziganeko wentsomi kunye nabalinganiswa, ngokufuthi ihonjiswe. Barbizon wabonisa izwe indawo ngokwenene French yelizwe lakhe, apho kukho iintshukumisa ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ngemvelo, ngokufuthi kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba kwabantu abaqhelekileyo abenza eqhelekileyo.

Umsunguli kunye ngungqondongqondo lesikolo Pierre -Eten -Teodor Rousseau (1812-1867). ubuchule yakhe eyisingela umfanekiso wendalo France. Imizobo yakhe ngokufuthi wayemfutshane ngesithomo, ukuba ubume - ngqondo. Umzekelo umsebenzi wakhe 'Morning ehlathini Fontainebleau. " Bavuka kusasa ngengomso, ongaphambili uhlobo arch zemithi embindini amathokazi iimilo zesakhiwo, yonke ligutyungelwe yinkungu pearl sesilivere lomso. Xa uqala kuqala, yonke into elula, kodwa bangaphi okuvelayo kunye neengcamango.

Okunye ndingathanda ukuveza umsebenzi wegcisa Jean-Batista Kamilya Corot, owayegulela esikolweni Barbizon, kodwa ngobuchule wahamba indlela yakhe. Nguye ngomnye wabaseki yesikolo kazwelonke landscape ukupeyinta kwenkulungwane ye-19 eFransi. Ngamanye amaxesha watyelela zokuhamba Barbizon. Ngoxa okudala wadala malunga namawaka amathathu imifanekiso. landscapes zakhe kulula ukufunda, kukho ixesha omnye kubabona, kwaye mazingabhidaniswa neeMviwo zeSatifikethi seMatriki namathafa abanye ababhali. Air, imithi anoboya, ngokungathi yinkungu gentle imibala ezisekelwe ulwalamano inobuqhophololo ubuhle ingwevu neperile pearlescent imibala. Eyona idumileyo yomsebenzi wakhe: ". Intsimbi Tower Argenteuil" "Le hay", Ingakumbi umnqwazi landscape yakhe "Ville d'Avray." Shiny iithowuni nokuthantamisa kunye nemithi anoboya adale ukufuma umoya okhethekileyo ekuseni, apho isibhakabhaka ubuhle ziboniswe echibini, yaye ilanga ngobunono kusibonisa indlu. Le ndlu ilizwe umbhali, iintlobo kwiindawo wabhala ngaphezulu ebomini.

Ngokubanzi bokubeka indlela isikolo Barbizon wafumana ngo 1860. Kwi nyaka, kunye akhawunti lokuntshula yayo engundoqo. Le yaba yindawo wamagcisa aselula lundwendwe Barbizon. Impembelelo yesikolo Barbizon yokudweba eliphezulu kakhulu kuphuhliso esilandelayo landscape zinjalo, hayi kuphela eFransi kodwa kwamanye amazwe ehlabathini. Ngokomzekelo, eRashiya - lo ngumsebenzi amagcisa, wabaseki yomhlaba lyrical kazwelonke AK Savrasov (enye imisebenzi abaziwayo, "Le ehlasela Ngaba Lifikile") kunye FA Vasilyeva (enye yomhlaba kakhulu ethandwa "Wet Meadow"). Xa yoma kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kwabakho ukwehla yesikolo Barbizon, wanikela indlela kwezinye iindawo womzobo (impressionism - nokudalwa imizobo emoyeni evulekileyo, elandelwa ukugqitywa ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi studio).