Aleksandr Dyuma Fils: engobomi, ubomi kunye nomsebenzi

Aleksandr Dyuma fils waba enobuchule osisityebi ubomi elide, nto leyo kwindawo umsebenzi zoncwadi ukuthandana lusilwa. Nathi waziwa kwi imveliso "Lady of the Camellias". Omkhulu Dzhuzeppe Verdi wawumanya opera "La Traviata", esekelwe inoveli, owabhala Dumas fils. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho ingxabano phakathi umqambi ne umbhali, njengemvumi andizange ndinikhathaze ukuba bacele imvume yokusebenzisa inoveli xa mdlalo.

uyise engaphucukanga

Engamashumi amabini anesibini esiyimfeketho Alexander Dumas uyise bakhonza kwi-Ofisi iNkosana Orleans, ekubeni umbhalo emangalisayo. Yena gqaba wabopha umphefumlo wakhe kunye kumthungi Katrina Labe, lihle, icocekile kwaye cwaka. Xa into kolihlwempu kuse ezinodaka, ukuba wakhathazeka kakhulu Alexander oselula, ekubeni kaloku into Yayenzelwe umtshato okanye usana. izinto kwemfuneko kunye nokhathalelo emzimbeni akazange alisweleyo. July 28, 1824, uCatherine wazala inkwenkwe, ngubani christened imbeko kuyise - Alexander. Oku ngesisa olukhulu nothando balo mntwana. Kodwa ubawo ngeli xesha ke ukufuna iphefumlelwe zomculo ezintsha. Malunga unyana wakhe, wamkhumbula iminyaka esixhenxe kuphela kamva, ubefuna kuye, kwamkelwa yaye wathumela iminyaka elithoba kwisikolo esibhodisayo wemfundo. Katrina Labe ukuba imali ukuze siphile, waba iqulathe igumbi elincinane ukufunda.

Sikhule

Inkwenkwe wayephethwe into unyana ongumgqakhwe ixesha elide kangaka. Xa wakhula waba umfana, ngoko, njengoko indoda ngombono, ukuba baqonde esiyimfeketho uhlobo uyise natured. Dumas baqala ukuqonda uyise njengomhlobo enkulu, umbhali omkhulu kunye noyise embi. Kwadlula izithuko, kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo kuya kuphucula. Ebukekayo, entle natured, unesisa, xa waba imali - le Alexander Dumas uyise nonyana wamthanda umntwana njengoswele ukuqonda, kungekhona nje iminyaka osisilumko omdala, indoda ikhaya lalidla sum etyeni abalikhulu franc ogama. Babethanda enye kwenye, kodwa, ngelishwa, ababa nakuhlala ndawonye rhoqo nangawo. Iza kuthatha ixesha elide. Lo mfana wagqiba kwelokuba uza kunikwa. Kwakhona italente ezoncwadi, kodwa wayezimisele ukuba babhale ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

ukubonakala

Yaba indoda ebukekayo ende kunye emagxeni ezibanzi kwaye jonga swii. Oma wangcatsha yakhe abanekratshi. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini, wayezele amandla nempilo, ukukhanya omdaka iinwele olugobileyo ubuso bakhe evulekileyo kunye iimpawu rhoqo nomtsalane. umsiki akhawunti idyasi ngelaphu kusefashonini, kunye tie njengekhephu-ezimhlophe baloo evela kwincopho, savela eNgilani, baba ezingekahlawulwa, kodwa oko akuthethi Esam kuye. Dumas waqhubeka ngekratshi, ndikho wawa kulo, kodwa ngenxa "sibonakala" enjalo ngokufihla indalo ethe-ethe wafumana kumama wakhe.

Alfonso Plessis

Ekwindla ka-1844, kwindawo yokubonela, wabona ebhedini zonke waqonda courtesan ezintle. Lo mbono likaThixo ngathi eyenziwe porcelain: omde, curls ezimnyama ecaleni ubuso esimhlophe ne-pink, icherry imilebe ebomvu Wabufihla amazinyo egqibeleleyo, amehlo, ngokungathi eyenziwe wayesebenzisa abamnyama, esinqeni elimxinwa. Le ukuphelela gqibezela ingubo emhlophe ngokugqibeleleyo satin, iidayimani kunye negolide. E Paris, la madoda brilliant wafundisa kwakhe okuhle kunye nokukwazi ukubamba ingxoxo. Wambiza ngokwakhe Marie duPlessis wayengoyena mfazi ocacileyo eyinkunzi. indlu yakhe ibe inqaba camellias, ayinavumba, nto leyo kudityelelwa abalandeli bakhe. Kutheni zizityebi ishweshwe wakhetha abahlobo bakhe abasondeleyo umfana umngqibi? Wenza kwacaca ukuba uyichole isitshixo umphefumlo umfazi ukubandezeleka, yaye Yawunqika. Yena emkhuza, xa ndabona iinyembezi ngesebe lolonwabo. Uyamhlonipha abe ngumfazi, nangenxa kokuba ushiye bonke abalandeli abazizityebi. Kodwa nobuhlwempu sayo sengqondo yayo abanambeko ukuba imali kwakhokelela ukuhlukana ngalo nyaka.

ukufa Marie

Alexander wahamba uhambo olude babengazi ukuba impilo intanda yakhe iya iba maxongo ngokukhawuleza. Yena ubeminyaka imashumi mabini anamithathu kuphela, yaye yona iqhawuka sephepha. Wathengisa bonke izivatho zayo, ukuphathwa, kodwa akho nto yandincedayo. Februwari 3, 1847 Marie wafa. Dumas ubuyazi loo nto xa wabuyela Marseille evela Algeria. Wayefunda yonke iincwadi Marie kunye nothando olunzulu abazange intliziyo yakhe waza wabhala inoveli "La Dame aux Camelias." Dumas wenza Heroine yenoveli mfazi bawa Margaritu Gote, kodwa imizamo ophambili ukuyicima ukuba ezintle uyise kutyelela nesithandwa sakhe, kukulahlwa kwayo, ukuze bonakalise kwikamva eliqaqambileyo zomfana ngokuthengisa izihombiso, namahashe, kunye nezinye bonke ubunewunewu umfazi oguqukayo, Alexander yasungulwa.

A inoveli ochukumisayo komnye waba nempumelelo ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi amabhinqa. Abo ababemazi Marie, ekugqibeleni ndaqonda ukuba ukuthengisa ngokwakho imali, amahlwempu ubunzima ngonaphakade iimvakalelo ngokunyanisekileyo, izinto ezo kuxhomekeke imali.

Umbhali emi-4 wacelwa ukuba ubhale umdlalo esekelwe inoveli, nto yeza elide kakhulu. Intshukumo kwi nqanaba laqalisa ngo-18 emva kwemini yaphela emva kwexesha kuphela ebusuku, ngentsimbi-3. Emva kokuba iphambili abalandeli engumlawuli kanogumbe amaqoqo umbhali intyatyambo, abafazi bedanduluka kwaye sanga naye.

Ngoko ke ngo-1852, uAleksandr Dyuma, Jr., zaye zasasazeka kakhulu eFransi. Ngoku igama lakhe kuye kwafika kubo bonke. Yena intlonelo enkulu kakhulu kwabasetyhini, yaye akazange azifihle kubo ukuba asifuni ukuba ubakhanyisele ubuhlobo banjalo non-siyabophelela, kwaye izama ukuyila usapho yokwenene enobuntu womelele.

Lady nge neeperile

Dumas lizifumane zonke fun ziintombi le demimonde. Kuluntu eliphezulu oosisi aziphatha ngqo umbhali. Dumas fils, ubomi lakhe siqu akaba nakungena a esinzulu, umkhondo onengqondo kwiminyaka 25 ndadibana nebhinqa eliselula Russian evela St. Petersburg, eyayibanjelwe e-Paris, ezamahala ukususela kwixesha iqabane ikudika. Loo sisidwangube Lydia Nesselrode.

Umama-in-wakhathazeka yakhe, hayi ukuba nanjengesivuthevuthe intloko pin intombi yakhe. Waye wachitha ukuzonwabisa kunye nezindlu zangasese iziyolo imali sineziveliso, waza ke yena wayefuna buvela umbhali fashion. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akaba nako ukumelana kwaye ude uthinjwe ngumfazi. Lydia wayemthanda neyeeperile, walinxiba ezinweleni iinwele ezimnyama entanyeni ubuthathaka, izibambo ezithandekayo kwaye wayethandwa isiteketiso 'nenekazi kunye nentsimbi. " Le ubudlelwane iye sasingumba iingxoxo kunye ukuhleba.

ULidiya nangoko wabiza eRashiya. Dumas waya emva kwakhe. Kodwa yena wabuyela ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali, kodwa uLydia akazange ukuthumela iileta nje kuphela, kodwa uthi. Wakhohlwa nje ngayo. Ngowe-1852, wafunda ngayo kwenye ngobuhle Russian - Princess Hope Naryshkina, leyo umiselwe waba ukuba ubomi bakhe kwindawo enkulu. Okwangoku, wabhala inoveli apho kunomvuzo kunye uLydia ephosakeleyo, waza wayibiza ngokuba "Eli nenekazi kunye nentsimbi."

Escape ku Paris

Ithemba kushada kakhulu isikhulu endala. Ukususela kwiminyaka akhe 26, wabaleka wemka waya eParis kwaye musa ukulibala ukuzisa kunye nezacholo, kunye nentombi, echaza ukuba imozulu Russian akuyilugelanga impilo yakhe. Waye kuthwalelwa kude ngumbhali wacela Prince ukumnika umtshato, kodwa umyeni wakhe wala. Oku kuxhaswa naye umlawuli. Kuba iminyaka emithandathu bobathathu babo babehlala villa, awawuthengayo Naryshkin.

Ngeli xesha, umbhali ngokufuthi baxabana uyise, esola ukuba kakubi izifundiswa kuye. Kwesi sihloko, wabhala "I imigqakhwe" lomdlalo, "The Wolahleko Bawo", yaye kwangaxeshanye wabona wakhe uyise umhlobo. Ngelo xesha, ukuba zingaqondwa kakuhle inkosazana wakho amehlo aqua ezahlukeneyo kakhulu neemeko wamkhulisa kubo. Ke wazala intombi, Maria Alexandrina ngo-1860. Ngowe-1864, xa efile Naryshkin ubudala, batshata, yaye enye intombi Jeannine ngo-1867. Emva koko, isimilo Nadezhda Ivanovna waba engenakwenzeka ukuba nokusola embi. Ingane infidelities indoda handsome kunye hlakalo. Ekugqibeleni, umbhali ndidiniwe yaye ibingengomcimbi kwicala, kungekhona ukuba umntu amale umfazi wakhe. Kwaye ngo-1870, loo nto ayizange ube Dumas. Nyana bamngcwaba ekhaya Villers-Cotterets, apho umbhali kweenoveli isiphuku-and-angababulali wayemthanda.

Aime Desclee

Wakhulela kwintsapho yongxowankulu esisityebi kwaye bafumana imfundo esemgangathweni. Uyise, igqwetha, zawa, kwaye intombi yagqiba ukuba kukhanye phezu kweqonga. Kodwa umsebenzi akazange aye, ngoko ke waba mfazi, njengoko ubuhle bakhe wayengekho ukuba bawuzame. Nehlekisayo, apho wacaphula lonke Paris, yena wabuyela yeqonga walihamba phantse lonke elaseYurophu. Yena Waloyisa Italy, Brussels. Nge Dumas Aime wadibana kuqala kwi ibhola timphahla. Dumas wambona idlala phesheya, bakholwa ukuba Wayeneziphiwo yaye intle. Wanyanzelisa e Paris, ethatyathwe kwi qembu. Bt yaba nkulu. Ngokusekelwe izinto ezifanayo (kunjalo Dumas fils babhala iziqwenga ngenxa theatre), babethanda enye, nangona, uyigcine kude ngokwabo. Xa Aimee wayengekho ngomdlalo, wayehlala yedwa kweli lizwe. inkampani yakhe poodle, sisikhwenene nesicaka endala Caesarina. Ukuzimela ubunzima balo, kodwa yena akazange afune uxhulumaniso mthethweni.

Uziphethe inkxaso wemidlalo yakhe. Wamnika yakhe indima kulo mdlalo "Wedding yeeNdwendwe" wabhala "umfazi UClaudia" for "Nkosazana George 'yakhe. Ezincwadini zakhe, wazama ukusombulula iingxaki yokuziphatha womntu nomfazi. iphamflethi kwakhe kwisifundo wabangela ingxolo eninzi. Ngoku ebhalwe umdlalo esitsha Desclee "UMnu Alphonse." Kodwa waziva egula, oogqirha bakhe bafumana iimpawu zomhlaza. Xa wafa ngowe-1874, oko bamngcwaba lonke Paris.

Le yokudlala sadlala, saba omnye actress, kwaye ulwimi natyetyiswa igama elitsha "gigolo," nto leyo eza kuthetha umntu ohlala ngeendleko kwabafazi (womntu oyimbozisa; pimp).

French Academy

Ngexesha ubomi Alexander Dumas, unyana waba indoda esisityebi classic elaziwayo. Yahlala icala amancinci. Waye amenze ukuba isicelo Academy. Ngowe-1875, 11 Februwari, lamiselwa layo njengoko "ukungafi." Waba kakhulu ufanelwe isiqu esinjalo. Nazi imisebenzi ezibhaliweyo Alexander Dumas. Iincwadi "Tristan Ryzhy" (inoveli historical), "Regent Myustel" (inoveli), inoveli "Lady kunye neeperile", "Delo Clemenceau," "uGqr Servan", "inoveli ngumfazi omnye" wawuthetha ngemiba ebalulekileyo ekuhlaleni, sebephonononge imiphefumlo kwamagorha. Sikunye Zhorzh Sand , wabhala "I Marquis de Villiers" waza wamnika amalungelo akhe. Ukongeza, wasebenza nzima yaye ngempumelelo wayesebenza ekuchubekeni. Kwesi sikhundla, italente yakhe Sivuyiswa kakhulu kunye nabaphulaphuli, kunye noyise wakhe. Kwakhona waba yekhasi obalaseleyo, ngubani sakhulula ezininzi iincwadana mlonyeni.

umshado uhlale

Kwi nokwehla yobomi Alexander Dumas Fils waya emtshatweni lwesibini Mam Henriette Escala, nto leyo yayigcina ukususela 1887. Wayesele ungaphantsi kweminyaka eyi kwakhe amane. Zendela emva kokufa Naryshkina ngoJulayi 1895, yaye kwiinyanga ezine kamva wafa.

isiphelo

Yena wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni of Montmartre e Paris, nekhulu leemitha ukusuka kwi Marie duPlessis, umfazi kuphela wabathanda. Wakhumbula ukuba ubomi bakhe bonke kakubi bazisola umtshato wakhe wokuqala.