Umbhali Robert eStevenson imisebenzi biography

Robert eStevenson - ngomnye wababhali abaziwayo, nto leyo bendisoloko ndicinga ukuba umbhali wencwadi - inoveli "Treasure Island", imisebenzi zothando kunye obutsha. Ngaphandle koku, eStevenson wayeyindoda impikiswano, kodwa inoveli yakhe ngongcono owaziwayo-akanasichazi gangqa oko kusenokubonakala ngathi.

Impembelelo inkcubeko wesizwe umbhali elizayo

Scot ngokuzalwa, akhuliswe yaseSkotlani yaseSkotlani umoya wesizwe - ezi mpawu ukuba ngokuchanileyo ukuchaza umntu efana Robert Louis eStevenson. Biography of umbhali iqinisekisa ukuba inkcubeko Scottish kunye imbali ziye zaba nempembelelo gqitha ukuyilwa eStevenson nje umntu. Umbhali elizayo wazalwa e Edinburgh - izinto zenkcubeko nezopolitiko ikomkhulu Scotland.

Izinyanya inxalenye sikayise yombhali yayingamafama, Millers, begadi, kunye notatomkhulu wakhe injineli odumileyo, lowo inxaxheba kulwakhiwo iibhulorho, iinqanawa kunye ogu. EStevenson waqhubeka ukujongana uyisemkhulu, uyise nabazalwana.

Ngokusebenzisa unina umbhali elizayo, yena wayevela zohlobo yamandulo yaziwa kakuhle ka Balfour, ngubani yayifana iziduko amanene komda kunye nenxalenye caba of Scotland.

imbali yosapho, nemvelaphi yayo, iingcambu ezendeleyo - ezi zizinto ukuba wayenomdla uRobert eStevenson. Biography ibonisa ukuba, naphi na apho wayekhona, wayesoloko wahlala Scot oyinyaniso. Nkqu Polynesia, apho izinga sisehla sibe ngaphantsi kwama 40, ekhayeni lakhe, wakha eziko eqhelekileyo Scottish.

Esakhula

Robert Louis eStevenson yaba umntwana kuphela kusapho. Njengento kid, waphathwa sisigulo kakhulu, nto leyo kamva waba nempembelelo kuye de ekupheleni kwemihla. Louis amaxesha umkhuhlane, ukuba rhoqo ukukhohlela, akazange afumane umoya ngokwaneleyo. Zonke iibhayografi aqhelekileyo abonisa isifo sephepha okanye iingxaki kakhulu kunene inyumoniya. Iintlungu, pallor, ubuthathaka kunye mncane - ezi zizinto zonke izinto eziphilayo ubunzima ngu Robert eStevenson. Ifoto ngu ngumbhali athwale ngokucacileyo oku.

Ebuntwaneni bakhe nolutsha ngumbhali ukhumbula amaxesha engapheliyo ifiva, iintlungu kunye ugwayi. Inkwenkwe wathunyelwa ezikolweni kwiminyaka emithandathu, kodwa ngenxa ngobume isifundo sakhe asiphumelelanga. Lewis indawo zizikolo ezininzi, ootitshala zabucala, ngoxa ndafunda kwisikolo esiphambili ukuba abantwana abanabazali kakuhle yaziwa gqitha - Edinburgh Academy. Wamthobela uyise, wagqiba ekubeni aqhubeke ishishini losapho yaye wangena University of Edinburgh, apho wayefunda zobunjineli, ingakumbi ekwakhiweni iinqanawa.

Inzala ezincwadini

Engineering kunye nokwakhiwa iinqanawa - ezi izinto anomdla ngokwenene uRobert Louis eStevenson. Biography ibonisa ukuba ngokuzithandela benza ngakwicala lokwenziwa kwesi sifundo, leyo kuthwalelwa phandle kwiisayithi lokwakha. Le nkqubo ibandakanya yandisa kwi fanela phezu kolwandle, apho kwenzeka ukuhlola ngokuma zasemanzini namatye ababekhonza njengesiseko ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa iinqanawa.

Emva kwexesha elithile, Lewis isicelo inxaxheba kukhuphiswano kwi-Royal Scottish Society of Sciences, apho wanikela kumbongo wakhe "A uhlobo olutsha ezibengezelayo ukukhanya iinqanawa," ngokuba apho wafumana imbasa yesilivere. Ngeeveki ezimbini kwincoko esinzulu noyise eStevenson uthi ufuna ukuyeka zobunjineli. UTata siphezu uncwadi, ngoko kwagqitywa kwelokuba unyana wayeza kuba igqwetha. Ezo lobeko Louis amalungiselelo. Okokuqala, lo msebenzi wobugcisa wezomthetho wamnika ixesha ezisimahla, yaye okwesibini, lo countryman odumileyo eStevenson, Valter Skott, nayo yaba igqwetha, ayizange imthintele kamva abe ngumbhali odumileyo. Lewis wegqitha zonke iimviwo kwaye wafumana itayitile igqwetha, kodwa yaba isiqinisekiso kuphela yokuba eneneni umbhali.

Ukuqala Umsebenzi wokubhala

Umbhali First Robert Stephenson wabhengeza yena eneminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu. On ngayo uyise kuthetha Incwadi encinane "wakhutshwa Pentland qhankqalazo. ibali Page ngo-1666 ". Apha umbhali oselula yachaza ezimakhulu mabini ngonyaka yamahlwempu endala mvukelo eSkotlani. Lo msebenzi ayaziwa, kodwa sele kwabakho umdla umbhali ebonakalayo embalini hlanga, ngokunjalo umnqweno wokuba njongo yaye ichaneke.

Umsebenzi wokuqala enkulu yaba inoveli ngu noRoberta Stivensona "Indlela". Igama le yokomfuziselo kakhulu ngenxa yokuba, nangona eStevenson yaba onesifo yaye ubuthathaka, imisindo zayo zibalulekile nezovakalelo kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahambe kakhulu.

uhambo lokuqala

Ngowe-1876, eStevenson kunye nabahlobo bakhe bahamba ngephenyane ecaleni imilambo kunye nemijelo waseFransi Belgium. Indawo yokugcina eParis, kodwa abahlobo bahlala ezilalini engasemlanjeni, esisityebi kwimbali. Olu hambo waba negalelo elikhulu eStevenson. Emva ekhaya, ngoko nangoko waqalisa umsebenzi kwi inkcazo uhambo lwakhe, nto leyo kamva wajika waba umsebenzi 'uhambo ukuya embindini welizwe', kananjalo baba negalelo emsebenzini wakhe emva koko.

Umbhali uchaza ngokwakhe inkqubo ohambahambayo, ezahlukeneyo iimeko funny kwaye ngqiqweni into yenzekile ngexesha hambo, ichaza abantu, abalinganiswa kunye nembeko. Ngelo xesha ngayo ngokukhawuleza kangaka kwaye unobtrusively, evumela umfundi ukuba abe uluvo lwakhe ngayo yonke into. Yaba ngeli hambo, uRobert eStevenson wadibana Fanny Osborne, owathi kamva waba Fanny eStevenson.

Fanny

Nge Frances Matilda Osborne Lewis wadibana kwenye kwiilali French ngexesha xa ndayithanda yokudweba. Phantse zonke biographers bathi ukuba le ntlanganiso yayiluthando bubuhle. Fanny wayeneminyaka elishumi ubudala Lewis, etshate isiphukuphuku, wayenabantwana ababini yaye wayefuna yedwa emva kokufa komntwana wakhe omncinane. Besathetha lukhulu, bachitha ixesha kunye, yaye emva ekuphazanyisweni yayilingana rhoqo.

Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, ngowe-1879, uRobert eStevenson wafumana ileta evela Fanny, okuqulathwe okuhlala ayaziwa nembali. Mhlawumbe yena uthetha yokugula kwakhe kakhulu. imeko Lewis ngelo xesha kwakunzima: kokugula ixesha elide, iingxaki zemali, ukubambana noyise, ngokutsho abahlobo, owathi ukuba Fanny ukutshata. Konke oku akuzange ayeke Lewis. Yena ngokukhawuleza wachacha esiya eMelika, apho ngelo xesha wayephila Fanny. Uhambo lwalulude nezintsonkothileyo.

Emva kokufika e Melika, waya a immigrant uloliwe omde ukusuka eNew York ukuya San Francisco. Kodwa Fanny wayengekho apho, wafudukela Monterrey. Lewis waya uhambo olulandelayo. Wahamba elinye ihashe. Ngendlela imeko yakhe inkenenkene gqitha waza andabikho zingqondweni. Ndayifumana umzingeli wasekuhlaleni amabhere, lowo wamkhulisa Lewis wahlala phezu yayisecicini yobomi nokufa iintsuku eziliqela. Ukuba amandla, sekunjalo eStevenson kufika Fanny.

Phezu kwayo yonke imiqobo, ngowe-1880, eStevenson watshata Fanny Osbourne waza wabuyela ekhaya kunye nomfazi wakhe, abantwana bakhe kunye nolwazi enkulu, amava kunye namava ubomi. Fanny kunye nabantwana bakhe kunye eStevenson phezu ngohambo lwakhe waza waba naye de imihla yakhe yokugqibela.

uhlobo ndoda ingumhambi endaweni umsebenzi eStevenson

Uhambo uthatha indima enkulu kumsebenzi yombhali. Esi sihloko wayengekho ezintsha iincwadi, kodwa abanye ababhali babone uTshawe-umhambi ayikho indlela ibonwa ngu Robert eStevenson. umbhali yomsebenzi zichaza umhambi oziphatha amanqe, kwaye neyilahleko. Lo mhambi kwakudla umzobi okanye umbhali. Yena akafuni nayiphi na inzuzo, arhoxise ilungelo lakhe lokufuna amabhaso okanye amalungelo ezongezelelweyo.

Iindawo ezinika umdla izincoko eStevenson waqala ngokuqhelekileyo. Ukuhamba uchazwa sibethwe ngumoya ezincinane nalula, apho utyhila idiocy ngayo ngabantu beli. Kamva kulo mbono kumsebenzi wakhe kusetyenziswa, kunye nabanye ababhali ezaziwayo-kakuhle, kuquka K. Jerome.

Amava bufunyenwe zokuhamba yokuqala elandelayo, kwanefuthe umsebenzi zoncwadi lombhali, kuquka nomsebenzi wakhe idumileyo - inoveli "Treasure Island".

"Treasure Island"

"Treasure Island" Akuthandabuzeki ukuba noveli edume noRoberta Lyuisa eStevenson. Sekunjalo umsebenzi engagqitywanga yashicilelwa lowu abantwana odumileyo phantsi elabo, kodwa akazange eze udumo. Ngaphezu koko, ngokufuthi iimpendulo ezingakhiyo kwaye abanomsindo beza kwiofisi isihloko. Njengencwadi, kwaye igama lokwenyani lwe umbhali yenoveli kwaphuma emva konyaka. Eli xesha le noveli yimpumelelo enkulu.

Nangona inoveli unalo iyelenqe noko elula nesakhiwo njengoko nayiphi inoveli adventure, iqulethe kwimizuzu ombane. Lo mfanekiso jikelele umbhali uyila asiyonkcazelo eneenkcukacha iimeko ababanazo imihla ngemihla, yaye uninzi ifom mbaliso lo. EStevenson yenza ukusetyenziswa kakhulu iingxoxo, nto leyo eyenza jonga ibali esebenzayo ngakumbi yomdlalo.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba kwinoveli uthathwa sebatsha yothando, livela kwimiba enzulu kunye nemixholo. Ngokukodwa, sithetha ingxaki Ngokwahlukileyo abalinganiswa, amava zokomoya malunga longquzulwano phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi.

"Uqalekisiwe UJanet"

Umdla wakhe umphefumlo nomoya womntu, uRobert Louis eStevenson ubonakalisa umsebenzi "Uqalekisiwe Janet. Kweli bali, umbhali wagqiba ekubeni ukudibanisa lokwenene fantastic, kwaye jonga yokuba bekusoloko imali eninzi - izithethe Scottish kunye mibala. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imveliso of a omncinane, kuba umbhali enzulu kakhulu ikwazile ukubonisa umphefumlo womntu, uloyiko kunye ezikuxhalabisayo.

Ngenxa awohluke kwembaliso zenza umbhali likwazile ukwenza ngayo ukuze yonke into yokwenene kweli bali kubonakala kwamnandi, kodwa bonke fantastic - yokwenene. Kulo mzekelo, ibali ngokwayo kakhulu ubhalo kunye zikholeleke. Le ngxaki iye amava iimvakalelo kangangokuba umdla umbhali, uyaqhubeka ukuba aveze ngakumbi, ingakumbi kweli bali odumileyo "The Case Strange ngk Jekyll noMnu Hyde".

"Case Strange ngk Jekyll kunye noMnu Hyde"

Umfutho yokubhala noveli abazana eStevenson kunye inoveli "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya" Dostoevsky, nto leyo zanikezelwa ngendlela entsha ingxaki yokuziphatha yoluntu kunye neendlela zokuziphatha. hero of the bali - ekrelekrele, intlonelo, elihloniphekileyo uGqr Jekyll - ngenxa eksperimenti engaphumelelanga Wazityanda ubuntu bakhe ikuvumela ukukhanya amawele yabo embi nokubi Mr Hyde.

EStevenson ebuza imibuzo ngenjongo yobomi, ingxaki inkululeko, yokuzikhethela, ingqeqesho lwangaphakathi kunye ndandifeketha na. Eli bali yabhalwa ifomu nto leyo kulindeleke yi eStevenson, yaye wenza nemihlali jikelele.

I inoveli "INkosi Ballantrae"

Lo msebenzi we Lewis yenye wethunzi lokufa, kodwa oku kulapho eStevenson ifikelele incopho izakhono zabo. Oku kule ncwadi, Wahlanganisa ezimbini imixholo ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi wakhe; longquzulwano phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi yaye isibheno ngokwesithethe Scottish kunye nembali. Xa inoveli, uchaza abazalwana ababini, ogama abalinganiswa ubonakalisa ngokucacileyo ezi ngxaki. Iingcambu zezi ngxaki umbhali uzama ukufumana nzulu, ukuqala umlinganiswa kazwelonke kunye nesiphelo kunye Puritanism kweli lizwe.

Robert eStevenson - umbhali ekhethekileyo loyi kuthandwa kubangelwa kungekuphela nje imisebenzi yabo, kodwa ngobomi bakhe. Abafundi bathanda ngengqibelelo ubuntu bakhe, isibindi, yaye weqonga isiphelo.