Umbhali Lion Feuchtwanger: A Biography, ubuchule

Lion Feuchtwanger ithathwa ngunozala intshukumo yoncwadi entsha zembali Romance philology. Xa imisebenzi yakhe, nokuvakalisa inengcaciso bayahlelwa kwabantu kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo zophuhliso ingalandwa ngokucacileyo ihambelana kunye neziganeko ezenzeka ehlabathini namhlanje. Akukho ngaphantsi umdla ngobomi yombhali, aba bakhoyo apha emkhosini, yaye "incwadi autos" kunye nokuvalelwa kwiinkampu zoxinaniso, kwaye ngaphezulu.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Lion Feuchtwanger wazalwa ngoJulayi 7, 1884 kwisixeko German Munich, unyana ka usomashishini osisityebi uSigmund Feuchtwanger noJohanna Bodenheimer, kwaye umdala kubantwana abasithoba. Uyise nonina kwakukho amaYuda Orthodox, yaye inkwenkwe ndisemncinane waba olunzulu ulwazi unqulo nenkcubeko yabantu bakhe. Emva esikolweni, Lion Feuchtwanger wangena University of Munich, apho wayefunda khona entsimini "iincwadi" yaye "ifilosofi". Emva koko waya Berlin ukuba ikhondo philology waseJamani nesiSanskrit.

Ngowe-1907, Lion Feuchtwanger wafumana PhD kunye ithisisi azinikele imveliso Genriha Geyne "Baharahsky Rabhi."

umsebenzi Early

Ngowe-1908, Feuchtwanger waseka iphephancwadi yenkcubeko "Mirror". Olu hlelo waba ubomi elifutshane emva kokukhutshwa amagumbi-15 iye yaphela ngenxa yeengxaki zemali.

Ngowe-1912, umbhali odumileyo elizayo wazeka intombi nomi yamaYuda uMarta Leffler. Kwaye kwaba nzima ukuba ukufihla umhla lomtshato evela abamenyiweyo ukuba umtshakazi ekhulelwe. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva ngoMatshi wazala intombi, owafa nje emva kokuzalwa.

NgoNovemba 1914, Feuchtwanger ufike kusithiwa nje yena. Noko ke, kungekudala yaba ukuba ayinguye wonke ilungelo yimpilo, yaye umbhali kulo myezo. Emva kwemfazwe, wadibana Brecht, naye wayixabela up ubuhlobo eyaqhubeka de afe Feuchtwanger.

Biography de 1933

Lion Feuchtwanger wayengomnye kuqala ingozi ebangelwa iSocialism National. Emva ngo 1920 wayesele ngendlela satirical thaca umbono Ezulazulayo umYuda, nto leyo ichaza anti-kwamaJuda. Ukongeza, wanikela inkcazelo ngqo kwi "brown eMunich" kwinoveli "Impumelelo," apho ophambili Rupert Kuttsnera azilandelwa ngokucacileyo features Adolf Hitler.

Emva eminye imisebenzi Feuchtwanger ziye zapapashwa ngaphandle kwe eJamani, kubonakala ukuba zithandwa kakhulu kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. Ngenxa yoko, wacelwa kwiiyunivesithi ezininzi efundisa.

NgoNovemba 1932 waye eLondon. Apho wayeza kuchitha iinyanga ezimbalwa, uze uye USA, apho naye uza abathethise. Ngenxa yoko, ngelo xesha eze amandla lwamaNazi Lion Feuchtwanger ingaphandle eJamani. Ephulaphule le iingxoxo abahlobo, umbhali bagqiba ekubeni bahlale kwidolophu French ka Sanary-sur-Mer, apho kwakukho lithanga encinane basemzini baseJamani owabalekayo ngenxa yokutshutshiswa ngenxa yezizathu zezopolitiko okanye ngokobuhlanga. Ekubeni iinguqulelo IsiNgesi nolwimi iincwadi Feuchtwanger apapasha izintlelo ezinkulu, wayephila ubomi obutofotofo kunye nomfazi wakhe uMarta, ngubani umncedisi bakhe abathembekileyo zonke izinto.

Biography Feuchtwanger phambi Second World War

Ngelo xesha, egameni Germany Feuchtwanger yabonakala kuluhlu ababhali satshiswa ogama iincwadi, yena bahluthwa amalungelo abemi bakhe nempahla yakhe zathinjwa.

Ubutshaba kwiSocialism kaZwelonke wayethabathekile isizathu umdla umbhali eSoviet Union. ze kaStalin ayikwazanga ndiphoswe ithuba onjalo yaye wacela utyelelo Feuchtwanger ukuba eMoscow, kwakunye ukubona lizwe ukuze babone ngamehlo abo yintoni inkqubela wenze behlabathi yokuqala "imo abasebenzi kunye nabalimi." Njengenxenye ukutyelela umbhali USSR wada udliwano iinkokheli zabantu.

Ukubuyela eFransi, Lyon Feuchtwanger, ogama iincwadi eSoviet Union ngoko nangoko waqalisa ukupapasha izigidi iikopi, lapapasha udliwano-ndlebe kunye Stalin. Ukongeza, wabhala incwadi ethi "eMoscow. 1937 ", nto leyo babelane abafundi yaseYurophu umbono wakhe ubomi USSR. Kumaphepha ayo, ukuba rhoqo ukwenza uthelekiso phakathi oko kuboniswa yena, kwaye imeko eJamani. Kulo mzekelo, kuba inkoliso kwafumaniseka ukuba ingabi kwicala le yokugqibela.

ukubaleka

Ngowe-1940, amajoni aseJamani angena eFransi. Lion Feuchtwanger njenge owayesakuba njengommi yaseJamani wavalelwa kwinkampu isisiFrentshi kwidolophu Le Mill. Njengoko impumelelo Wehrmacht Army kwacaca ukuba uninzi amabanjwa nazo ukufa, ukuba kwintsimi ezinabantu. Ke abathile kuwo wasiwa kwinkampu kufuphi Nimes. Kukho Lion Feuchtwanger kunye nomfazi wakhe wanceda kubasebenzi American Embassy. Anakho kubo amaxwebhu enkohliso kwaye, bezenze ngumbhali umfazi, bemke ezweni. Kulo mzekelo, eLyons kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kwafuneka ngokusebenzisa adventures ezininzi, njengoko kuqala ixesha elide ezimela eMarseilles, uze emva koko kwanyanzeleka ukuba bawele nge eSpeyin kunye Portugal.

Ubomi e USA

Ngowe-1943, Lion Feuchtwanger, iincwadi zakhe zithandwa kakhulu eUnited States, yoconjululwa kwesesikweni villa "Aurora" ku California. Apho, wasebenza nzima waza wadala imisebenzi yakhe umdla. Ukongeza, ngenxa iimali ezinkulu ehlawulwa abapapashi kunye Studios, kweenoveli zakhe aguqulelwe kwekhusi, Feuchtwanger waqokelela zamathala obutofotofo eziquka nemiqulu ezingaphezu kwama-20 000.

Ukuba amaNazi bamthiya nombhali yezizathu zobuhlanga, i-US kwemfazwe leyo orhanelwa sympathies zamaKomanisi. Ngeli xesha, kwakhona abonakala noqhawulo ubuchule Feuchtwanger, ukususela kudala ngaphambi kokuba sisiqalo "igqwirha hunt", wabhala umdlalo "Ukudideka eengqondo, okanye UMtyholi e Boston," awalithethayo nxamnye imfazwe ebandayo kunye neendlela ukulwa nayo.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umbhali Lion Feuchtwanger thiki babuyele eJamani, ngenxa izimvo zalo anti-zwilakhe, waba zithandwa kakhulu GDR. Ngowe-1953 ukuba wada lawongwa ngebhaso lokuqala eli lizwe entsimini uncwadi.

Ngowe-1957, umbhali kwafunyaniswa ukuba unomhlaza isisu. Ngu Feuchtwanger unyango umdla oogqirha ilungileyo xesha, nto leyo yalenza utyando ezimbalwa. Imizamo ukumelana nesi sifo aye awa phantsi, yaye umbhali wafa ngo-1958 ukususela yophela ngaphakathi.

umsebenzi pre-imfazwe

Kwiminyaka yokuqala umsebenzi bakhe bokubhala Lion Feuchtwanger wadala kakhulu edlalwa, koko kuhlolwa njengoko kunokuba laliphakathi nje. Emva koku, sakhe nomdla kumanqaku zokubhala kunye nophononongo, nokuvumela ngokungathi ngaphandle ukujonga umsebenzi wakhe. Kwangaxesha nye Feuchtwanger kuqala wacinga indlela yokudala inoveli olusengqiqweni yembali ngemisebenzi yakhe eziphefumlelweyo abazalwana Mann.

Kulo mzekelo, nangona amabali bangamalungu namathuba ezahlukeneyo, ukuba simanyene imboniselo yangoku ngokusebenzisa bemilo kwembali. Ngelo xesha linye imveliso Lion Feuchtwanger, zabhalwa emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I kunye revolution wohlobo, anqunyulwe aestheticism kunye kufutshane ngokoqobo. Badla zibonisa yintlekele lobuqu ubuntu humanistic kuluntu enogonyamelo. Ingakumbi, le umba lunikezelwa inoveli yokuqala, Lion Feuchtwanger owabhala - ". Ugly neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya"

Umsebenzi elandelayo umbhali waba inoveli "UmJuda Suess", nto leyo lunikezelwa iziganeko ezenzeka eJamani, ngenkulungwane ye-18. Wamsa udumo ehlabathini lonke, kwaye ngexesha elinye amangalelwe nokonyanywa kwamaJuda ngexesha elinye ubuzwe yamaYuda. Zombini ingqondo kuphela umdla yombhali kwimbali yabantu bakhe. Ngenxa yoko trilogy ye Josephus, eyapapashwa kumazwe amaninzi.

Kanye umnqweno wakhe ukubonakalisa modernity, ngokulityhala kwakhona ekuhambeni kwexesha, emva kokuba yokushiywa ngenkani eFransi, umbhali udale i inoveli "NONE-uNero", umlinganiswa ophambili apho abaninzi baye bafunda uMlawuli.

Ubuchule kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe

Emva amaNgqina efudukela umbhali US ndiyile kakhulu kwaye isebenze. Ingakumbi, le inoveli wabonakala ngowe-1947, "Iimpungutye esidiliyeni." Lion Feuchtwanger uchaze kuye iziganeko ezenzeka "emva imiboniso" kweMfazwe of Independence. Yaba umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala post-imfazwe apho Isihlwele sababona ukufana nazo lombutho Faka-Lease.

kweminyaka 4 kamva umbhali yabhalwa umsebenzi yayo idumileyo - ". Goya okanye Indlela Nzima Ukukhanya" Lion Feuchtwanger wayichaza ubomi umsebenzi wegcisa odumileyo Spanish. Le noveli yimpumelelo enkulu ehlabathini lonke yaye uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo iyaqhutywa.

Nkqu kunyaka ophelileyo wobomi sele ogula Feuchtwanger waqhubeka ukudala. Ukususela kusasa kwada kwahlwa ke bizela a stenographer "ballad Spanish" Mthande nguKumkani Spain Alfonso Eighth ukuya commoner Fermoze.