Yintoni ikufundisayo ngokwenene thina Peter Pan?

Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, ngengqondo URosalind Ridley utyelele umhlobo Bakhubeka "Amabali Peter Pan" nguJames Metyu Barri. FUNDA adventures ezisemagqabini uPetros, URosalind Ridley waqonda ukuba la mabali asingabo nje amabali zabantwana malunga zemimoya kunye nezilwanyana bethetha: ngaphantsi kwekhwapha The Adventures of Peter Pena Barri ukufihla ingqiqo enzulu ngokungaqhelekanga lokuqonda koluntu, ingqondo kunye nophuhliso yayo ebuntwaneni.

Eli bali umdla ngendlela sonke sifunde ukucinga. Ngoko ke, yintoni isixelela ibali malunga adventures inkwenkwe zazingathandanga ukuba ukukhula?

isifundo

URosalind Ridley wapapasha isifundo esitsha esimnandi ezisekelwe angena baphawule Barry lokuqonda koluntu, ukucinga, iinkumbulo, amaphupha, namaphupha.

Ridley uxoxa athi uninzi adventures uPetros indawo ukuya iithiyori zenzululwazi ebonakala kwamashumi kuphela emva kokupapashwa amabali.

indaba

Barry lachazwa kuqala Peter Pan xa usaqhubeka umntwana, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba amabali malunga adventures uPetros abonisa inani elikhulu iimpembelelo zangaphandle, kuba kwathatha iminyaka emininzi phambi kokuba wabonakala ibali ethathe imilo.

Umsebenzisi wokuqala wabonakala ngo-1902 kwinoveli uBarry "Tommy and Grisel", kamva kwincwadi labantwana "intaka White" wabonakala Umfana ogama uPetros, abangazange ngokwenene ukukhula up. Umlinganiswa ophambili of Peter Pan waba umdlalo "Peter Pan", ubeke phezu eqongeni ngo-1904. Ngokusekelwe umdlalo ngu Barry wabhala ibali ebizwa ngokuba 'uPetros Wendy ", eyapapashwa ngo-1911.

igalelo

Ngeli xesha, Barry waye sele iyinto eyamkelwa kakuhle umbhali, ejikelezayo ngezangqa zentlalo ezikrelekrele. Olu nxibelelwano wavumela Barry ukuba ukusondela ezinye amanani phambili iincwadi, ubugcisa kunye nenzululwazi.

Nesazi Genri Dzheyms, owayephila ngexesha Barry, wamazisa umzalwana wakhe uWilliam James - wengqondo American, into zizakubalulwa indlela yayo ezintsha. Le abazana, mhlawumbi wakhonza komhlaba ochumileyo ukulinywa izimvo ezintsonkothileyo malunga ezingqondweni zombhali kunye nokulala.

Science and iincwadi zabantwana

Ngenxa yoko, adventures Peter Pan uyaqhubeka isithethe uncwadi umdla XIX-XX kwiinkulungwane - uhlobo lwe umxube inzululwazi nobugcisa, ingakumbi iincwadi zabantwana.

Charlz Kingsli, umbhali we "Abantwana of Water", wabhala tale yakhe phantsi kwempembelelo kwethiyori Darwin yendaleko, ngoxa "Alice in Wonderland" sisifundo emangalisayo kwimathematika logic. Nkqu Hans Christian Andersen baphefumlelwa uphuhliso lwenzululwazi nobugcisa ezintsha, ezifana umzekelo ngemicroscope fyabo.

Ridley ubonisa ukuba uBarry akukho nje "Siboleke" iingcamango zabanye, kodwa sandisa kakhulu umnikelo wabo ngokwayo, ngo-nzulu ukuqonda. Kuninzi yomfanekiso eyodwa lokuqonda koluntu amelweyo amabali malunga Peter Pan, lusekelwe phezu kokwakhelwa astute Barry abantu, izilwanyana kunye naye.

Ukulala kunye Memory

Omnye kuphela ukujonga enye imifanekiso yokuqala adventures uPetros Wendy, "uNksk eDarling kuqala ndeva uPetros xa wabeka ukuze iingqondo zabantwana babo. Eli siko ebusuku zonke unina elungileyo. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba alale abantwana, ukuba ubeka izinto ukuze ezingqondweni zabo ekucamngceni ngaloo ntsasa yonke into endaweni yayo. Umntwana uyavuka kusasa, yaye zonke iingcamango yakhe embi pranks kakuhle ingalungiswa ifihlwe kwenye nzulu, ngoxa ezichanekileyo, iingcinga ezintle, zibhaqwe kwaye ayinakolulwa, balele evulekile. "

URosalind Ridley uveza ukuba le ndinyana ibonisa ngokugqibeleleyo ubudlelwane wobuthongo obukhulu, kwaye inkumbulo esebenzayo.

Okokuqala wabonakala kwinkulungwane XIX emva kwexesha, lo mbono ngoku ngumxholo izifundo zesayensi ezininzi. bahlolwa ubuchopho ngexesha ubuthongo abonisa intshukumo "wave olucothayo" of imiqondiso yombane phakathi Hippocampus - kummandla ibandakanyeka kwinkumbulo ukusekwa, uphinde uthinte omtsha okanye kwentliziyi, elinoxanduva kwinkumbulo yexesha elide.

Xa silele, ingqondo yethu iinkqubo iinkumbulo, ngokungathi ukwenza amava amatsha olufunyenwe emini, kunye abadala. Sinokuthi ukuba liphupha ukudala ulandelelwano umfanekiso iziganeko ezenza ubomi bomntu.

Kanye njengokuba noNkosikazi Darling ococa ezantsi esifubeni pranks zobuntwana, le nkqubo luthoba mizwa ekhathazayo kunye namava okongezeleke imini ephithizelayo. Isinceda sibone ntshikilelo. Akumangalisi ke, iingcali disorder ukulala badla ezinxulumene nesifo sengqondo.

Gipnagogiya

Ukongeza, adventures ezisemagqabini uPetros Vendi Barri luchazwe kakuhle imeko oluphakathi phakathi ukulala nokuvuka.

Uninzi adventures abo baphambili lwenzeka kwi Neverland - kwisiqithi kwakuhle apho abantwana elifikeleleka kuphela ngokusebenzisa ukuyila, kwaye kulula ukulawula kwixesha elifutshane phakathi ukulala nokuvuka.

Abo imifanekiso engaqhelekanga ukusuka zingqondweni ukuba esesiphelweni ebuthongweni, ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba "ngamaphupho hypnagogic", kwaye ke iziphumo Ukunyuka kumsebenzi kwimimandla zobuchopho onoxanduva nokuthelekelela i data evela kwi amalungu nemizwa. Amaninzi, ezi imifanekiso aba ebonwayo, kodwa kunokuba selungu lokuva kunye eziviwayo.

UBarry ngokwakhe uye wahlupheka ekukhubazekeni sleepy - urhulumente uyichitha, esiza ngoko nangoko emva kokuba balale, apho, Noko ke, abantu abakwazi ukususa okwethutyana. Barry udla ngokuchazwa mnandi, ubukho ezicinezelayo ingakwazi mass shapeless.

beenkqubo zeengcinga Complex

Kwihlabathi lwezenzululwazi, bexesha Barry Sizibandakanye elinye xesha linzima kunye umdla kuxoxwa: yintoni umahluko phakathi ingqondo yomntu engqondweni isilwanyana? Yintoni uphawu yokucinga kwethu wasikhwelisa kuwo ngaphezulu ngendaleko, nokuba ezi mpawu ziye zaphuhliswa?

Akumangalisi ke, le miba iyabonakaliswa adventures Peter Pan.

Barry lizama ukuphendula le mibuzo inokufumaneka kwinoveli ngo-1906, "Peter Pan e Kensington Gardens", nto leyo ichaza ubomi uPetros, ngaphambi kokuba Wendy.

Apho bafumana isimilo Solomon - i ihlungulu krele engaqhelekanga. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izilwanyana, uSolomon nako ukucwangcisa ixesha elizayo, zagotavlivaya ingxowa beswele - nuts, nemiqhathane kunye soma yesonka, uhlobo "mini ngemvula". Le yinkqubo engqondweni ngokwanelisayo nzima, kuba ufuna ukuba kungeniswe ngemizekelo abstract, zisuswe langoku.

Umahluko phakathi uSolomon kunye nezinye iintaka zingabonwa ngokucacileyo ngalo mzuzu xa uPetros amcele ukuba ukunceda ukwakha umkhombe owawuza ngomkhombe siye ngaphesheya kwedike. USolomon ngokukhawuleza uyakuqaphela ukuba inqanawa zingasetyenziswa njenge slot, iqatywe ngodongwe, ukuze ungabinako ayivuzi amanzi. Ezinye iintaka nakuwe: abakwazi ukucinga ukusetyenziswa engaqhelekanga loo kwindlwane.

Abantu nezilwanyana

Ngenxa yoko, siyabona ukuba ukukwazi ukucinga ngekamva kuyamakha ukuziphatha lethu, sikwazi ukuba sibe okunobuchule kwaye ngeemeko ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza iimeko ezintsha.

Kwesi sikhundla ixesha elide athethwa kuphela kubantu ekholelwa ukuba nkqu nabantwana lingekho. Nakuba kunjalo, izifundo kutshanje kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba ezi zakhono ziyabonwa kwezinye izilwanyana - obeku- kunye, Isimanga, amalungu sodidi Corvus, oko kukuthi, amahlungulu.

Kwakhona, iingcamango uBarry bakaThixo ngaphambi kwexesha labo.

ingqondo yomntwana

Okunye okunika umdla kukuba lo mfana owalayo bakhule, ngokubonakalayo uPetros uyawalwela ngezakhono kunye nobuchule yobuchopho ezahlula abadala.

Kuyinto phantse ngokungenaloyiko ngokupheleleyo yaye eqinisekile ukuba ukufa - yenye adventure. Ezi mvakalelo awabenzayo, ilula kakhulu, kodwa uloyiko, ingakumbi ukoyika elizayo unknown - yimvakalelo enzima, nto leyo endinga indlela inkcitho enkulu kakhulu amandla kunye nokubandakanyeka zobuchopho ezahlukeneyo.

Ukongeza, uPetros kunzima ukuqonda ukuba omnye umntu ngengcamango yahluke kakhulu abakhe bakhe, kwakungayi kuba yinto ephosakeleyo. Zonke ezi zakhono kunye neenkqubo ecinga ezinxulumene nazo, kukho abantu inkqubo yokukhula, nangenxa uPetros uyala ukuba bakhule, yena bengenazo "abadala" izakhono.