Uluhlu "Groups izinambuzane" (isihloko, inkcazelo, iimpawu)

Izinambuzane ziklasi yezilwanyana ezingenagqirha. Ngokwezigaba ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje, zona, kunye ne-centipedes, zifakwe kwi-subtype ye-tracheoides. Igama leklasi livela kwigama elithi "cut". NgesiFrentshi "inambuzane" kunye nesiLatini "insectum" le nto iguqulelwe ngokuthi "isilwanyana esineenkcukacha." Cinga ngalaba babameli bezilwanyana ngokubanzi. Ekupheleni kwinqaku kwitheyibhile "Amaqela ezinambuzane" aya kufakwa.

Ulwazi jikelele

Emzimbeni wezinambuzane kukho icineticity. Yenza i-eco-skeleton. Isakhiwo senambuzane silula. Kukho amasebe amathathu: intloko, isisu nesifuba. Ukuqwalasela isakhiwo seenambuzane, iimbini zeemilenze zibala. Ziqhotyoshelwe kwingingqi ye-thoracic. Kwamaqela amaninzi, ibini lamaphiko iqhotyoshelwe kwicandelo lesibini nelesithathu. Ubungakanani bomzimba buhluka ukusuka kwi-0.2 mm ukuya kwi-30 cm nangaphezulu.

Ixesha loBomi

Iquka ukuveliswa kwamanzi ezinambuzane. Kubizwa ngokuba "isigaba seqanda". Ixesha le-postembryonic likwahluke. Ihamba ne-metamorphosis. Inokuba yintlobo ezimbini. Kuxhomekeke kule nto, iifenethi zezinambuzane ezingaguqukanga zinguqu. Bawela kwiinqanaba zamaqanda, izibungu kunye nabantu abadala. I-metamorphosis igqityiweyo ibonakala ngezigaba ezine. Kule meko, ukuphuhliswa kwezinambuzane kubandakanya izigaba zamaqanda, izibungu, izidumba kunye nabantu abadala. Izibungu zokuqala zinokufaniswa kwangaphandle nabantu abadala. Ukwahlula phakathi kwabo bubungakanani bomzimba, urhulumente ohlaziyo, okanye ukungabikho kwamaphiko kunye nezitho zobulili. I-Larvae yezilwanyana ezidlula kwiindawo ezine zine-shape shape. Kuphela kubantu abadala abadala iimpawu ezifunekayo zekhompyutha zibonakala. Kwinqanaba le-imago, kukho ukusabalalisa nokuvelisa. Kwinqanaba lezinambuzane zezidalwa ezininzi kakhulu. Izidalwa ezingaphezu kwesigidi zichazwa. Ziye zithathwa njengeqela eliqela kakhulu lezilwanyana kwimvelo kwaye zihlala kuzo zonke iintlobo zemvelo. Zifumaneka yonke indawo, nakwi-Antarctica.

Metamorphosis

Ubuninzi bezinambuzane ezineenguqu ezipheleleyo ekuphuhlisweni kwazo zidlulela kwizigaba ezine. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungabikho kwimvelo. Ngokomzekelo, i-blisters iqaphele into ebizwa ngokuba yi-hypermetamorphosis. Kuquka izihlanu, ezithandathu okanye ngaphezulu. Zimelwe njengezodwa ezizodwa (ezongezelelweyo) izigaba zokurhweba. Icandelo ngalinye libizwa ngokuba yi-triungulin. Olunye uhlangothi luyi-neoteny. Eli gama lichaza amandla okufikelela ekuvuthweni nokuphindaphinda kwisigaba sokuqhawula. Ngaloo ndlela amabhinqa ayadluli kanye kanye amabini amabakala: i-pupae kunye ne-imago. Ngokumalunga nabesilisa, bangahlakulela kumjikelezo oqhelekileyo.

Amaqela ezinambuzane anokuguqulwa ngokupheleleyo

Kwezona ezininzi izilwanyana, i-larva kunye ne-imagos zininzi kakhulu. Iyokuqala imelwa ngamafomu ahlukeneyo. Iingcali ziyazihlanganisa zibe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu. Iyokuqala ibandakanya izibungu, ezifana nabantu abadala, okwesibini, ngokulandelanayo, ezahlukileyo kubo. Iyokuqala ibizwa ngokuba yi-nymphs, kunye neyokugqibela. I-Larva ingaba nokufana nabantu abadala kwimibandela yezinto eziphilayo kunye nokuziphatha. Njengomthetho, bahlala kwindawo efanayo, badle ngokufanayo. Kwiimvumba zinyani, kukho ukungafani okubukhali ukusuka kwi-imago ekubonakala, kwindawo yokuhambisa, ukutya. Ukuze bakwazi ukuba ngabantu abadala, kufuneka bahambe ngeqonga le-pupa. Kwezinye iintlobo zibonakaliswa yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-intermediate stage - subimago. Njengomthetho, kwenzeka ntoni ekuphuhlisweni kwezilwanyana zasemanzini. Abantu abathile kweli nqanaba banemiqondiso yabantu abadala, kodwa abazange bafikelele ekuvuthweni ngokwesini.

I-Biology: iifenethi zezinambuzane. Iingqungquthela

Ummeli oqhelekileyo ngumsila obomvu. Kukholelwa ukuba ukubonakala kweenambuzane ezinjalo kwindlu kubonisa ukuhlaselwa kwabanikazi. Ezi zi lwanyana ziphuma kwindawo yokukhusela ebusuku. Ukutya kwabo okubalulekileyo kukugcinwa kwemveliso engalunganga. Iimfazane ze-cockroach ekupheleni kwesisu zisine-ootheque-into ebizwa ngokuba yiqanda. Bawuphonsa kwisitya. Ukusuka kwi-ooteca kuhlakulela amaqanda, apho, ngokulandelanayo, kukho izibungu. Bahluke kumbala omhlophe kwaye bafana nabantu abadala. Emva koko babumnyama.

Termites

Itheyibhile "Iinkcukacha zeenambuzane" zibonisa ezi zilwanyana njengoluntu. Bahlala kwiintsapho ezinkulu kakhulu. Isiqhelo samathambo sihlulo sezabasebenzi. Kwiintsapho kukho amadoda, abasebenzi, amajoni, "oomakhosikazi" (amabhinqa). I-Termitniki (izidleke zezinambuzane) zinokufikelela kumanqanaba amnandi. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-savannah yase-Afrika umntu unokufumana izidleke ezinkulu ukuya kwi-10-12 m. Inxalenye engaphantsi komhlaba ingafikelela ububanzi beemitha ezingama-60. Zonakalisa izakhiwo zokhuni, izityalo zezolimo. Okwangoku, malunga nama-2.5,000 ama-termite achazwa.

ILice

Ama-parasites angenangqondo afakwe kule nqununu. Ezi zi lwanyana zixhaphaza izilwanyana kunye nabantu. Intloko yentloko ihlala kwizinwele kunye nezikhonkwane zitsho kubo (oko kuthiwa amaqanda). Izinambuzane ezinamafutha zihlala kwiindawo zokugqoka. Zibeka amaqanda ngokuthe ngqo kwinqayi. Amaqabunga avela kubo ahluke ngaphandle ngaphandle kwabantu abadala. Iilumkazi zamabhinqa zibhekwa njengento eninzi kakhulu. Kwaphela inyanga banokuvelisa inzala yeenambuzane eziliqela. Ukuba ngamathambo angaphandle, i-louses inezinto ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, kukho izigqoko eziqinileyo kwiipawu zabo, abanalo amaphiko, njengoko abayidingayo. I-apparatus yomlomo isilwanyana esilula. Ezi zilwanyana zithwala izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Omnye wabo ngu- typhus.

Izibhedlele

Itheyibhile "Amaqela ezinambuzane" afaka kuloluhlu iintlobo zeentlobo zezilwanyana zezityalo. Omnye owaziwayo yi-bug-bug. Ilandela okubhalwe ngqolowa kwizityalo. Kwiindawo zokuhlala unokufumana i-bug-flea. Le nambuzane idala ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kumntu. Kwimibutho yamanzi amatsha, kukho imitha ye-bug-yamanzi. Idla inambuzane ewela emanzini. Kukho phakathi kweemfumbazi kunye nezidumbu, umzekelo, bug-joyun. Ihlasela iintlanzi zentlanzi kunye nee-invertebrates ezahlukeneyo. Wonke amalungu kweli qela abizwa ngokuba yizinambuzane ezinentsiba.

Ezinye iindidi

Izinambuzane ze-Anamorphic zikhetha ukondla kwizityalo zezityalo. Kuloluhlu, umzekelo, faka ii-aphids. Kukho kwimvelo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo kwaye kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizityalo. Izinambuzane ze-Equisetal zibhekwa njengezilwanyana zentsholongwane, ziyingozi kwizityalo. Ngokomzekelo, phakathi kwazo kukho iicicadas ezahlukeneyo ezinokufikelela ubukhulu obukhulu (ukuya kwi-5-6 cm). Umyalelo wama-orthopterans uquka ikakhulukazi inambuzane ezinobuthi. Nangona kunjalo, unako ukudibana phakathi kwabo kunye nezidlo. Ngokomzekelo, abameli abanjengeklabishi, iinkumbi ziyaziwa ngokwaneleyo. Ingqungquthela ibandakanywa kwiqela labathambo. Uhlala kwintsimi, kwii-steppes nakwiindawo zokutya. Unesigxina, i-ovipositor ende. Iklabishi ihamba kakuhle kunye neempukane, ibambe iinyawo. Iyabangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezityalo ezikhulayo kwintsimi (ukhukhamba, iitatata, iinqathe, iklabishi, njl.). Ezinye iintlobo zeenkumbi zibonakaliswa ngokuvelisa ubuninzi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, baqokelela kwimfuyo emikhulu, babaleke kude nomgama omde (ukuya kumawaka angamawaka eekhilomitha). Ngexesha elifanayo ndleleni bachitha zonke izityalo ezitshalwe. Kwiqela leentloko ziquka inambuzane ezidlulayo. Amagama abo anomdla kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ugogo-ugongolo, i-dib-dazoretsi kunye nabanye. Ziyabonwa njengamaflaya abhetele kakhulu. Ziyakwazi ukuhamba kakuhle. Bangakwazi ukulenga emoyeni, babonise ukuhamba okungaqhelekanga, ukuphuhlisa phezulu (ukuya kwi-100 km / h) ngesivinini. Kwixhoba labo bahlasela ngokuthe ngqo kwindiza.

Iibhontshisi

Ezi zinambuzane ezinamaphiko anzima. Ziyabonwa njengeyona ndawo yintlupheko yoluntu. Inani labo lifikelela kumawaka ayi-300. Iibhontshisi zihlala kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zamanzi kunye nomhlaba. Ubungakanani bomzimba wabo buhluka ukusuka ku-0.3 kuya ku-155 mm. Ininzi inambuzane ezinamaphiko ezinzima zilimaza kakhulu izityalo. Ehlabathini, umzekelo, i-Colorado beetle iyaziwa. Waziswa eRussia evela eMelika. I-beetle-kuzka inonakalisa izityalo. I-Beet weevil yonakalisa i-beet yeshukela. I-Larvae yomonakalo we-bhunge ye-Mayon kunye neengcambu zomthi. Yaziwa kwakhona i-beetle. I-drills in bast fibers kunye ne-bark ihamba, inonakalisa iingxondorha ezixabisekileyo. Abameli abaninzi be-detachment bayingozi kwiindawo zokutya. Ngokomzekelo, ezinjalo i-pea okusanhlamvu, i- beetle-bug beetle, i- grind stone -bread bread . Njengenxalenye yenkampani inombhobho-pipu. Ngentwasahlobo, le bhungane iyancipha iqela kwi-vein eyona ndlela ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Ingxenye yeplani ibuna kwaye ilahlekelwe ukuxhuma kwayo. I-beetle ifaka kwaye ibeka amaqanda apho. Ngoko uyayinyamekela inzala. Kukhona phakathi kweebhungane ziinambuzane ezinobuncedo. Amagama ezinje zizilwanyana azinzima. Ngokomzekelo, i-beetles-grobariks kunye ne-pushers. Abantu abaninzi banamathele kakhulu ngaphandle kwaye banokufikelela kumanqanaba amnandi. Ezi zinto, umzekelo, zibhekwa njenge-stag beetle kunye ne-stag, ezidweliswe kwi-Red Book.

Butterflies

Ziyizinambuzane ze-lepidopteran. Ezi zilwanyana zinemibala ekhethekileyo. Enye yezona zinto eziphambili ngumbala ohlukileyo wamaphiko. Iqela liquka: iklabishi, i-urticaria, i- silkworm kunye nabanye. EMpuma Ekude, unako ukudibana nabameli abakhulu beli qela. Njengomthetho, ezi zivumbavane zasebusuku. Amaphiko aya kufana nobubanzi beencwadana ezibonakalayo. Amanqanaba ebusweni bawo anokukwazi ukuphazamisa ukukhanya. Ngenxa yaloo mbala, umbala uba ngu-iridescent. I-Larvae yamabhobhoflethi abizwa ngokuba yimivumba. Ziyahlukahluka emzimbeni omde kwaye zinezixhobo zokusebenza. Iingqungquthela ze-salivary zifaka iintambo ze-silk. Kuzo, ngaphambi kokuba ufunde, iikhokoni ziboshwe. Abantu abadala baqatshelwe ukuba yizona zityalo ezincinci. Uninzi lwezibungu zidla amaqabunga. Oku kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizityalo zenkcubeko. Iipasisiti eziphambili, umzekelo, yi-apple moth, i- whortle yeklabishi, i- silkworm, enebhokhwe yegolide, njl. Ezinye iimbumba ziwonakalisa iimveliso zokutya, zonakalise umgubo. I-Oak kunye ne-silkworm ziyakhiwa ukuze zithole i-silika.

Iqela leentlobo ezahlukeneyo

Inambuzane ye-Hymenoptera yizinyosi, abagibeli, ama-aps, ama-bumblebees, i-sawflies nabanye. Zonke ezi zizilwanyana ziphila ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Abanye abameleli bayamkela. Izibungu zazo zidala umonakalo omkhulu kwizityalo kunye nezinye izityalo. Ezi zinto, umzekelo, ziyi-pin kunye nezonkwa zezonka. Izibhunqa zazo zifana nokubonakala kwintsholongwane. Kule nkalo, badla ngokubizwa ngokuba yimibumba yamanga. Ama-sawflies anayo i-ovipositor ekhethekileyo. Kujoliswe ekufuneni izipokethi kwiishukela zezityalo, apho amabhinqa anamaqanda.

Bumblebees

Zizinto ezintle zokuvolisa. Ezi zinambuzane ze-hymenopteran zibhekwa njengentlalo. Iintsapho zabo zikhona kuphela ngexesha lehlobo. Izidleke zazo zilungiselela emigodini, izidleke, izindlu zeentaka. Ulwakhiwo lwenziwa ngumfazi. Uxhobisa iiseli ze-wax ukubeka amaqanda. Kulowo nalowo ubeka ukubonelelwa kokutya-impova, ixutywe nobusi. Izibungu ezibonakalayo zidla isitokisi, emva kweeveki ezi-2-3 ziqala ukucoca iikhoko kwaye ziphenduke zibe zizidumba. Baphuma kubo beza kusebenza ama-bumblebees, amadoda kunye nabasetyhini. Ekupheleni kwexesha kwisihlaku esikhulu sinokufikelela kuma-500 abantu. Ngekwindla, isibeleko esidala, abasebenzi base-bumblebees kunye nabesilisa bayafa. Amabhinqa amancinci ayafihla ubusika.

Inyosi

Zizisa inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke kwiinambuzane ze-Hymenoptera zentlalo. Izinyosi zezinyosi zibhekwa njengezona zityalo ezifanelekileyo. Zivelisa kakhulu inzuzo kwimveliso yabantu: ubusi, i-royal jelly, i-wax, ipolpolis. Zisetyenziselwa ukutya, zifunwa kwi-cosmetology, iyeza, ekwenzeni iziqholo, iipende, i-varnishes njalonjalo. Kwiintsapho zeenyosi, onke amalungu asebenzisana kakhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukuchuma ngaphandle kweedrones kunye nesisu, abantu abasebenza.

Ummi

Lezi zinambuzane ezinobumba. Kukho omiyane abaqhelekileyo kunye nee-malarial. Inkalo yabo eyahlukileyo yinto ebonakalayo yamaphiko. Ibini lesibini liphendulelwe "buzz". Indawo yokuhlala yimiyane elula yindawo enomdaka, indawo enqabileyo. Ziba kakhulu ngokubanzi phakathi kwehlobo. Izixhobo zomlomo zixhotywe ngeproboscis. Ngoxa uncedwa, bayiphonsa isikhumba baze batye igazi. Izibungu zamangqumbo zinesifom esifomeni. Bahlala emanzini amaninzi. Kulapho bahlakulela, badla, ngokukhawuleza baphenduka babe yimpumba. Bona, nabo bahlala emanzini amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni bengenakudla, kungekudala baya kuba ngabantu abadala. Umiyane oqhelekileyo kunye neengqungquthela ze-malaria ziyahluka ngokutshala. Iyokuqala ibamba umzimba ufana nomhlaba apho uhleli khona. Umlingo we-malaria uphakamisa umva.

Izimpukane

Ezi ziyizinambuzane ezinobisi. Bathi, ngokungafani nobuthi, banalo i-antennae emfutshane. Iimpethu zazo zimhlophe, ngokuqhelekileyo zihamba zingenangqondo. Unomfanekiso wesibindi. I-Larvae ye -flyfly ihlala kwaye ihlakulele ngamanzi okuhambisa amanzi, iimfumba zomquba, i-garbage ekhishini. Apha umfazi ubeka amaqanda. Izibungu zikhwela kwi-inkunkuma ngaphambi kokuphala, zingena emhlabathini, apho zijika khona zibe yimpumba. Abantu abadala baqhubela yonke indawo baze bafune ukutya. Ukusuka kwii-cesspools baqhubela kwimveliso yokutya, bephethe ii-microbes kunye nezifo eziyingozi ezigulisayo.

Amanye amaqela

Kukho iintlobo zezinambuzane ze-retina-winged. Eli liqela elincinci ngobukhulu bayo. Unama-6,000. Inambuzane enjalo inomzimba odibeneyo kunye nezikhuselo eziluhlaza. Umbala wabo unobumba obomvu okanye obumnandi obuhlaza. Iimbini zombini zamaphiko azo zihlanganiswe ngethungelwano lweemvini. Eli qela libandakanya abameli abanjengeengonyama zeengonyama, ii-lacewings, kunye neengxube. Inxalenye enkulu ye-retina yinqanaba. Babonakala kuqala kwixesha lePermian. Ulwakhiwo olulandelayo lweqela luye lwachaphazela ukutshintshwa kwezemvelo kunye nemozulu kwiMesozoic. Inambuzane dragonfly ithathwa njengeflethi enhle kakhulu. Ezi zilwanyana zinomzimba omkhulu. Intloko yabo iselula, amehlo amakhulu akhona. Inambuzane ye-dragonfly ihlala iindawo eziphantsi komhlaba kunye nama-tropical. KwiRashiya YaseRashiya isasazwa ngokubanzi kwimimandla yonke (ngaphandle kweendawo ezomileyo).

Iskimu

Itheyibhile elandelayo, "Iifayili zezinambuzane," zichaza ngokufutshane impawu yezinye izilwanyana ezixoxwa ngasentla.

ntshaba zendalo

Le izinto ezincinane yayintsholongwane eyosulela, kwiintshaba ezingenamqolo ekumfimfitheni. Izinambuzane kwakhona zidle lomqolo ezininzi. iintshaba Natural (entomophagous) ukuze ndibatshabalalise nakwesiphi na isigaba ukukhula. Namhlanje, kukho izinto ezincinci eziphilayo eba activators kwegciwane zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo egazini,, sinambuzane.

Okwangoku, ngaphezulu kwama-400 iintlobo kuchaziwe of nomngundo ezinokubangela izifo ezithile. Iqela elikhulu ngokwaneleyo iintshaba zendalo zezinambuzane zithathwa iintshulube olwaye lwamfimfitha, Nokumphikisa isifo nematode. Phakathi ezingenamqolo asafuna izilwanyana kulo mbuzo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ezinamaqokobhe (noonomadudwane, izigcawu, phalanges, amangolwane, njalo-njalo), amasongololo. Ingozi ekuyo ibonisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlanzi, emanzini. Umzekelo, amasele ukutya ubunjwe 95% ye-zinambuzane. iintshaba Natural neentaka isenzo, ezirhubuluzayo, kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Ngokukodwa, amalulwane eziyingozi isinambuzane, aardvarks, anteaters kunye nabanye. Phakathi kwezi maqela kukho kuluntu lonke zibanga kuphela kwezi zilwanyana. Inani izinambuzane kwi planethi ufikelela 90% yazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo. indima yabo kwindalo kubaluleke kakhulu. amaxesha zokubasa izinambuzane ezitya utyani eziliqela ngaphezu kwezinye izilwanyana, uhlaza. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni ziphele isambuku ekukhuleni zezityalo. izinambuzane olwaye lwamfimfitha nabavath zithathwa nabalawuli zendalo kwemiphakathi ezo eziphilayo ezisebenza unikezelo kwamandla eyinhloko zabo. Bona ngokwabo ukutya ezahlukeneyo ezinomqolo kunye ezingenamqolo izilwanyana.