Uloliwe - yintoni na le nto? Zithini izimvo zabo

Uloliwe - uhlobo lwezithuthi esetyenziswa yi abemi ico kaninzi ngakumbi ukuba kufuneka bahambe ngaphandle lazo. Kwangaxeshanye, bambalwa abantu bayazi ukuba ngaphambi kokufika bakwaloliwe ngelizwi "uloliwe" ebizwa olunye uhlobo lwe zothutho. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na, encinane wayeqhelene imbali koololiwe, iimbono zabo.

Uloliwe - it ...

Namhlanje, eli lizwi wabhekisela kuloliwe of iimoto ezininzi eziqhotyoshelwe kaloliwe, nto leyo yonke uloliwe motion. Njengoko umthetho, uloliwe lo 'intloko' (ekuqaleni) kunye 'umsila "(isiphelo), omabini amacala yayo iqhotyoshelwe yi kaloliwe. Ngokuxhomekeke kuyo le zikaloliwe ngoku nithathele iinqwelo, zingatshintshwa indawo ye 'intloko' yaye 'nomsila "kaloliwe.

Hi ndlela leyi, asinguye wonk 'umntu uyazi, kodwa nkqu kaloliwe ngaphandle iimoto ukohlukana kuyo kwakhona libhekisela ingcamango "uloliwe".

Xa ico, inombolo uloliwe, ukunqanda uphazamiseko. Iimoto kwakhona ukufumana inani, baza bahlala lingatshintshanga nkqu xa kutshintshwe i 'intloko' kaloliwe.

Into ebizwa ngokuba "uloliwe" kwixesha elidlulileyo

ERashiya, igama elithi "uloliwe" wabonakala kakhulu ngaphambi lonke uluntu kunyuke kunye noololiwe. Ngemihla yaba igama lori, kuqulethe kune zizisu ezilandelelanayo (ebusika - sleigh). Ezi oololiwe zazisetyenziselwa ukuthutha imiqathango kunye nezixhobo zemfazwe, ngokunjalo nabarhwebi, ukuze ahlangule iimpahla zabo ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye.

Nokufika bakwaloliwe zabantu eliqhelekileyo yoBukhosi baseRashiya, ilizwi waqalisa ukuba kusetyenziswa igama zombini kaloliwe kunye naye ngokusebenzisana kunye neemoto. Hi ndlela leyi, iimoto ngokwabo ekuqaleni waqhubeka ukubiza amaqela.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ngengqiqo efanayo, igama elithi "uloliwe" namhlanje lisetyenziswa kuphela ngexesha kwimibhiyozo yamsitho. Ngoko ke nibize umngcelele esinyanisekileyo umyeni, emva endlwini umtshakazi ukuba kumthatha aye naye ofisi ecaweni okanye nokubhaliso.

Imvelaphi igama elithi

Isibizo "uloliwe" - igama lweenkobe Russian elalisekwe ukusuka isibizo "hambo", yaye ngaphambili - ukusuka 'ukhwele' isenzi (ukuba ngoncedo isithuthi).

Isenzi kakhulu olwalukho Proto-Slavic ulwimi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu iye yasinda kwi Ukrainian yanamhlanje ( "їzditi"), Belarusian ( "ezdzіts"), Bulgarian ( "yazdya"), Czech (jezdit), IsiPolish (jeździć) kunye nezinye iilwimi Slavic.

Lo kaloliwe yokuqala kuBukhosi Russian

EYurophu, uloliwe umkhweli yokuqala ngoSeptemba 1830. baseYurophu Practical uqala yantle kungekudala ndaqonda indlela lula kwaye esebenzayo, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, uhlobo olutsha cheap zezithuthi, yaye kungekudala loo mmandla ugutyungelwe bakumazwe asele eqhubele phambili bakwaloliwe net.

Kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokuba uloliwe wokuqala sele liqalile, kuba unomdla kulo, kunye nabemi bonke ubukhosi Russian, waza waqalisa umsebenzi nokudalwa kaloliwe yayo.

Sele 1836 yaba lilinge lokuqala ukubeka uloliwe phezu kaloliwe, ke, ngoko endaweni kaloliwe ngomphunga bawurhuqa iinqwelo kololiwe zamahashe uqiniswe. Emva iimvavanyo ngempumelelo ngo-1837 yasekwa ngololiwe St. Petersburg - Tsarskoye Selo, leyo iqhutywa kwi kaloliwe yakhiwe ngokukodwa kuye. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba injini intshukumo koololiwe kusetyenziswa kuphela ngeempela-veki, yaye evekini endaweni yinxalenye kwenqwelo iphelelwe lixesha itsalwa a neentsimbi zamahashe.

Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba umboniso yokuqala ngempumelelo kaloliwe kunye izakhono zalo negalelo kuphuhliso le nto kuyo ubukhosi, yaye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane entsha eRussia womnatha lonke noololiwe.

Ziziphi iindidi koololiwe e ico

Ucalulo koololiwe ezenziwe ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na uloliwe loluka, kufuneka luhlobo ukuba ngokucacileyo zilazi isantya, ubude, ubunzima, uluhlu, route kunye nohlobo umthwalo.

• Ngokutsho ngesantya uloliwe zezi: uninzi (ngaphezu kwe-50 km / h) Isantya (140 km / h), isantya esiphezulu (200-250 km / h) kunye lunikezelo (akukho isantya ngqo, kodwa ihamba ngokukhawuleza nesantya fast, akuthethi ukuthwala abakhweli) .
• Ngobude - ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphandle izihloko dlinnosostavnye, ubude eyonyukileyo kunye kunye noololiwe eziliqela.
• Ngokobunzima - superheavy kunye nobunzima kakhulu (iitoni 6000).
• Limile - ipoma, distal (150 km), ngqo (elandelwa iindlela ngaphezu ezimbini), zendawo (phakathi indlela efanayo iyalandelwa ngaphantsi kwe-700 km), sisaqhubeka, eyalathelwe amaziko (behamba ukusuka kwisikhululo enye ukuya kwenye), amaqela ( ukuhambisa iimoto kunye nezikhululo ezahlukeneyo).
• Xa uhlobo oololiwe impahla na umkhweli, impahla (iimpawu), imithwalo, gruzobagazhnymi, zeposi kunye nempahla kunye emkhosini.
• Ngu njalo: ehlotyeni, ngexesha elinye-, unyaka-ngeenxa zonke.

"Qeqesha" i "station" ngokweekota: yintoni na unxibelelwano phakathi kwabo?

Xa kuqwalaselwa isihloko koololiwe, awukwazi ukucinga into enjalo njenge "station". Nangona kukho izikhululo ibhasi, umlambo, ulwandle, emoyeni (izikhululo), ngokufuthi iingqondo abemi kolu luvo kuyo ngokusondeleyo onxulumene kaloliwe. Isibakala sokuba ehamba ngololiwe unanamhla kuhlala libiza kancinane kwaye uninzi zifikeleleke kubantu phantse kwilizwe apho kukho kaloliwe.

Station imbaxa kwezakhiwo omnye okanye ngaphezulu, eyakhelwe abakhweli inkonzo kunye nempahla yokuhlela. Bona zibekwe ngongoma zilandelayo izithuthi (kwimeko umzila kaloliwe - ezininzi iidolophu ezinkulu).

Ngenxa yesithethe, izikhululo abakwazi ukuhlala nje phantsi okanye ukufumana naluphi uthutho, kodwa ukuze ufumanise ukuba iishedyuli uloliwe, uthenge itikiti kwi-ofisi bhokisi, ushiye impahla yakho kwigumbi yokugcina, ukuya kwindlu zangasese okanye utye ngexesha cafe yasekuhlaleni. Kwakhona, izitishi abaninzi bexhotyiswe amagumbi okuphumla, amagumbi zolonwabo (okanye ihotele), apho umkhweli ngamnye ulinde uloliwe okanye bakhululeke kwaye iqalele.