Ukutshaya okanye ukutshaya? Umphumo wokutshaya emzimbeni womntu

Enye yezilungo ezinobungozi kunye neziqhelekileyo zoluntu zitshaya. Uninzi lwamadoda nabasetyhini imihla ngemihla, ukutshaya icuba emva kokubhema, ukulahlekelwa yimpilo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukutshaya okanye ukutshaya, ngakwesinye icala, yinto yangasese kubo bonke, kodwa kwelinye - uhlanga luya kugula ngakumbi ngonyaka, kwaye ukutshaya kubaluleke kakhulu apha. Into ephambili kukuba akukho bani ophika ukuba ukutshaya kubulala ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva, kodwa akusiyo wonke umntu onokuphelisa lo mkhuba oyingozi. Ngenxa yoko, ngelixa izigidi zabantu zifa ngenxa yomhlaza kunye ne-bronchitis engapheliyo, umntu ufumana inzuzo enkulu ekuveliseni nasekuthengiseni iimveliso zecuba ngaphandle kokucinga malunga nomsebenzi wokuziphatha.

Umxholo wokutshaya ukutshaya

Ukongezelela, xa ugqiba ukutshaya okanye ukubhema, cinga ngabantu abasondeleyo, kuba umsi wecuba awuchaphazeli nje kuphela umntu otshaya kakhulu, kodwa unonakalisa ngokungafanelekanga impilo yabantu abasemaphandleni. Ngoko, namhlanje kuthiwe sele ibonakalisiwe, ukuba abantu abajikeleze umntu otshaya, abafake umsi, bangagula nazo zonke izifo, uphawu lomuntu otshaya. Oku kungenxa yecandelo elilodwa lolawulo lokubhema umsi womsila ongena emzimbeni womntu otshaya, yonke into iyaqhubela emoyeni, ibenzakalisa abantu abasondeleyo. Le ngqungquthela, izazinzulu zithi igama elithi "ukutshaya ukutshaya". Emagumbini aneefestile ezivaliweyo, umxube obungozi bomsi womzimba wabangaboniyo ufezekileyo xa kuphela ugwayi ombini kuphela. Ngaloo ndlela, nangona umntu oyedwa kuphela utshaya, bonke abatsapho bayabhema "malunga nooguba abalishumi ngosuku.

Imbali yengqumbo eRashiya

Kwangexesha elide, itekisi ayikhuthazwa eRashiya. Ngaloo ndlela, ekuqaleni kwexesha le-17 leminyaka yokutshaya ukubhema utshaya wagwetywa ngesigwebo somntu, kwaye ekupheleni kweentsuku zokutshaya zazingcatshulwa ngesigwebo sokufa okanye ukusika iintonga zabo. Kwaye icuba ayikwazanga kuphela ukutshaya, kodwa ibuye ithengise, kwaye igcine indlu. Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kwavalwa kwada kwafika uPetros Omkhulu. Njengoko kwaziwa, umbusi wayemthanda amasiko aseYurophu waza wazama ukuwazisa ezweni laseRussia, kwaye ngokubhekiselele kwicuba, waphakamisa yonke into evimbelayo. UPetros ngokwabo waba ngumlutha we-nicotine, ngenxa yoko ukutshaya kwangoko kwanyusa. Wade wadala uluhlu lweemimiselo ezilawula ukusasazwa nokutshaya iteksi. Ngokomzekelo, ukunyusa nokukhupha umsi kuvunyelwe kuphela kwiibhulo ezizodwa ezijoliswe ekubhekeni. Esi sigxina sogwayi eRashiya saqhubeka safikelela ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20.

Imveliso yokuqala yokucoca iteksi yakhiwa ngo-1705, eSt. Petersburg naseAkhtyrka. Ukongezelela, ngomnyaka ofanayo, umyalelo wakhishwa ekuhanjisweni kwecuba kwi-burmasters.

Ngaphakathi kwekhulu le-18, ukutshaya eRussia kwase kusasazeke. Ngaphandle kwesi sidakamizwa, akukho liholide kwaye akukho ntlanganiso enye.

UCatherine waqhubeka ekhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwecuba, ukuvumela ukuthengiswa kwamahhala, okukhokelela ekuveleni kweevenkile zangasese ezizimeleyo. Ngendlela, ngelo xesha umbuzo ukuba ukutshaya okanye ukubhema kubaluleke ngokukodwa, kuba itekisi yayingasuki kuphela kodwa ikhunjulwa.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwecuba lokuqala kwangenisa, kodwa ngasekupheleni kwefayili ye-18 ye-fodya yendawo yayingekho ngaphezu kwecuba langaphandle. Uhlobo oludumileyo lomsi wokutshaya u-Ammersford ugwayi, owawuthiwa yi "makhorka".

Ukususela ngoko, ukutshaya eRussia kuhlale kukhula, ukuthobela ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi zabo bonke abantu abatsha.

Izizathu zokuba abantu baqale ukutshaya

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu baqala ukutshaya, balingisa abahlobo kunye nabaqhelana nabo, ngoko i- reflex efakwe kwiimeko. Ukuba sithetha ngokutshaya kwexesha elide, ngoko sithetha ngokuxhomekeka kweziyobisi.

Ininzi yabantu bayabhema ngenxa yokuba basebenzise ukwenza. Abafumani nantoni na kwi-nicotine, nangona kunjalo ukuyeka le mkhwa ayinayo amandla okwaneleyo. Enyanisweni, ababanaso izizathu ezaneleyo zokunqanda ugwayi. Oku kubonakaliswa kukuba abantu abanyango olunezifo ezinzima ezibangelwa ukutshaya, ngokukhawuleza bayalibala ngemikhwa yabo embi. Abantu abangama-70% abanalo imfuno yecuba, kwaye ngoko banokuyeka ukutshaya. Oku kubonakaliswe ukuphononongwa kwamanani abantu abatshunjayo ngaphambili abaye bahlukana nalo mkhuba, ngokulula. Ngoko kufuneka uqaphele ngokukhawuleza kwengozi yale nto yokuzonwabisa kwaye uyeke ukutshaya.

Ukutshaya utywala

Ngethuba lokuqala, i-hemp yokutshaya yaqala ukusetyenziswa eMelika kuma-70. Ngaphambi koku, isityalo sasetyenziswa kuphela kwiyeza kunye nokwenza ioli ye-hemp. Abantu abancinci, abaye badala intshukumo ye-hippy, baqalisa ukutshaya i-marijuana njengendlela yokuphumla. Ngenxa yoko, le nkunkuma yowesibili ininzi esetyenziswayo kwihlabathi, inika indlela yokutya iteksi kuphela.

Ukuba ukhumbule amaxesha aseSoviet, i-hemp yakhula ngokukhululekile kwigadi zemifuno yabantu basekhaya njengolukhula kunye nokutya kweentaka. Kuze kube yimhla, ukulima kwesi sityalo kulandelwa ngumthetho, njengoko kuvele ukuba i-hemp iqukethe izinto ezinokuthiwa yi-narcotic ebizwa ngokuthi "kanabinoids" engatshintsha ingqondo kunye nengqondo yomntu otshaya. Ukongeza, emva kokubetha umzimba womntu, kuncipha kwixinzelelo lwegazi, intlungu entliziyweni, ukulahlekelwa kwememori, ukuphawula ngokukhawuleza, oku kungaholela ekufeni. Kwakhona, ukutshaya i-marijuana ixesha elide kubangelwa ngumhlaza wemiphunga kunye ne-larynx, ukungabikho kwengqondo, ukugula ngengqondo, ukuqonda ukungabi nantoni ebomini, okubangelwa kukudakumba okukhulu nokuzibulala. Imbono yangoku yokuba ukutshaya i-cannabis ikhuselekile ayikho into engeyonto.

Ingaba iteksi ichaphazela impilo yabantu

Ngaphambi kokwenza isigqibo, ukutshaya okanye ukungafaki, kufuneka ukwazi ukuba emzimbeni womntu akukho zixhobo apho umsi wocuba ungaba nefuthe elibi.

Ekubeni umxholo we-oksijini egazini lika-smoker uphantsi, kukho i-spasm yeenqwelo ze-cerebral, echaphazela imemori, amandla okusebenza kunye nemeko yenkqubo ye-nervous. Umntu uvakalelwa ukuthukuthela, ulwa neentloko kunye nokulala.

Ukugqithisa inkqubo yokuphefumula, umsi onobungozi obunobungozi uphatha kakubi zonke izitho zokuphefumula, ucasula izibilini zomlomo, umlomo, larynx, bronchi. Imiphumo eyingozi kakhulu yale mpahla inokubanda kakhulu, kubangelwa ziimeko ezinzulu, ukutshaya kubangela umdlavuza. Ukongeza, ngokutshaya ixesha elide, i-gap yezwi iyancipha, kunye nezwi liye litsho, lilahlekelwe lizwi layo.

Kwakhona, abantu abasoloko bebhema banomkhwehlo obonisa, ukubonisa ukuvuvukala kwendlela yokuphefumula, ekugqibeleni iguqulela kwifomu engapheliyo, kubangele i-pneumonia ne-asthma ye-bronchial.

Ukongezelela, umntu otshaya ngokukrakra ufumana izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo zenkqubo yokujikeleza: unokufumana uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye nokuphulwa komsebenzi wentliziyo, kuquka ukuhlaselwa kweentliziyo.

Inkqubo yesisu yomntu obhemayo ayinanto engaphantsi kwezizinto ezinobuthi obuqulethwe kwi-nicotine. Umsi wecuba ugxeka ama-stlands, okubangela ukwanda kohlulo lwamathambo, oko kungena kwisisu, kunomphumo onobungozi kwinkqubo yokutya. Ukongezelela, amazinyo omntu abe ngumthunzi, i-gums yegazi, i-caries kunye nokuphefumula okubi.

Ukongeza, impembelelo engafanelekanga yokubhema kwimisebenzi yesondo kunye nomsebenzi wesini somzimba uyaziwa.

Impembelelo yecuba embonakalweni yamantombazana

Kuboniswe ukuba izinto ezinobungozi eziqulethwe ngogwayi azichaphazeli kakubi kuphela izitho zangaphakathi, kodwa kunye nokubonakala komntu. Okokuqala, abesetyhini bavelele kwimpembelelo ye-nicotine, elukhumbeni apho isicatshulwa sishiya impawu ebonakalayo. Kuye kwangqina ukuba inzulane yokutshaya inomzimba owomileyo wombala womhlaba, ulungele ukubonakala kwangoko kwemibimbi. Ukongezelela, isikhumba silahleka ukunyaniseka kwayo, iintlobo zeeasolabial kunye neengxowa zivela phantsi kwamehlo, izihlathi zifake, inkqubo yokuguga iqala. Abasetyhini, ukuxhatshazwa kwesi sigqirha, bachithe amazinyo abo, bahlule baze badibanise iinwele zabo, baphenduke baqhekeze baze bagubungele izipikili zabo.

Ukongeza, ukutshaya kakhulu kunciphisa ukuveliswa kwe-hormones ye-estrogen, ukungabi nantoni kuphela ekuncediseni ukuguga ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kuphazamisa umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, okukhokelela ekungabikho komntwana.

Amantombazana okutshaya kufuneka alumkele ilanga, ulusu lwabo lubonakala kwiinkqubo ezinobungozi kwimigqalwa embalwa phantsi kwesenzo selanga. Ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, zichazwe kwi-solarium, kunye neenkqubo ezithile zokuzicoca. Ngokomzekelo, abantombazana ababhema abanako ukujongana nokujongana nokusebenzisa ii-acrasive particles kunye nama-acids ahlukahlukeneyo, kuba unokulimaza kakhulu isikhumba esincinci.

Ukutshaya ngexesha lokuzala umntwana

Ukubhema, ngokusemgangathweni, ngumkhuba onobungozi kwintombazana. Ngaphezu koko, kuyingozi ukuba umfazi ulindele umntwana, ekubeni kulo mzekelo uzibeka engozini engenakulungelekanga kuphela kwimpilo yakhe, kodwa kunye nobungozi bempilo ebalulekileyo, kwaye kaninzi kubomi bomntwana ongakazalwa. Oogqirha baye bafakazela ukuba ngelo xesha umfazi okhulelwe etshaya, umntwana ekhanda lakhe ukhwehlela aze adibanise, adibanise nomsi. Ngenxa yoko, i-oksijini iyayeka ukunikezelwa ngokwaneleyo ekuphuculweni okuqhelekileyo, nto leyo engakhokelela kuphela ukuhanjiswa ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela, kodwa nayo inokufaka isandla ekufeni komntwana. Ukongezelela, oomatshini bokutshaya basongelwa ngokuzalwa komntwana ongeyonyango onobuncinane.

Kukho uluvo lokuba ukuba intombazana ibhembile ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, ukuphela kwe-nicotine ukungena emzimbeni kunokuba nefuthe elibi. Ukuhambelana nale ngcamango, amantombazana amaninzi kuloo meko ayaqhubeka etshaya, ekunciphiseni ngokunciphisa inani lenkunkuma. Enyanisweni, ukuba umfazi okhulelweyo utshaya, le nto inokuhlala ibenemiphumo eyingozi kakhulu kumntwana, kunokuba ilahle i-nicotine ngokukhawuleza.

Ukutshaya phakathi kwabantwana nolutsha

Ekubeni uninzi lwabantu luqala ukutshaya ukususela kumntwana kunye nobudala besikolo, ukulwa nokutshaya kufuneka kuqale kwasebuncinaneni. Abantwana bafanele baqaphele imiphumo emibi ye-nicotin emzimbeni womntu otshaya. Ukuthetha ngemiphumo emibi yecuba, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa abantwana ukuba ukutshaya kuyingozi kakhulu kwimpilo, ekucebisekanga ukuba kungabikho kuphela ukuqhuba iingxoxo, kodwa nokusebenzisa iifoto kunye neefowers, kunye nokubonisa iifrimu zefilimu ezinikezelwe kwesi sihloko. Umsebenzi kufuneka uqhutywe ngokubambisana ngokubambisana kwabazali, ootitshala kunye nemibutho kawonkewonke. Ngenxa yoko, abafundi bafanele baqonde ukuba ukutshaya akusikho umqondiso wobuntu abadala kunye nodumo, kodwa ukuzibulala ixesha elide.

Manani

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, malunga nabantu abayizigidi ezintathu bafa minyaka yonke ngokubhema, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu eli nani liya kwanda ukuya kwizigidi ezilishumi. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zabala ukuba, ukususela ngo-1950, ukutshaya kuthathe ubomi babantu abangamashumi amathandathu anesibini, abantu abangaphezu kwezinto ezilahlekileyo kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ingxaki ephezulu kakhulu yokubhema i-Central kunye neMpuma Yurophu, apho unyaka unomlutha ubulala abantu abangamawaka ama-700, enye enye yekota kubo bonke ukufa emhlabeni.

ERashiya, ukusetyenziswa kwe-nicotine kukhula njalo ngonyaka. Ngoko, kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo i-cigarettes edlalwa ngabantu likhule ukusuka kwikhulu elinamanci asixhenxe ukuya kumawaka asixhenxe amabhiliyoni ngonyaka.

Ukukrazula utywala

Umntu omntu utshaya ixesha elide, unamandla ngakumbi, kuxhomekeke kwi-nicotine. Ukongezelela, unyaka wonke amathuba okulahla ngokuzimeleyo komlutha ayancitshiswa kakhulu. Abantu abaninzi, abakwazi ukulahla umlutha, ubumnyama kwiminyaka emininzi. Kwaye akunjalo ukuba abayiqondi ukuba ukutshaya kunye nempilo ayinxulumani, kodwa nje ababanamandla omoya ekuqaleni, ngoko kuza kuxhomekeke kwi-narcotic yokuxhomekeka kwicuba, apho kuphela unyango lwezokwelapha lunokunceda.

Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kukho ipesenti encinci yabantu abathi, emva kokuthatha isigqibo sokuyeka utshaya, abayi kuphinda babuyele ekubhemeni. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umntu otshaya ulahla i-nicotine kuphela ixesha elide, kwaye ngokunyanzeliswa kancinci, okanye ngokubetha inkampani ehambelana nayo, ubuyela kwi-cigarettes kwakhona. Ukongezelela, ukuphindaphinda kokuxhomekeka koxuba kungenzeka nangemva kweminyaka emininzi, ekubeni i-cigarette yokugqibela yayitshuntshwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuyenzeka phantsi kwefuthe lotywala okanye imeko ephazamisayo. Yaye ukuba loo mkhwa uphindela emva koko, i-cigarette enye yanele.

Ukuba kumntu impendulo yombuzo. Umsi okanye ungabhiyi, ngokuqinisekileyo ungabonakali, kwaye ulahlekelwe ukuxhomekeka kuwe, ungachithi ixesha kunye nokulibaziseka ukutyelela isikhungo sonyango.

Ewe, kukho iziyobisi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokuthengwa ngaphandle kwemithi kunye nonyango nakwephi na ikhemisi, kodwa abahlali bancedisa ukulahla umlutha, ngaphandle kwamanye amayeza anecala kunye nemiphumo emibi. Ngoko ke, kuphephile kwaye kunokwethenjelwa ukuphendukela kwiingcali. Njengomthetho, iikliniki ezikhupha umlutha we-nicotine, ungasebenzisi amayeza kuphela, kodwa kunye nezidakamizwa ze-hypnotic, kunye neendlela zokwakheka kwengqondo. Ukusebenza kunye noogqirha-iingqondo zengqondo zibaluleke kakhulu, njengeeseshoni zengcebiso zivumela ukuba uhlaziywe ingqondo yomntu otshaya kwaye ufundise ukuba ujabulele ubomi ngaphandle kwe-nicotine. Yindlela edibaniseneyo enokuvumela ukuba ugxothise ngokusisigxina abantu abaxhomekeke kwixuba kunye nokubuyisela impilo elahlekileyo.