Ukutshatyalaliswa (ipula umthi): inkcazo nokuhlaziywa

Mhlawumbi kunzima ukufumana indoda engathandi iipulo. Iziqhamo ezinomsila ezinomdla zinokuthi zithande izinto ezahlukeneyo: isityebi esimnandi, esimuncu, i-tart. Zikulungele ukufumana ifom etsha, kunye ne-jams, i-jams, i-jellies kunye neentshisi zizalisekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukutya kwethu ebusika.

Ngoku kukho ukuza kwaziwa ngamakhulu eentlobo zezi ziqhamo eziphawulekayo, kwaye nangona kunjalo, abafuyi bahlala behlakulela iintlobo ezintsha, ezithe gqolo ngakumbi, ezibonakaliswa ngumvuno ophezulu, ukuxhatshazwa kwangaphambili, ukunyuka kwamaqabunga, njl. Kulo nqaku, asinakukuxelela ngento entsha yokukhetha. I heroine yayo iya kuba yi-Apple Freshness. Inkcazo, ukuphononongwa kwabasimizi abanolwazi baya kukunceda ukuba uhlolisise ukufaneleka kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ukufunda iimpawu zayo.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwangeniswa ngowe-1976 kwiSizwe soNyulo lweZityalo zokhula. Iintlobo ezibonakalayo zivela ngenxa yokuhamba ngokuqatha kwe-Antonovka-red-bellies ne-hybrid Welsey x F2 M. Floribunda. Olu hlobo luneempembelelo zendalo, ukuba luqulethe i-Vf. Ekubeni ngo-1985, imithi yokuqala eyafumana iziqhamo yavelisa iziqhamo, kwaye ngo-1994 iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zazingekho phantsi. Ababhali balo msebenzi beZM Serova, VV Zhdanov, EN Sedov.

Ukulungiswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo

Ngo-1995, iintlobo ezahlukileyo zavanywa kwiindawo ezisemNtla kunye neNdawo eziMnyama eMzantsi, kwaye emva kweminyaka emithandathu zahlulwa. Ngelo xesha, le mithi ye-apula yayimelwe kwiingoma ezidumileyo kwigadi. Uhlobo olutsha (ukuphonononga ukuqinisekisile oku) lufanelekile ukutyala kwiidiya ezinzulu. Luhlobo luni lwenkcubeko?

Ukutshatyalaliswa ngumthi wase-apula, oguqulwa ngokufanelekileyo kwisimo sezulu eshushu. Ngaloo nto, inokumelana nokukhwa kwamaqabunga. Emva kwexesha, i-apula isihlahla esinoBuchule sele sisasazeke. Inkcazo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezinikezwa ngabalobi, yenza ukuba ikwazi ukuyijongela kwimimandla eyomileyo, phantsi komqathango wokutyilisa okuninzi. Ngaphandle koko, umthi uya kupheliswa. Oku kungenxa yokuba imithi ye-apula ifumana izondlo eziyimfuneko kwifom echithwe ngayo kwinkqubo yengcambu. Ngoko ke, kwisimo sezulu eshushu kusenokukunceda ukulungelelanisa kuphela umthamo omkhulu.

Ukutshatyalaliswa ngumthi wase-apula ongakhula kwisimo sezulu esibandayo. Ukulungelelanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo akukho mfuneko yamanyathelo akhethekileyo, kuba inokukhuseleka kwamaqabunga. Into kuphela efunekayo eyenziwe ukunceda umthi ukuba uphumelele uxinzelelo ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukondle nge-organic fertilizers.

Ubutsha (ipulazi): inkcazo

Umthi wale mveliso unobungakanani obukhulu kwaye ubonakala ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Inomqhele ojikelezayo, ophakathi. Amasebe aphezulu ahlangene, aphihliweyo. Amagqabi kumaqhosha aphezulu kunye nesitembu sinombala obomvu kwaye unobuso obushelelekileyo. Amahlumela e-elm enemilo, enomlinganiselo, ophakathi, kwicandelo elincinciweyo, kwindawo ephezulu ye-pubescent, emdaka obomvu, emanzini aphakathi, ayenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo. Iinjongo zixinyiwe, zihamba kakuhle kwaye zinobunjwa bomzimba.

Amagqabi avulekileyo, ajikeleza ngokuma, aphezulu, aluhlaza okomhlaza. Amacwecwe asemaphandleni amancinci, aneemida ezincinci kunye nesigxina esincinci. Ubunzulu obunomxholo obumnyama kunye nendawo enzulu. Iipetioles zobungakanani obude, ubude, buhluke kwizinwele ezibuthathaka.

Iintyatyambo

I-Inflorescences yesakhiwo esinyeneyo, uhlobo olusisigxina. Zingabandakanywa ukusuka kwiintyatyambo ezine ukuya ezintandathu. Ukuhlaziywa kuboniswe kumthunzi omhlophe-omnyama obomvu. Iintyatyambo zibukhulu obuphakathi, kunye neepalali ezijikeleziweyo, ezingabhalwanga. Ama-Stigmas ahamba kunye nama-anthers, ngamanye amaxesha aphakamileyo aphezulu.

I ziqhamo

Ukutshatyalaliswa ngumthi wase-apula (umfanekiso onokubona kwinqaku), owenza iziqhamo zobukhulu kunye nobukhulu obukhulu: i-apula enye ibinzima ukusuka kwikhulu elinamanci amathathu ukuya kwekhulu kunye namashumi amane amagremu. Kukho ama-specimens amakhulu, kodwa azigqithisi amabini amagremu.

Ubume besiqhamo senziwe ngemibhobho (i-flat flattened in sides), kunye neembambo ezibanzi. Ulusu luyaziwa ngumhlaba oqhekekileyo kunye ne-tints ecacile. Umbala ngexesha lokukhula okukhitshiweyo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, luchazwe kwiintlobo ezininzi zeipulo kunye nemivimbo yombala obomvu. Iipedicels ubude obude kunye nobukhulu, obunamathele, ngqo. Amagumbi okuhluma imbewu. Imbewu inkulu, imnyama embala. Ifom yabo ifanelekile, idityaniswe. Inyama ine-tint eluhlaza, isilungiso esihle kunye nesinyabi. Iphula ngokulula xa ixabela.

Isiqhamo sinobusika kakhulu, sinomsindo obuthathaka. Ivebe yeapulo iyanandi kwaye iyomuncu. Ngokutsho kwinqanaba le-five point-taste, iingcali zivavanya izibheno zabo zangaphandle ngamanqaku angama-4.3, iimpawu ezintle - 4.2 amanqaku. Ukuba sithelekisa kunye ne-Antonovka eyaziwayo, ngoko ke ukukhangela kwayo kuqikelelwe kumanqaku angama-4.1, kwaye iimpawu zengcamango zifanelwe iimpawu ezi-4.0.

Izinto eziwusizo

Iintyatyambo zizityebi kwiithamini kunye nezondlo. Ziqulethe:

• 0.77% ye-acids ebizwa;
• 9.2% ushukela;
• 12.4 mg / 100 g ye-ascorbic acid;
• 436 mg / 100 g ye-P-esebenzayo izinto;
• 17.8% izinto ze-pectin.

Iintlobo zifanelekile ukucubungula (jam, ijusi, i-jams, njl njl) kunye nolondolozo. Ixesha lokuvuthwa elikhutshwayo liza ekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Ii-aples zigcinwa, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yintliziyo yazo, de kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ukutshatyalaliswa ngumthi we-apula, okwangoku, ukuvelisa i-187 c / ha.

Ukutyala nokunyamekela

Unokutshala imithi yamapula ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Abagadi beligadi bacebisa ukuthenga izithombo phambi kokutshala, kwaye kulungile xa ziqhambuka iingcambu - ngokukhawuleza ubone imeko yenkqubo yeengcambu ngexesha langoku. Imbewu ethengiweyo kufuneka ilungele ukutyala: unqunyulwe i-rootlets ezigulayo okanye eziphukileyo, uthathe iinqununu okanye isilonda ngelahle elichotshoziweyo, usasaze iingcambu kakuhle. Iifama kwiimbewu azifanele zivuke.

Kuphi ukutyala umthi we-apula?

Olu luhlu luyithobekile kwiinkathalo, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanelekileyo yokutyala kwintsimi. I-Apple Tree Freshness iya kukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye iphucule kakuhle kwindawo edibeneyo, kufuphi nomthi wohlobo oluthile. Oku kubangelwa ukuphambuka kwemimoya.

Ground

Umngcingo wokuhlawulela akufanele ulandelwe kakhulu kakhulu: akukho mitha enye ububanzi kunye namasentimitha angamashumi mathandathu ekujuleni. Umhlaba kuwo kufuneka ukhululeke kakuhle kwaye ukhuliswe. Kufuneka ikhunjulwe ukuba xa umhlaba wokutyala ugcwele, ukutshatshaza (umthi we-apula) ngokukhawuleza ukongeza ukukhula, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo lilungiswa kakuhle. Ukutyala umsila, qaphela indlela umqolo weengcambu uhlala ngayo. Isikhundla sayo esifanelekileyo kumgangatho nomhlaba.

Ukunyamekela izityalo

Emva kokutyala, imbewu kufuneka ilingiswe ngokubanzi. Ukunyamekela kakuhle imithi ye-apula kuyinkimbinkimbi yamanyathelo aquka ukwenza imisebenzi elula:

• Ukuhlola ngokukhawulezileyo kwaye rhoqo rhoqo kweso sityalo;
• Ukuphulukiswa kweenxeba kunye nokulimala;
• Ukususwa kweehlumela ezonakalisiweyo okanye ezomileyo; Ukukhutshwa komhlaba malunga nomthi;
• Umhlophe omhlophe (entwasahlobo);
• Unyango oluvela kwiintlanzi.

Ukulungiselela ubusika

Ekwindla, umthi omncinci uphononwe ukuphakama ukuya kuma-centimitha angamashumi amabini, udibanisa isangqa se-trunk nge-humus, compost okanye peat, kunye ne-trunk igciniwe ngesisombululo se-chalk. Ukuba endaweni yakho iindubhu zixhaphaza ebusika, abaphikisayo ukutya i-aple bark, ubophe iziqu zemithi ene-cane okanye i-lapnik. Ngomnyaka wokuqala wobomi be-apple-tree akudingi ukondla kwekwindla - yinto ekhoyo ngokwaneleyo, ekhoyo kwi-mulch.

Ukugcina izithelo

Ukuba ufuna ukugcina ii-apula ezitsha, kufuneka usebenzise izitya zokhuni. Iibhokisi kunye neziqhamo zifakwe kwigumbi elipholileyo (i-cellar, i-cellar).

Izifo kunye nezinambuzane

Ukutshatyalaliswa ngumthi we-apula, ogulayo kangako. Ngenxa yobomi be-Vf yegeni, ayifumaneki kwizifo ezifayo, ngaphezu koko, izinga lokumelana ne-scab liphezulu ngokwaneleyo. Nangona kunjalo, le mithi ingaba nezifo ezinjenge-britter burn, umdlavuza omnyama. Indlela yokujongana nabo? Makhe sijonge kule nkcukacha ngokubanzi.

Iibhakteria zitshisa

Unokuvela ngenxa yokungakhathali. Iindlela eziphambili zokulwa nalo ukungafihli nokutshatyalaliswa kwe-infection ye-infection.

Black Cancer

Njengomthetho, ukhula kumthi omncinane. Kubalulekile ukuba ungavumeli esi sifo sifumane kwisayithi. Ukuthintela kakuhle kwesi sifo kukungeniswa kwamagqabi e-potassium.

Isibonakaliso esingaphantsi kokuphazamiseka kukubonakala kweentlanzi kwi-apula.

1. Ukuba isityalo sahlaselwa yi- aphid eluhlaza , kuyimfuneko ukuphatha umthi nge-dandelion infusion.
2. Xa kuvela i- apple moth , sebenzisa isisombululo se-chlorophos-le yodwa yodwa isilungiso esinokuyitshabalalisa le nkathazo kwisihlahla se-apula.
3. Ukususela kwiqabunga leqabunga, unokususa isisombululo se-Nitrofen.

Izinzuzo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo

Ngokutsho kwabafuyi kunye nabagadi begadi abanamava, amaqhinga angenakunqwenelekayo e-apula Imitshatshazo iyamelana nemigangatho emihlanu yesiqabana samaqabunga neziqhamo. Ukongeza, ii-pluses kufuneka zibandakanye ukuvuthwa kwexesha elide, isivuno esiphezulu, ithuba lokugcinwa kwezityalo zangexesha elide (de kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo) kunye neempawu eziphezulu zeempahla.

I-Apple tree Ukutsha: ukuphononongwa

Nangona kuvela ngokukhawuleza kwenani elitsha lemihlobo emitsha kunye nemifuno, abalimi abanolwazi bavuya ukuqhubeka nokukhula kwezi zihlahla. Bachaza ukhetho lwabo ngobulula bokunakekelwa kwezityalo, isivuno esiphezulu. Iziqhamo zinomdla obumnandi, ococekileyo kakhulu kunye neqholiweyo. Ukongezelela, benza ama-jams amnandi kunye namajams. Isiluleko kuphela kubagadi bokuqala abavela kwizakhono: ukutshala ukutshayela kunye neepulo zezinye iintlobo zokuphucula impoqo.