Ukusetyenziswa izalathandawo IsiNgesi: imithetho

Izalathandawo kwisivakalisi ziyinxalenye yale ntonye, apho kweso sikhundla yokuqala. Izithetha ntonye ngokuyimfuneko kufuneka sisibizo emva isalathandawo. ibinzana womyeni akwazi njengesibizo olunye, kunye iqela lamagama zixhomekeke. Le ndawo kuthiwa ngumphelelisi ababezibiza Izithetha ntonye. Ukongeza, izalathandawo unako ukukhonza njenge isuntswana kwi ekwakhiweni yesenzi Isixando.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezalathandawo ngolwimi IsiNgesi kwitheyibhile

Izithetha ntonye udlale indima iimeko ixesha nendawo, shicilelo, gqibezela isenzi okanye isiphawulo, kunye nendima yesifundo. Maxa wambi izalathandawo asebenze subordinative ukuba iqela amadini eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. Kuba intetho ukufunda nokubhala (nokubhala) echanekileyo yokusebenzisa izalathandawo kubaluleke kakhulu IsiNgesi. Imithetho enikwe ngezantsi ichaza zokuziphatha kwezalathandawo kunye namabinzana Izithetha ntonye kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

Njengeendawo isimo

Izalathandawo ingabonisa ulwalathiso ngokwasemzimbeni okanye abstract (indawo).

• e / kwi ndawo;
• kwi / phakathi kwindawo ethile;
• phezu / ngaphezulu;
• phambi kwe / ngaphambili;
• kufutshane / vala;
• ngaphezulu / kwi phezulu;
• lonke / nge;
• phantsi / ezantsi, njl

Njengoko iimeko ixesha

Izalathandawo zingasetyenziswa ukunciphisa ixesha amathuba ( 'kuba', 'ngexesha', ukusuka ... ukuya / ade / de ...) yaye zijongisise iingongoma endaweni ixesha enye kwenye ( 'eyadlulayo', 'phambi', 'emva', 'kwi', 'emva', 'ngaphakathi').

• Nguye apha inyanga / na apha inyanga.
• Kwakukho zoloyiso ezimbini ezinkulu ngexesha lemfazwe / sase zoloyiso ezimbini ezinkulu ngexesha lemfazwe.
• Baye sekhefu ukusuka ngentsimbi yokuqala kude kube ezimbini ngentsimbi / Zinelungelo ikhefu lelantshi ukusuka kwelinye ukuya ezimbini.
• frog wakhe wafa kwinyanga edlulileyo / isele wakhe wafa kwinyanga edluleyo.
• Siye sadibana kokuba sasemini / Sadibana, phambi kokuba adle.
• He've bekuloo ngaselwandle kuba ndahlukana nayo / Wayehlala phezu konxweme ukususela ngoko, ukuba tie njani.
• Yathi yakudlula ngentsimbi yesihlanu / yathi yakudlula iiyure ezintlanu.
• kufuneka khona Thina emva ezingamashumi amathathu ezilishumi / Sifanele sibe khona emva 10:30 kusasa.
• Siza kufumanisa kwiintsuku ezintathu ezilandelayo / Siza kungena ukuba iintsuku ezintathu ezilandelayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezalathandawo ngolwimi IsiNgesi nemihla: c imithendeleko ezahlukahlukeneyo zonqulo esetyenziselwa 'kwi', kule minyaka, wabeka 'ngaphakathi', iintsuku zeveki, iziganeko ezizodwa kunye nemihla rhoqo esetyenziselwa 'kwi'.

• e Christmas / Christmas; Easter / ipasika;
• kunyaka / nyaka-2015 ngo-2015; ngo 2015/2015; ngosuku lwamashumi amabini sentury yokuqala / kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye;
• ngoMgqibelo / ngoMgqibelo; kwi engama lakhe lomtshato / lamhla yakhe; ngosuku lwamashumi omabini anesine Oktobha / i-yesine amabini ka-Oktobha.

Ukusetyenziswa izalathandawo IsiNgesi, iinyanga namaxesha: 'ngaphakathi', kodwa kunye nemihla apho kwindawo yokuqala ukhankanyiwe nyanga, ibekwe 'kwi', kwakunye nemihla njengesiqhelo, umzekelo, 'ngo-Oktobha 24'.
Ngo-Oktobha; ngoNovemba / October; ngoNovemba; ekwindla / ekwindla.

njengoko isifundo

Izithetha ntonye sebenza isihloko: Ukuphuma memory yaba ndawo ikhuselekileyo zonke ukugcina olu lwazi / Out of Memory yaba ndawo ikhuselekileyo ukugcina ulwazi.

Njengoko Isivisa ngumphelelisi wesiqhelo

Isivisa labalandeli ngegama, apho inxalenye nominal ye uphawu sicacisiwe okanye imeko, ezinye izichazi kuza emva kwesenzi-iinyanda zingasetyenziswa njenge ibhaxa, ngaphandle kuyo, yaye ezinye azisetyenziswa ngokuzimeleyo.

• Yayisoyika / woyika.
• Yayisoyika iintshaba zakhe / Wayesoyika iintshaba zakhe.

1. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba ungafuna namkhusane ezithile, ezifana: / uyazi, babeqhele ukuya, sebenzisa /.

• UJeremy wasebenzisa ukuba sihlale endlwini yabarhwebi / uJeremy wahlala endlwini zomrhwebi.
• Yena ibeke ubushushu / Asinto siqheliswe ngakumbi ukuba ubushushu.

2. Ezinye izichazi unokuba wedwa okanye ephelekwa pretexts ezahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo ulwazi ibonisa. Umzekelo, / ngenkohlakalo, nobubele, abangenabubele / babophe isifundo bukathixo, yaye isifundo siyavakala, wasebenzisa 'ka':

• Yaba krwada kuye ukushiya ngequbuliso / Oko wayengawafuni ngaye ku - umhlala ngesiquphe.

Ukujoyina isifundo zabucala zincedisana, wabeka 'ukuya':

• Yena wayengawafuni kuye kungekho sizathu / Yena wayengawafuni kuye kungekho sizathu.

Kwakhona eyedwa okanye benze 'malunga' ukuchaza into, okanye 'kunye', ukuchaza umlinganiswa, ukusetyenziswa: / nomsindo, nomsindo, ukonwaba /.

• Wayeneminyaka nicaphukile malunga isiphumo / Wayeneminyaka nicaphukile ngenxa yoko.
• Ngaba kuyithanda loo mfo stinky? / Ngaba wonwabile nale guy nekudyshnaya?

3. Ezinye izichazi zinokusetyenziswa wedwa okanye ezinye pretexts ezithile.

• Umzekelo, 'ka', ku:

1) Chaza isizathu iimvakalelo izichazi / uyohlwaywa, nokusola abanye, unkwantye /;

-? Asinguye na isuntswana ibitheni ngaye / Asikoku ibitheni kancinci?
- Kuye Ndandisoyikela kwakhe / It umoyika naye.

2) Igama lomlinganiswa, nto leyo umgangatho ikhona (ezifana umzekelo / ubuqili, nembeko, isiyatha /).

- Oko wayekrelekrele kuni / Clever ngawe!
- Ndajika phantsi umsebenzi, nto leyo ke ndisisityhakala ngam / Ndala ukusebenza, oko ke ndisisityhakala ngam.

• C 'ukuya', ukuba ithi iqondo ukufana (close, ezinxulumene, efanayo), umtshato (utshatile, umshado), ukunyaniseka (abazahluleleyo, esingelwe phantsi, abanyanisekileyo), uluhlu (junior, senior) ngokunxulumene nantoni na:

- Ingxaki yam ziyafana kakhulu nokwakho / iingxaki zam ziyafana kakhulu nezakho.
- Yena kwanikezelwa umsebenzi wakhe / He nikela emsebenzini wakhe.

• Ngomhla benze 'kunye' iziphawuli ezifana / kuhamba, wavuya, yanelisekile /, ngokunjalo ukuxelela ngesizathu ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo:

- Banikela kuye krwaqu ezukileyo yena wanelisekile isiphumo / umgibisele ngempahla look yokuwina, yena wanelisekile isiphumo.
- wanelisekile naye / wanelisekile kunye naye.

• Kunye 'kwi', ibhekisela indlela enamandla into (umbilini, ndimangalisiwe, bamangaliswa) okanye ezinokwenzeka (embi, elungileyo, engento):

- Wayekade bamangaliswe kule ngongoma / Bamzisa ima msindo le meko.
- Wayengenguye embi kwi ukudanisa / Wayengenguye embi ekungqungqeni.

• Ngomhla benze 'ukuze' ukuba uthini malunga nomlinganiswa okanye into apho iimpawu anikiweyo (common, kulula, engaqhelekanga):

- Yinto eqhelekileyo kubo / Oku eqhelekileyo kubo.
- Owu, akukho nto kulula kum / Owu, ngokuba mna akukho nto lula.

• Inxalenye encinane izichazi eziphelange 'ed', ezisetyenziselwa kuphela emva izenzi ezifana, nemisipha njenge 'kuba', 'kuba' okanye 'izizwe', abafana ngazo izenzi Isixando, yaye ngokufuthi zilandelwa yi-ntonye:

- The Brasilians bayeneliseka isiphumo / Brazil bayavuya kunye neziphumo.

Njengoko sokwandiswa okanye njengesivisa elula ngomlomo

1. Ukusetyenziswa kwezalathandawo kule khosi ulwimi IsiNgesi for izenzi ezininzi zisetyenziswa ngaphandle wokongeza i-ons ngqo. Ukuze athi:

• athetha into eyenzekayo, efanelekileyo 'nge',
• malunga ulwalathiso amanyathelo - 'kwi',
• ingcambu isizathu okanye injongo - 'ukuze',
• kokuzibandakanya ye - 'kwi',
• izinto kunye nolwazi - 'ka',
• ngento uthembele, - 'kwi',
• Ulwazi malunga ngumamkeli -'to ',
• ngokuba ngubani uyavuma / awuvumi, - 'ne'.

- Ndakhe ndeva malunga nezicwangciso intrusion / ndeva malunga nezicwangciso ukufaka.
- Jonga kum / Jonga kum.
- Babuza ukuba HEP / Bacela uncedo.
- A sheap baleka ukuya emnyango / Iigusha wabaleka waya emnyango.
- Ukuze cinga ngayo ... / Ukuba ucinga ...
- Kuxhomekeke kuye / Oku kuxhomekeke kuye.
- Cacisa kum / Ndixelele.
- I phikisana bani / zange aphikisane nabani na.

Kufuneka Makukhunjulwe ukuba nezinye izenzi, izalathandawo ezi ibhayisekili ibhanile, kunye abanye kulandelelana, ngokuxhomekeke intsingiselo kunye nemeko.

Njengesibizo ngumphelelisi

Ukusetyenziswa izalathandawo IsiNgesi yenza kokungena kunye nezibizo ukuba abhengeze ngokupheleleyo ngakumbi intsingiselo yawo. Amanye mazwi ukungafuni ukuya emva kwabo sisingxengxezo abanye angasoloko encamathisela nayiphi na ethile. Kwiimeko jikelele, Izithetha ntonye emva kwesibizo.

- amantombazana ezimbini veki baba ukuba fun edamini / amantombazana amabini abasele belwenzile fun veki kweli chibi.
- A wisper emva kwakhe wenza yena / sisebeze emva kwakhe wenza ongakubuyisayo ngeenxa zonke.

'Of' eqhelekileyo yokudlulisela iindidi ezahlukeneyo zengcaciso emva kwesibizo lisetyenziswa ingakumbi ukuba athi:

• into okanye apho yabhalwa;

- ... udonga udonga lwamatye / ngamatye.
- A heeling ukwesaba kwakunyuka kuye / ukuphakuzela Sense akhule kuyo.

• esingunobangela encokweni, okubhaliweyo, okanye imifanekiso;

- kwakukho umfanekiso wengonyama kwi phephancwadi / The Journal ingonyama.

• obunini lomlinganiswa okanye into okanye iqhina;

- Waba unyana wendoda elungileyo / Waba unyana wendoda elungileyo.
- Girls wahlala phantsi kwisihlalo esingasemva imoto / amantombazana wayehleli kwisitulo sangasemva emotweni.

• ngeempawu ezendeleyo umlinganiswa okanye into.

- Wayeyintokazi of enegry kunye namabhongo / Wayesele umfazi ehlokomayo namabhongo.
- Baye bajamelana neengxaki ze compexity enkulu / Bafika ubuso ngobuso kunye neengxaki ngobunzima obukhulu.

Emva kwezibizo ezinxulumene nezenzo, 'ka' lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela isifundo okanye into izenzo.

- ... ukufika ukufika kwamapolisa / amapolisa.
- ... ukutshatyalaliswa isixeko sabo / razushenie nomzi wabo.

Ulandela lo lesibizo ukubonisa abantu abenza intshukumo ethile, ibinzana Izithetha ntonye eqala 'ka', iingxelo ezibandakanya amanyathelo okanye injongo yayo.

- abaxhasi indlala logwayimbo / abaxhasi yogwayimbo yindlala.
- ... umfundi lomfundi IsiNgesi / IsiNgesi.

Izandi ezininzi zendalo kunye ezimbini Ibinzana lesibizo ngaphezu ibinzana lesibizo Izithetha ntonye, kunye, umzekelo, 'abaphangi yibhanki / abaphangi yebhanki' kunokuba 'abaphangi abaphangi yebhanki / yebhanki ".

Emva amagama Ekumiseleni imilinganiselo, isimelabizo 'ka' uncedo ukwabelana iimpawu ezithile:

- ... lokubanda embizeni 108 degrees / lokubanda embizeni ngama 108.
- ... yinxalenye ye-30 ekhulwini / yinxalenye-30%.

Njengoko 'ka' ukuba zingasetyenziswa emva yesibizo ukuxelela yobudala umntu:

- Eyona kuyingozi enyeleni ezisibhozo / Eyona eyingozi kweminyaka esibhozo.

'Ekubeni' namkhusane olusetyenzisiweyo ukulicacisa ezithile abalasele inkalo, inxalenye, na isincedisi, ezendeleyo kwisifundo okanye isimilo:

- ... intombazana kunye ebomvu iinwele / intombazana kunye iinwele ezibomvu.
- ... le ndoda iphethe umpu / umntu ephethe umpu.

ukuma 'In' emva isimelabizo lesibizo ikuvumela intetho malunga ngubani wayenxibe ntoni / oko kukuthi:

- ... umntwana baluthuthu kwi needyasi / umntu ezingwevu-eneenwele raincoat.
- ... indoda isuti emnyama / umntu enxibe isuti emnyama.

Ezinye izibizo zisoloko zihamba izalathandawo ezithile. Umzekelo,

• 'Ukuze' ilandelwa yi la mazwi: impendulo, introdaction, reaction, buyela:

- Kwathi ukubuyela ePoland / Kwathi endleleni ukubuyela ePoland.

• 'Kuba' hlobo lulandelayo: sizathu, ukuhlonipha, incasa:

- imfuneko kwakhe ukutya khula ngokusisigxina phezulu / imfuneko yakhe ukutya wakhula ngokuqhubekayo.

• 'On' ukuba: isivumelwano, izimvo, isiphumo:

- Yena phisa nefuthe eyoyikekayo phezu kwam / Yena waba phezu kwam ifuthe ezinezothe.

• 'Ekubeni' okanye 'phakathi' of: uqhagamshelo, qhagamshelana, ikhonkco:

- Ikhonkco phakathi kwabo kwaba nzima gqitha ukubona / Communication waba uglyadet kunzima kangaka phakathi kwabo.

• 'In' ilandelwa yi la mazwi: ubunzima, bawe, ukwandisa:

- abazange zilungiswe ngayo neengxaki ngapha / Zange ezilungiselelwe nobunzima nganeno.

Njengoko ngumphelelisi isenzi

Ukusetyenziswa izalathandawo IsiNgesi njengenxalenye Izithetha ntonye yamkelekile, ukongeza, isivisa ngegama nje inxalenye ngama:

- Oku ebhegini / Oku ebhegini yakhe.
- Waye babusesichengeni / Waye sengozini.
- Yaba nxamnye nokuthanda kwakhe / Yaba nxamnye nokuthanda kwakhe.

Njengoko yamasuntswana isenzi Isixando

Izalathandawo zinganikezelwa njengoko yamasuntswana engenakususwa amabinzana isenzi nendibaniselwano ezine:

• Isenzi-yamasuntswana,
• isenzi-yamasuntswana-Ukongeza,
• isenzi-kugcwalisa-yamasuntswana
• isenzi-yamasuntswana-isalathandawo-ngumphelelisi
• isenzi-womyeni-yamasuntswana-ntonye binzana.

- Storm yahlukana phakathi kobusuku / isiphango wesifo phakathi kobusuku.
- ukholo lwakhe akhule kwiinkolelo eziphosakeleyo / ukholo lwakhe lukhula kwiinkolelo zobuxoki.
- 'Biza mna umva wathi Lucy / «Biza umva», - watsho Lucy.
- Babebaleka kukuphelisa konke ukutya kwethu / Babebaleka kukuphelisa konke ukutya kwethu.
- Musa ukuzama ukuthetha nabo kulo / Musa ukuzama abazange bayeke ukwenza njalo.

Njengoko ngumphelelisi isichazi

Nangona uphawu idla esiya kwesibizo, kwezinye iimeko, ukusetyenziswa izalathandawo IsiNgesi ivumela ukubeka emva isiphawulo, lo gama idla ihamba imeko, 'Icawa'-nethi okanye ngumnikelo lesibini - ibinzana Izithetha ntonye.

- Oku kusisilumkiso njani ngabantu abanomdla ukuze inzuzo ekhawulezayo / Esi silumkiso abantu anyolukele iinzuzo zexesha likaxakeka.

Emva bebabaza izichazi Izithetha ntonye enokusetyenziswa ukubonisa iqela le into iphume kuwo:

- Henry waye inkulu kubo / uHenry waye inkulu kubo.
- Mahobe cishe intle kwihlabathi / sies kufuneka ibe intle kwihlabathi.
- Nguye lo mntu kakhulu yingozi kweli lizwe / Waba ngumntu kakhulu yingozi kweli lizwe.

Njengoko umanyano kwizivakalisi ezimbaxa

Ezinye izalathandawo akheke efanayo nemibutho yabasebenzi, isetyenziselwa sokudityaniswa linikeza zasesekondari, umzekelo, / 'ekubeni', 'de', 'de', 'emva', 'phambi' /.

- Ndakhe sele ndifuna ithuba elitsha ukususela ndandisazi ukuba / mna bekhangela amathuba amatsha ukususela wafunda ngayo.