Ukuqubha njengomdlalo. Imbali kunye nophuhliso yokudada njengomdlalo

Namhlanje, xa iintlobo ngentlobo zobungcaphephe iyaphuhliswa ngesantya ezingenakulinganiswa, ukujonga kukhuphiswano yokuqubha kwamanye amazwe - oku intsha. Amawaka okanye izigidi ababukeli amava iimbaleki. Kubonakala ukuba siqubha njengomdlalo wazalelwa kutshanje. Enyanisweni, oko. Kakade ke, abantu baye bafunda ukuba abhabhe kunye nokuhamba kuyo kangangethuba ixesha elide eyadlulayo, kodwa mdlalo Ndandiqubha kamva. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba Iluncedo eziphilayo. Indlela ebalaseleyo ukunciphisa umzimba isetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi kakhulu elula. Ngoku lo mdlalo zithanda. ukuqubha art Beautiful, ukhuphiswano entle freestyle angena kubethwa ngoyaba. Nini yaye phi lokuqubha njengomdlalo wazalelwa kwaye sele zithandwa kangaka? Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo nezimbo? Yintoni uphawu siqubha njengomdlalo? Konke oku uya kufunda kweli nqaku.

esizukulwaneni

Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba kumaxesha amandulo wazalwa yokuqubha. Njengoko umdlalo okanye yimfuneko - ayaziwa. imizobo eludongeni emiqolombeni kufunyaniswe ukuba, ezo yezizathu ukuya kwiminyaka 5000 BC. e. abantu bamandulo waphawula ukuba nezilwanyana ezininzi bayakwazi ukuya ngapha emanzini, wathabatha phezu wabaphayo. Njengoko unokuthekelela, indlela yokuqala yaba yindlela ukuqubha "njengenja". Kuye khona kangangethuba ixesha elide, yada ke lithathelwe indawo breaststroke. Kwaye waba isiseko zonke ezintsha ezilandelayo. Xa impucuko bamandulo baqalisa ukuba baqubha ethandwa kakhulu. I-reference yokuqala ebhaliweyo busuka emva 2000 BC. e. Kwakhona kwaziwa ukuba eRoma yamandulo, ukuqubha yaba sisiseko lokuqeqesha leembaleki, kuquka abo bathatha inxaxheba kweMidlalo YeOlimpiki ngokubaluleka. Kodwa imbali losuka njengomdlalo lisukela emva Ekuveleni XV-XVI eminyaka. Kwaba ngoko awathi zaye zabanjwa ukhuphiswano yokuqala.

Ngoko ke, kukho kuqubha ixesha elide. Nkqu abantu bamandulo ukuze ukuhamba emanzini. Enyusa, izimbo ezintsha ivela, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe yaba umdlalo. Asinto engaqhelekanga, imbali asuke njengomdlalo kufana isebenza. Ithi isetyenziswe imfuneko yokuqala, yaye kuphela emva kokuba ixesha elininzi ukubaleka yaba mdlalo. Ukuqubha kuba namhlanje yenye iiklasi abaziwayo nezaziwayo. Abantu abaninzi basebenzisa njengento umthambo ukunciphisa umzimba kunye nokuphuculwa zempilo.

History of izimbo

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ekuqaleni, xa ukuzalwa kwenzeka lokudada, sase isimbo enye kuphela - "inja." Kodwa ngoko kwafika breaststroke kuyo ukuba zizakhele iindlela ezintsha. Icala style ngentsimbi elandelayo. Nemilenze ukubhukuda yayifana isikere. Ke abantu baqala ukuqubha overarm, leyo kuvunyelwa ukuba kuphuhliswe elikhulu, xa kuthelekiswa namanye isantya. Okulandelayo John Trejo ngo-1783 wenza indlela ebizwa ngegama lakhe. Ngoko kukho ukhuphiswano zaye ezithandwa kakhulu, yaye indlela entsha ukuba ukuseka iirekhodi kwihlabathi abaninzi, kuquka umdali wayo. Emva koko, ekugqibeleni, kwakukho lonwabu. Ukuba England 'bazisa "Richard Cavill evela Australia. Kungekudala, indlela yathatyathwa kakhulu, yintoni na unanamhla. Namhlanje a lot of ukuthandwa kanye oko.

kwazozonke

Kroll - a zinintsi kuqubha kwi esiswini sakhe. Xa usebenzisa iindawo asekhohlo nasekunene omzimba bafudukela yanjalo. Izandla yenza nesimbo ecaleni esqwini ngexesha, ngoxa imilenze bayavuka kwaye kwehlisa. Nzima xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokusebenza. Ubuso izaneka kufuneka emanzini aze avuke ngaphaya kuphela ukuphumeza umoya. Kroll ithathwa ukuba iintlobo kakhulu ukuqubha. Kukhuphiswano apho ingqikelelo "freestyle" apho abadlali banelungelo lokuba bahambe ngendlela abayifunayo, kodwa lukhethe ukukhasa.

Ngenxa yokuba intloko uvikivwa emanzini, izandla zakhe angenza omzimba ezinkulu, kwaye kakuhle boniswa kwisantya. Xa uthelekisa ne-gaqa phambi kuqubha emqolo, ngowokuqala ngokukhawuleza nje njalo. Xa kuthelekiswa butterfly yamva kwakhona uphelelwa ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi ikakhulu izandla umzimba swi nga pfuna. ukukhawulezisa Uniform kunokwenzeka kuphela Crawley, inceda iimbaleki ukuba bahambe imigama emide ngesantya singapheli ngexesha elifanayo.

anika umdla

Kubonakala ukuba tsheni kuye kwavela ixesha elide. Ekuqaleni, oko zazisebenzisa amaNdiya. NaseYurophu wadibana naye ngowe-1844, xa baseMerika woyisa ezinekhono British. Ngayo kodwa Iimbaleki abanekratshi zange afune ukusebenzisa indlela entsha, ngenxa yokuba ingqalelo kuyo "okungenaluzsini" ngenxa isixa esikhulu zokutshiza. Imbali isenzeko yokudada njengomdlalo, ingakumbi, iintlobo, yaye sasikhe engaqhelekanga ezinjalo.

Emva kokuba umvundla Australian wabonakala American, ngenxa kokunciphisa. Yeyona namhlanje yakutshanje yi "freestyle". Indawo ngo Crawley - "kwi ingqalelo", neendadi ijikwa ubuso phantsi, imilenze ayinakolulwa, iingalo wazolula phezulu.

breaststroke

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, kwaba Brass yaqala utshintsho ukusuka isimbo "inja-like" kunye isiseko nesisebenzayo bonke abanye. Ukuqubha njengomdlalo ayikwazanga ayisekho ngaphandle kwayo. Zivela imbonakalo ixesha elide, abantu umfanekiso wokuqala usebenzisa isimbo efanayo nobhedu, kwafunyaniswa kwi umYiputa "emqolombeni baziindadi". Painting inxulumene nama-9000 BC. e. Kwakhona owaziwayo ubonisa amajoni-Asiriya, usebenzisa le ndlela, kodwa umfanekiso wadalwa kwisithuba seminyaka 1292-1225. BC. e. Dane Nicolas Vinman ngo-1538 enye breaststroke wokuqala ochazwe kwincwadi yakhe. Famous "frog ezipalini" imilenze baqalisa ukuba kusetyenziswa kuphela kwinkulungwane XIX.

Kukhuphiswano ezahlukeneyo isimbo breaststroke ngokufuthi enobungangamsha yaba iimbaleki Russian kunye Soviet. Le midlalo-Olimpiki isimbo zaye zabandakanywa kuphela ngo-1904, emva koko wathatha ezidada m 402., Amadoda kuphela inxaxheba. Emva koko ukudada asimdlalo Olimpiki ekuqaleni yophuhliso lwayo. Sele imidlalo umgama olandelayo wanciphiswa m-200. Ukuze kukhuphiswano yabasetyhini zaye zabanjwa ukususela 1924 e umgama elifanayo. Kwaye ngo-1968, iimbaleki kufuneka bakhuphisane iimitha ezili-100.

butterfly

Butterfly - into kuqubha esiswini sakhe, elinye ngeendlela ezininzi ezinzima. Edinayo nezintsonkothileyo. Igama livela kwigama "ibhabhathane". Eneneni, ezinye ukufana zingafunyanwa, ikakhulu ngenxa ingalo stroke isici. Mu kuya kwa nshita umvundla, isandla kwenza imivumbo ngaxeshanye, ukukhulisa umzimba ngaphezu kwamanzi. Ngelo xesha nye kuthatha beka umoya. Namanqina isinqe ukuhamba ngamaza, enika unikezelo. Nangona ukusebenza - enye anzima kakhulu, kodwa Butterfly nguye isantya tshe yesibini. Umehluko Its ukusuka umvundla - kukuba kukukhawuleziswa kuyo ezimagqagala ngenxa nangangalo stroke elibukhali.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ibhabhathane - breaststroke ngcono. Ekuqaleni, lo neendadi baye baqaphela ukuba kwisantya enkulu iyavakala ukuba baphakamise izandla zabo phezu kwamanzi. umzimba kunye nentshukumo iinyawo kamva indawo lethuba ngakumbi nezendalo.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ubuchule kwi ibhabhathane yi entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye ufuna umsebenzi olungileyo. Oku yaye boyika ngabantu abaqala ezininzi. Funda kukudibanisa intshukumo izandla neenyawo, kwakunye Ukuphefumla ngakumbi njengoko uwukhuphe - kunzima kakhulu, abaninzi kangaka ukuya lonwabu. Ngoxa ezininzi kwezinye iindlela ebalulekileyo Nngokobuchwepheshe uphumezo oluchanekileyo, ibhabhathane, ukongeza, amandla olubalulekile.

Ingaba umzimba undulation nzima langoku (ukuba ukuthatha kuphela ingqalelo iindlela ezaziwayo) butterfly kuphela. Ngenxa ukuqubha lo mdlalo kubantwana - azikhethekanga kakuhle.

Izixhobo nemigangatho

Ukuqubha nayiphi style of ngubo iyafana: umnqwazi, izibuko, zokudada zemithi okanye swimsuit edidekile (ngokuba amadoda kwanabafazi, ngokulandelelana), nazo zisetyenziswa wetsuits. Baqala ke ukuba avele 2000. kwaye zohlulwa ngokwendidi: ukusuka entanyeni ukuya kwamaqatha, ukusuka entanyeni emadolweni, gidroshtany, ibhulukhwe ukuze lokuqubha. Ngo-2010 i-FINA (FINA) iye yavalwa ezenziwe. Ngoko ke ngoku isetyenziswa kuphela namalaphu.

Ukuqubha njengomdlalo namhlanje yenziwa kumadama imitha-25 50 okanye. ukhuphiswano abaninzi zibanjwa edada breaststroke kunye khasa. Umzekelo, kwi Olympics zehlobo, i-World Championships, Universiade, iNdebe yeHlabathi. Last kubanjwa ngonyaka.

imithetho:

• khasa (aka freestyle): 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m, 1500 m;
• Butterfly: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m;
• Brass: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m;
• ngasemva: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m.

Yintoni ukukhetha

Abo abaqala nje ukuba idade; ngokuyimfuneko ngobungcali, exabisa lonwabu itrayi. Kodwa abantu abakwazi ukuhlala phezu kwamanzi, kufuneka uqale indlela "yenja." Yaba nguye lowo, ukuba ukhangela, kwaye oxhasa bonke abanye. Ngoko, ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka uye kwi gaqa ngaphambili okanye breaststroke, apho kwaye uyeke.

Pool okanye ulwandle izimvo

Ukuba, akakwazi ukuba impendulo engagungqiyo ukhetho phakathi kolwandle echibini. Kodwa ke kuqala khetho alukho kwinkoliso baseRashiya, okanye kunokwenzeka kuphela ehlotyeni.

Ukuba unqwenela ukuqubha uqeqesho kubalulekile ukuba umqeqeshi kakhulu kwindawo yokuqubha. Apho ukuqeqesha unyaka wonke yaye kulula ukufunda ukuqhuba nokuhambahamba amanzi emhlabeni ngayo. Noko ke, iiklasi engahlawulwayo, ungakhetha kunye namaqumrhu ezivulekileyo amanzi. Ngoko, kwi njengamaza olwandle kunye nomoya kwakha imiqobo zendalo, kwaye amanzi kuzisa iingenelo zempilo. Ukuba echibini kufuneka uhlawule itikiti, amadama olukhamisileyo kuwonke-wonke. Wonke umntu ukhetha kangangoko kunokwenzeka kunye ozikhethayo. Noko ke, kukho ichibi esidalwe ngumntu sikhuselekile, kwiimeko ezininzi, apho bafundiswa nabancedi. Yaye amanzi evulekileyo kungenzeka ukuba ukumelana lwangoku, warhaxwa. An uhlobo kuku ukudibanisa.

Nantso into imbali umdla enjalo zemidlalo. Ukuqubha kuba ethandwa kakhulu, kodwa kukho nezinye iinkalo, ukuya kuyo efanelekileyo. Okulandelayo iya kuxoxwa ezimbini ithandwayo.

netrayethloni

Enyusa, ukukhwela ibhayisikile, ukubaleka njengokuba netrayethloni yemidlalo ebizwa. Igama uthetha ukuba ngokwayo. Imidlalo wabonakala akunjalo kungekudala kwixesha elidlulileyo, waqalisa ukuhamba kwiminyaka 1920-1930., Xa France kubanjwe kwiwotshi of netrayethloni yanamhlanje La Ikhosi des Debrouillards. Ngoxa ukubaleka a km-3 ibhayisekile - 12, kwaye diving lwaqhutywa kulo lonke channel Marne. Ngelishwa, ngokukhankanywa netrayethloni wayengekho ukususela yokuqala ngo-1930 de-1974, xa eUnited States iqela nabahlobo-leembaleki okanye zavela zaza nayiphi club abamanyeneyo apho bonke uqeqesho kunye. Zazimele ezemidlalo eziliqela, ezizezi nokubaleka, ngesithuthuthu kunye nokuqubha. Kwakhona Abahlobo bahlela ukhuphiswano. Ngoko ke, ukuba impikiswano yokuqala yaqhutywa September 25, 1974, apho inxaxheba iimbaleki 46. Ekuqaleni uhlanga ibhayisekile zabanjwa 180,2 km run - 42.2 km; yokuqubha - 3,86 km.

Abathathi-nxaxheba baye kudala baphikisana ngokuba yintoni mdlalo kufuna unyamezelo eliphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, eli nqaku kwafunyaniswa ukuba kwathiwa apho ukuba umkhweli webhayisikile Eddi Merks waba ireyithi ephezulu mpilo. Kwaye lo mdlalo yanakanwa kufuna unyamezelo eliphezulu. Netrayethloni yaphinda yathandwa kangangokuba abaninzi ukucinga nzulu malunga uquko kule program Olimpiki. Tshatisa ngokubanzi yavavanywa phantsi umgangatho: 1.5 km / 40 km / 10 km. Umgangatho ophuhliswe ngumlawuli we racing netrayethloni UJim yibhola kwi 80s phakathi.

swimming ukuvumelanisa

Mhlawumbi, ukuqubha ngaxesha njengomdlalo ngomnye iikhosi ezininzi ezintle. amabhinqa Kuphela ngokuqhelekileyo inxaxheba, kodwa kujoyina amadoda. Okubalulekileyo kwi swimming lenkqubela - ukusebenza iqela ecacileyo, ukuntywila yokudibanisa itsiba-tsiba. Umthwalo emzimbeni yeyabahlali. Kuyimfuneko ukuba baqhube isixa esikhulu ixesha uqeqesho ukuze kuphunyezwe iziphumo ezilungileyo. Iimbaleki Russian ziinkokheli kulo mdlalo, ukuzilungisa esilingana nayo yonke ziintshaba.

Nakuba kunjalo, ukongeza nobunzima izinga lobuchwepheshe kunye emzimbeni, kukho ezikhethekileyo; kakhulu nzima ukuphefumla ngexesha yokusebenza. Constants, kwaye kaninzi, yaye abaninzi ifuna submersion umoya ubambe isixa esikhulu ixesha. Ukuze ukukhusela imiphunga, iimbaleki babeka phezu yamasango impumlo okhethekileyo.

Kodwa uvela phi ngaxesha lokuqubha njengomdlalo?

indaba

Njengoko usazi, kakhulu ingqeqesho wadalwa eGrisi. Kunye ukuqubha ukuvumelanisa luphumba apho, lo gama iqela amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana isangqa dances phezu kwamanzi. Kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX. ukuba ekuqaleni ezokudada ilungelelaniswe. Emva koko eNgilani abenorhatyazo iqela neendadi, amadoda wenza iintlobo zeemilo emanzini. Ukhuphiswano lokuqala ihlelwa-1891 e-Berlin. Ke swimming art, njengoko yayibizwa njalo ngoko, baqalisa lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso. Kwaye ngo-1952, bathi imiboniso e kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki, emva koko zemidlalo ogama ukuqubha namazwi. Kwakuloo nyaka mnye, le ikomiti efanelekileyo yasekwa kule yokugqibela. Ukhuphiswano lokuqala amazwe kwenzeka ngo-1958. Xa inkqubo swimming Olympic Games ngaxesha ziquka kuphela ngo-1984.

A ngomkhombe engathethekiyo njengomdlalo. Imbali kunye nophuhliso babuyele kumaxesha amandulo. Namhlanje, diving zithanda phakathi kwabemi belizwe. Wonke Ungafumana into oyithandayo ngakumbi, ukusukela iintlobo ezinkulu ezininzi. ukuqubha ukuvumelanisa yeyona amahle kakhulu netrayethloni zizityebi iindidi lwamacandelo, kwaye ukhuphiswano ngokwesiqhelo kuhlala classic. Abantu abaninzi benza ukudada engahlawulwayo, abazali ukuthumela abantwana babo iiklabhu. Imbali yokudada njengomdlalo liqhubeka uphuhliso yayo esebenzayo namhlanje.