Ukungafani kwezifo: iimpawu, unyango

Ubomi bomntu buzele iziganeko, ngamanye amaxesha awunakulungele ngokupheleleyo, kwaye buhlungu. Abanye bazithabathele, abanye bakuthola kunzima ukujamelana nokubethelwa kwexesha elizayo. Emva koko oogqirha bakhuluma ngeengxaki zokuzilungelelanisa.

Iyintoni le ngxaki?

Ingxaki yengqondo ehambelana nokuphendulwa ngokugqithiseleyo komntu kwiintsilelo ezimbi ezenzeka ebomini kuthiwa yi-disorder disorder. Esi sisifo esizimeleyo esona sibizo sezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo. Kubonakala kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya ezintandathu kwixesha elivela kwimeko yokuxinzelela. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuphulwa kuhamba ngokwakho emva kokuphela kwempembelelo kumntu weemeko ezimbi. Okungaqhelekanga yintlupheko yokuguqula ingxaki, efuna isimo sengqondo esinyamekileyo, kuba kuyingozi kwiinkathazo kunye nokunyuka kweemeko zengqondo.

Iimpawu zeengxaki

Yintoni ukubonakaliswa kwengxaki yokuhlengahlengiswa? Iimpawu zesifo zilandelayo:

• Ukuxhalabisa. Ivela ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa yeziganeko ezimbi. Kubonakaliswa ngumbono wokudakumba, ukungakwazi ukugxila emsebenzini okanye kufundisisa, ukukhutshwa kweengcinga, imisebenzi yansuku zonke kuba nzima ukufezekisa.
• Ndiziva ndixhalabile. Emva kokuva uxinzelelo okanye intlungwini enzima, umntu uyaxhala, esaba ukuphindaphinda imeko exinezelekileyo, ukungaqiniseki ngekamva. Ukuqulunqa ukuzithoba kunye nokuzithemba.
• Ukulungelelaniswa kweengxaki kubonakaliswe zizifo eziphathekayo, ezinjengokuthi: intloko yesifo, ukusilala, ukuhlunguzeka kwesifuba, ukunyanzelisa umoya, ukuphefumula okufutshane, i-tachycardia, isisonguluko, ukutshintsha kwinqweno kumlinganiselo omkhulu okanye ngaphantsi.
• Ukuphambana nokuziphatha. Kukho izenzo ezingonelanelekanga ezingamkelekanga kumntu ngaphambili: ukuchithwa kwezinto, ukungcola, ukushayela iingozi okanye ukuqhubela isithuthuthu, ukungabikho emsebenzini wokufunda okanye umsebenzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuziphatha okunjalo kubundlobongela kubantu abaselula abakwisimo sengxaki yokuguquguquka, kodwa abantu abadala abafani. Ingxaki yokuguqulwa kwentlalo yinto ebonakalayo yingozi kakhulu, njengoko ingangobungozi kuphela intsebenziswano noluntu, kodwa iqhube nemiphumo emibi, ukuya kwi-crime responsibility okanye ingozi.
• Umnqweno wedwa. Umntu uzama ukunciphisa inani loqhagamshelwano kunye nendalo, uvale ngokwakhe.
• Ukwenyuka kwengqondo.

Isifo esisibizo sisifo sengxaki. Iimpawu ziza kubuthana, kwaye kwezinye iimeko izifo zibonakalisa enye impawu okanye ezimbini.

Diagnostics

Ukuxilongwa "kokulungiswa kwengxaki" kusekelwe kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokumelana nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo:

• Ubukho beempawu ezihambelana nesi sifo. Ukuba i-adaptation isiphumelele, ibonakala phantsi kwefuthe lokuxinezeleka, ngokukhawuleza okanye malunga neenyanga ezintathu emva komcimbi.
• Amava entlungu ahamba kunye neemvakalelo ezinamandla, ukungabandezeleka. Ukungathembeki kwimeko kuxakile, impendulo kwisiganeko ayinelanga kwaye idla ixesha.
• Ukungenakwenzeka komsebenzi wezobugcisa okanye wemfundo ngenxa yengqondo engafanelekanga kwengqondo.

Izizathu

Ingxaki yokuguqula ingakhokelela kwiziganeko ezininzi, amava abo. Nazi ezinye izinto eziphambili:

• Ukufa komntu othandekayo.
• Uqhawulo.
• Ukulahleka kwezinto.
• Iingxaki emsebenzini, ukuxothwa.
• Ingxaki zentsapho, iingxabano zomntu.
• Iingxaki zempilo, ukugula okukhulu.
• Ezinye iinguqu ezintle kwiindlela zobomi zobomi.

Izizathu ezinikeziweyo zingakhokelela ekudakaleni kokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza. Iimvakalelo ezingalunganga ixesha elide zichaphazela impilo yengqondo, ekugqibeleni iholele ekuphuleni, ngaphambi kokuba le nto ithathe inyanga eziliqela emva komcimbi.

Imiba yengozi

Abanye abantu banelungelo lokuphazamiseka kokulungelelaniswa kunabanye. Sisiphi isizathu salokhu? Nika iimeko kunye neemeko apho abantu bakubona kunzima ukujamelana noxinzelelo:

• I-Genetic predisposition. Abantu baphenduka ngokungafaniyo kwiimeko zobomi ngokuxhomekeke kubuhedeni kunye nohlobo lwesimo sengqondo.
• Izimo zokuphila ezinzima, ezendalo okanye ezentlalo.
• Iimeko ezinzima (imfazwe, iintlekele zemvelo).
• Imeko yeNtlalo.
• Ingozi yengqondo efunyenwe ebuntwaneni.
• Izimpawu zomntu, ukukwazi ukuzivumelanisa neenguqu ebomini.

Kukho iimeko xa kungekho zintlekele ebomini, akukho mntu uyafa kwaye akagula, kodwa umntu uhlala ehlengahlengiso. Oku kwenzeka phantsi kwefuthe leenguqu ezibalulekileyo, ukuphulwa kwimihla ngemihla, njengobhaliso, ukudubula, abantwana-ukungena kwintsimi kunye nesikolo.

Ubunzima bokuzivumelanisa nomkhosi

Ngomnye emkhosini, abaninzi abantu abaphelelanga ngokwengqondo ngokuphila ngokunyamezela. Ukude kude nekhaya, ukungakwazi ukubona abantu abasondeleyo, indawo entsha, iqela lamadoda, izimo ezinzima zokuphila kunye nokugqithisa ngokomzimba, ulawulo oluqinileyo - utshintsho olubukhali olunjalo luvusa imizwa engathandekiyo kuyo yonke into ebhalwe ngayo, kodwa ezinye zixhomekeke kwiingxaki zengqondo. Ngenxa yoko, kukho iziganeko emkhosini - abafana babalekela, badubula abantu, bazama ukuzibulala.

Ingxaki yokuzilungelelanisa phakathi kwamajoni yinto eyingozi. Vala abantu bakude, kwaye abantu bahlala befumana uncedo. Ingxaki yokulungiswa kwemikhosi emkhosini sisihlandlo sokudibana. Into ephambili kukuba kuphawulwe ngexesha, kungabikho kwiingxaki. Emva koko, ngokuqhelekileyo umntu kuloo meko ugcina amava akhe ngaphakathi kwakhe kude kube lula ukungena kwexesha xa eqala ukuziphatheka ngokungathandekiyo.

Ngasebenzi

Ukulahlekelwa komsebenzi ngenxa yokunciphisa abasebenzi okanye ezinye izizathu ezingaphaya kokulawulwa komqeshwa kusoloko uxinzelelo olunokubangela ukuba iimeko zengxaki zengqondo zenzeke ngokukhawuleza. Ukuhlala ixesha kwiimeko ezingasebenziyo kubangela ukuba ulungelelaniso lwengxaki ngenxa yeengxaki eziqhubekayo kunye neemvakalelo ezingekho phantsi. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kubangela umgangatho wokuba ulungelelaniso lweengxaki ngenxa yeengxaki zesikhonzi:

• Iingxaki zezimali eziqhubekayo.
• Ukuvakalelwa kokungabi namsebenzi kunye nokungakwazi ukutshintsha.
• Kwiintsapho zabangasebenzi, iimpikiswano zihlala zihlala, ingozi yokuqhawula umtshato iyanda, kunokwenzeka ukuhlukumeza abantwana kunye nemfundo engafanelekanga.
• Ngokweemeko zokungabikho kwemisebenzi, izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho landa, ngakumbi kubantu abatsha abazama ukufumana indlela yokufumana imali ngeendlela ezingekho mthethweni.
• Iingxaki zezindlu.
• Ingxaki yokufundisa abantwana.

Ukuphazamiseka kokulungelelaniswa kwabangasebenziyo kubonakala kuninzi kubuthathaka ngokwemigangatho yengqesho yoluntu. Laba ngabantu bempesheni kunye nobudala bokuqala umhlalaphantsi, omama abancinci abanezingane ezincinci, abantu abangenazo iimfundo. Ubangela ukudandatheka, ukudandatheka, ukuzithemba, ukuqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo kwezi meko kubangela ukugula kwengqondo, ukutywala utywala, ukutshaya iziyobisi, ukuthunyelwa kwezenzo ezikhuselayo, ukuzibulala.

Abantwana beminyaka yobudala bokufunda

Ulungelelaniso loluntu - ukulungelelaniswa kwimeko yokusingqongileyo, ukusebenzisana okwaneleyo noluntu. Ukuphazamiseka kokulungiswa kwentlalo yabantwana kubonakala xa beqala ukuya ensimini okanye kwisikolo. Ekuqaleni, umntwana uqhutyelwa kuphela yimfuno kunye neminqweno yakhe. Akakwazi ukuzibangela ukuba enze nayiphi na imisebenzi ngokuzimeleyo, ngenxa yoko udinga uncedo lwabantu abadala. Ukuze abe noluntu olulungelelanisiweyo, kufuneka afunde ukusebenzisana nabantu abakujikelezile, ukuba acinge ngeminqweno yabanye, ukulungelelanisa imeko engqongileyo engakwazi ukuyitshintsha.

Ukuba ngaba abazali banikela umntwana ngolwazi kwangaphambili malunga nemithetho nemida yokuziphatha kwabo kuluntu, kulula ukuba ahambisane nezimo ezintsha kunye nesangqa esikhulu soqhagamshelwano kamva, ekubeni uzisa ulwazi ebomini. Okokuqala, abantwana bafunda ukusebenzisana nehlabathi elibangqongileyo kubo. Abazali abanqwenela ukunikela abantwana babo kwintsimi benza iphutha elikhulu. Esikolweni, lo mntwana uya kuba nzima kakhulu.

Abantwana beminyaka yobudala bezikolo

Ukuhlupheka okanye ukulungiselela ngokwaneleyo umntwana omncinci wobomi kuluntu kubangela ukuphazanyiswa ukulungelelaniswa. Oku kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwakhe kwezemfundo kungekuphela kokwamkelwa kwibanga lokuqala, kodwa unokuphinda ubeke umxholo wokuphila kwakhe. Ukuphambana nokuxhatshazwa kubonakaliswa ngokuziphatha okubi, ukungathobeli, ukugatywa kwemigaqo yokuziphatha evumelekileyo ngokubanzi kwiminqweno yakho. Okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, umntwana uvale ngokwakhe, akaxubushelane noontanga, akanalo umdla ebomini, unqwenela ukuba yedwa.

Imiba yengozi ekhulisa amathuba okuba kubekho ukulungiswa kwengxaki yabantwana:

• Kwintsapho apho umntwana ekhula khona, utywala buxhatshazwa.
• Abazali baxabana.
• Akukho sikhuthazo sokufunda kumntwana.
• Umntwana, ukukhuliswa kwakhe kunikwe ixesha elincinane kwintsapho.
• Lala emva kwentuthuko.
• Isicelo kumntwana wesigwebo somzimba.
• Izantsi zenkcubeko nezentlalo yoluntu.

Ukuba kukho izinto ezinjalo, umntwana wezingane ochaphazela ukulungelelanisa kwakhe kufuneka athathe amanyathelo okunceda kwiimeko ezinzima.

Ubudala abanzima

Ingxaki yokuguquguquka ingenzeka ngexesha lobudala, kubafundi besikolo esiphakamileyo. Isizathu salo ngokuqhelekileyo sifunda iingxaki okanye iingxabano zabanye noontanga. Le meko iyancipha ngokutshintshwa kwexesha elide emzimbeni nakwi-psyche, eyona nto iselula inzima ukunyamezela. Apha sele sele kukho iingxaki zabantu abadala, ezifana nobudlelwane besini esahlukileyo, uthando lokuqala, kungekhona rhoqo. Ukulungelelaniswa kwabantu abadala kumngcipheko kunobungozi, njengoko kubonakaliswa ngokuziphatha kogonyamelo, ukugatywa kwemimiselo eyamkelekileyo. Abantwana beqa isikolo, bashiye indlu, bathathe inxaxheba kwezobuhlanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo le meko ibakhokelela ekusela utywala okanye iziyobisi.

Ingxaki yonyango

Ukuba iimpawu azifi ngaphezu kwexesha, kodwa zonyuka kuphela, unyango lwe-disorder lufuna nje ukulungelelaniswa ngokukhawuleza ukukhusela iziphumo ezibuhlungu. Kwezinye iimeko, ukutyelela kwiprogram kuyimilinganiselo ebalulekileyo, ngakumbi kwimeko yokugula ixesha elide okanye ukuzama ukuzibulala. Ngokubonakaliswa okunjalo, nokuba kusetyenziswe unyango lwezilwelwe zonyango lunokwenzeka. Umsebenzi weengcali unikezela umphumo omuhle, kwaye ngokunyanga okufanelekileyo isigulane sibuyela kwisiganeko emva kweenyanga ezi-2-3.

Iimveliso zonyango ziququzelela imeko yomntu, ukuba akukho zibonakaliso ezibonakalayo, ingozi kwimpilo kunye nempilo. Ugqirha unokumisela abagxininiso. Zibazise zona ngaphandle kokuba kuqeshwe ingcali enqatshelwe ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye kwikhemistri bakhululwa kuphela kwimigqaliselo, njengoko ezi zilungelelwaniso ezinzulu zokwenza. Ukusuka kwindlela yokuxhalabisa kunye noloyiko kuya kunceda ukulahla i-tranquilizers, umzekelo, "Afobazol." Ziyakuthintela iimpawu, zibuyisele ubungqina, ngaphandle kokubangela umlutha.

Uncedo nenkxaso yabantu abasondeleyo yingxenye ebalulekileyo yokuvuselela.

Iziphumo zesifo

Ingxaki yokuguqulwa komzimba ongenakwenziwa yingozi iyingozi ngenxa yemiphumo emibi. Ezi ziimeko ezidandathekayo ezingapheliyo, ezixakile kotywala okanye iziyobisi. Ubume bokusela utywala kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuzibulala kwesigulane. Iintsholongwane ziyakwazi ukufumana iingxaki ezinjalo ngenxa yengqondo engatshintshi kunye neempawu zenguqu ezinxulumene neminyaka. Ukuba i-disorder ibonakalisa njengomsebenzi wezobuhlanga, ukunganeliseki, kunokubangela iingxaki ezintsha: ukuxothwa emsebenzini, ukuxoshwa esikolweni, ukuxabana kwintsapho.