Salmon Fish. Iintlobo nesalmon kunye abayichaza

Salmonidae mkhaya kuphela iintlanzi suborder Salmoniformes. Akukho ayingomntu omnye ubuncinane kanye akazange azame izitya okanye nesalmon chuma, grayling kunye nesalmon. Kodwa intlanzi salmon uthathwa uju phakathi gourmets. Njengoko caviar odumileyo ebomvu baziswa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Kodwa asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba uluhlu abameli ababizwa ngazwi linye "salmon" kumba kakhulu.

Uluhlu abamele Salmoniformes

Le ntsapho libandakanya ezo abameli salmon ezinjengesalmon begusha neflakisi, trout kunye grayling, Isakare Sisco, whitefish kunye trout omdaka, chinook kunye coho, sockeye kunye chuma nesalmon kunye rainbow trout. Ingakumbi eyaziwa ngokuba baninzi nesalmon kunye trout, ekuthiwa iintlanzi lweentlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. La magama zifana ehlangeneyo.

iintlobo zeentlanzi Salmonid, uluhlu yayo thaca apha zinxulumene amanzi kunye anadromous, okt abahlala Ezilwandle nasemanzini, kodwa ujungujungu emilanjeni amanzi aphilileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha le ndlela yokuphila kubalulekile kubo nenzala yabo olungekazalwa.

Fish kule ntsapho eziphila elwandle - i-Pacific Atlantic, kwakunye kumanzi fresh of the ezinezinga oluphakathi kunye ezisemantla kunye amanzi somhlaba saseNtla. Ikwadala inkulu kuthathwa eKamchatka.

Phantse zonke iintlobo salmon bathandwe iintlanzi ukutya. Kunye nemveliso yazo yenziwa hayi nje kuphela ngenxa uju inyama emnandi kwaye ezixabisekileyo, kodwa kananjalo ngenxa caviar eninzi kakhulu, nto leyo nayo uju. Yiloo nto ezinye salmonids zizala namhlanje zisemngciphekweni yokutshabalala. Ezinye iintlobo bade ezidweliswe kwi "Incwadi Red" ukuze abakhusele.

Iisalmon yokuhlala - salmon ntlanzi zamntu owodwa belima. Kwakhona, amanye amafama yentlanzi yabola iintlobo trout.

Eyona engundoqo Ipharamitha abameli salmon

Ubude bomzimba abameli salmon zazisuka nemilinganiselo ezincinane kakhulu ngeesentimitha nje ezimbalwa ukuya kwiimitha ezimbini. Le incinane ke whitefish, kodwa salmon, trout kunye chinook salmon, njengoko inkulu ukufikelela eekhilogremu 70 ubunzima.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubomi ezi ntlanzi iminyaka engama-15. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kwakukho izinto ayevile okwenyaniso. Ngokomzekelo, yafunyanwa trout - intlanzi kweentlobo salmon eyayiphila kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 yaye ngexesha lungabanjwa ubunzima 105 eekhilogremu! Kwaye ubungakanani ixhoba wothusa wonke umntu: iimitha ezimbini ezinesiqingatha eliphezulu - ukuba ubude umzimba wayo!

Salmoniformes imbonakalo

Abameli Salmoniformes ahlelwe kufutshane kakhulu Clupeiformes. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ngokuba ixesha elide Ndakugqala nezalamane zabo ikufutshane le herring odumileyo. Kodwa kakhulu kutshanje, iinzululwazi bafunda iintlanzi, wabonisa ukuba kukho iqela elizimeleyo. Ngenxa kulo ukufunyanwa, baba kwiqela eyahlukileyo, ekuthiwa kakuhle - Salmoniformes.

Kulo mzimba woku intlanzi yokuxazulula zixinaniswe, side kunye isikali ngeenxa nesigqubuthelo. Olunye uhlobo, amaxolo kufuneka ikama buthelezi. Abaninzi salmon yohlulwe amabala ubukho emzimbeni, kubekho uhlobo nakrap. Eyona lisahlulayo kwakhona umgca osecaleni ebaleka apha emzimbeni.

neziselwandle Salmoniformes

Ezi amaphiko pectoral zonke iintlobo zesi lwentsapho reyi ezinameva. They are nizkosidyaschimi. Kodwa amaphiko ventral yi imitha ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu.

Kukho kwakhona inomnye umsebenzi umdla ezi ntlanzi. Oku, umzekelo, amaphiko amanakani, olwenzeka xa salmon ezimbini. Omnye wabo, a real, ngezininzi bokukhanya. Kwaye salmonids iqulathe imbewu-10 ukuya ku-16, yaye hariusovyh --17 ukuya kuma-24 Emva lo ngomnye fin bezluchevoy, leyo kuthiwa ngamanqatha. It ibekwe ngqo malunga eyinqaba ezimpundu kwaye phawu uphawu le ntsapho yeentlanzi.

isakhiwo Salmoniformes

Kukho nezinye umahluko phakathi kwamalungu alo intsapho bonke abanye. Umzekelo, nesalmon intlanzi ukudada isinyi, ehlanganisa kwijelo ekhethekileyo umphimbo. Yethumbu kufakwa waso zayo ezininzi pyloric. Mouth iintlanzi phezulu salmon ngesiduko erhangqwe ngambini kuzo amathambo ekuthiwa premaxillary kunye maxillary.

nangoko Into umdla iimazi ezahlukeneyo abangenalo oviducts oludala, apho ngexesha lokuvuthwa amaqanda isizalo iwela ngqo zibe lapho umzimba.

Fish salmon Ndamangaliswa kukuba oko phambi iinkophe ngaphaya. Kwakhona, Salmoniformes ezininzi de ukufa akuthethi ossified ngokupheleleyo elimele. Umzekelo, kakhulu yonke yaba lukakayi iqulathe amasebe intlala nakwicala hayi incremented izidumbu vertebral.

Ukuzingela ngaphandle kwemvume uyalibulala inzala salmon

Xa kwanda kakhulu iqapheleka, kunye nezinye iimpawu kule ntsapho yeentlanzi. Into yokuba le nkqubo lwenzeka kuphela ngamanzi ahlaziyekileyo. Ngoko ke, neentlanzi ngokwelizwe abahlala ezilwandle, apho amanzi anetyuwa, besasaza ukunyuka emantla emifuleni yamanzi. Lake Salmoniformes nabo babuyela kuloo ndawo wazalelwa apho ngokwabo.

Kukho kuninzi yeengcinga ukuba uchaze isizathu okanye kutheni iintlanzi kufuneka ukufumana emhlabeni amaqanda na indawo lokuzalwa kwakhe. Kodwa abangenamvume ke yentloko ayingeyali intloko yam phezu lo mbuzo. Bayisa baxhamla kule nto mercilessly bonakalise doroguschy inani enkulu yeentlanzi, elungele ukunika kuzala inzala ezininzi. Endleleni eya zidala kumabala zibekiwe iminatha, wasebenzisa neephakheji Uyadubula. Ngenxa yoko, i-ukukhanya isixa esikhulu salmon.

Benza into abangenamvume ngendlela efanayo hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokuba ukuya zidala intlanzi Kulula kakhulu ukubamba. Umbuzo koku kuxhomekeke yokuba phambi kokuba besasaza nesalmon kwi milo engaphakathi. Ngokomzekelo, bona akasukanga isisu, isibindi kunye namathumbu, inyama ulahlekelwa luthambe kunye namanqatha umxholo wayo, nto leyo echaphazela ngokwemvelo incasa le mveliso.

zidala salmon

Njengoko sele sibonile, kwisithuba phambi kokuba zikhwelwe wancipha kutshintshwe iintlanzi yintsapho salmon. Ukongeza ilahleko Ubumandi inyama, ukuba senziwa similise nangaphandle: umzimba ulahlekelwa isilivere wayo, umbala wayo kuba licace, kuvela emzimbeni ebomvu kunye namabala amnyama, kuba ngaphezulu. Iinkunzi ezinye iintlobo baba ngamalunda, yaye oko ukubonakala igama elinye iintlobo - salmon.

Umhlathi utshintsho salmonids: bend aphezulu phantsi, umzantsi, phezu koko, phezulu, ukunyusa ubungakanani kwamazinyo.

Fish salmon eyindoda ngexesha lonyaka zidala ufumana impahla yomtshato eliqaqambileyo. zenyathi nganye kunye ezahlukeneyo ngokuqwayinga ngeli xesha ngenye indlela.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba uninzi salmon anadromous emva kokuba amaqanda uyafa. Loo ezimanyumnyezi ilindele salmon Pacific, sockeye, nesalmon epinki kunye nabanye abambalwa. Ke phakathi kwabantu ye-Atlantic, eTsalimon ethile, abanye abantu ukulawula ukuze bahlale bephila. Kwakukho iimeko xa besasaza intlanzi kwelinye kwenzeka izihlandlo ezine, yaye kwake nokuba ekuthini irekhodi - salmon weza ukuvelisa inzala ixesha sesihlanu!

wemifula

uluhlu kakhulu elikhulu abameli salmonids. eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo ngokuthi imbonakalo yabo, kwakunye zokuhlala. Umzekelo omnye trout - salmon usapho. Ku ayisiyiyo uhlobo oluthile, kwaye igama nemibutho ezimbalwa. Ngembonakalo, asinguye wonke umntu akwazi ukumisela abantu ngqo eyeyomntu lwento ethile. Kodwa iingcali umahluko Alpine kunye Scottish, yaseYurophu American, umlambo kunye ichibi, kwakunye ekumnyama trout. Zonke abameli le ntlanzi intle kakhulu.

Ethetha trout umnyama, ndingasathethi zalo eziluncedo ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye iintlobo. Le ntlanzi kuyeyona nto okunencasa kakhulu, nangaphandle, yaye intle kunene. Igama lakhe wabonakala ngenxa umbala umzimba okuqaqambileyo shimmers ekukhanyeni yonke imibala yomnyama.

Wemifula inexabiso zorhwebo, njengoko kuye kwabangela ngempumelelo ngokuzenzela zokuzingela nezokudliwa. Ezinye zokutyela zinika gourmets bakhetha intlanzi ephilayo xa amadama ezizodwa elibona bambambise iminatha upheke kwaye kupheka ngumthengi. Ukuzalela iintlobo trout ngaphandle trout ziquka trout kunye Isakare na.

chinook

Le Salmoniformes omele bulindelwe isikakhulu kwi Koryak inkangala, ena kunye umthetheli Islands. Chinook salmon - enye salmon likhulu lwePasifiki, kwakunye uninzi elikhulu mpuma amanzi yeentlanzi. Ezinye iisampulu ukufikelela ubunzima ngeekhilogram ezingamashumi amathandathu kunye ubude umzimba elingana phantse omnye kunye iimitha enesiqingatha. chinook umbala ezahlukeneyo amabala: amabala amancinane amachaphaza phangalala entloko, lo fin amanakani nomsila kunye ngaphaya kwesiqingatha eliphezulu umzimba.

inja-salmon

Phantse zonke iintlobo salmonid kweentlanzi, i ifoto apho thaca kweli nqaku Bangamabala emzimbeni kunye amaphiko. Kodwa chuma umahluko ukungabikho kwabo ngokupheleleyo. Kaninzi kokuba waphawula iimpawu Abatyhafileyo zamasiko yomtshato. Oku ngokuqhelekileyo imivumbo pink nombala ukuba zisebenza kulo umntla.

Ngexesha chuma kwanda kabukhali ahluka zonke iintlobo salmon. Oku kungenxa yokuba umzimba wakhe ezihonjiswe cross ebomvu-emnyama imivumbo eluhlaza. A chuma inkunzi wothusa amazinyo lakhe elikhulu ukuba lukhule ngokubonakalayo ngeli thuba ukuze musa nokuba ukukwazi uvale umlomo wakho.

salmon ebomvu

Igama yesibini yale ummeli salmon - ebomvu iintlanzi; ngokuba le nyama akukho pink kuyo, njengawo onke amanye amalungu salmon, kwaye ngobunzulu ebomvu. Ewe, kwaye ngexesha lokuzala, lolu hlobo salmon unalo Umbala ekhethekileyo: intloko eluhlaza ingena emzimbeni ebomvu.

Phambi zidala, imazi wakha indlu nenzala yakhe elizayo. It ngamandla ihambisa amaphiko phezu komhlaba ingqalutye, ukuhlamba kude isanti kunye daka. Emva koko likhipha ebomvu salmon caviar, leyo, ngokuxhomekeke lobushushu kokugquma i sibangelwa kwiintsuku ezingama-50 ukuya 150. Ukuba ugcwalise resorption le imibungu sac buhlale zokuhlala ababhinqileyo unina-eyakhelwe.

grayling

Le yenye abameli eliligugu salmonids. Yena ezinombala gray emnyama nasemzimbeni, ezinye zezinto eziphilayo namabala amnyama iimilo kunye nobukhulu ezahlukeneyo. grayling eSiberia kunye zholtopyatnisty, Amur, kunye Lower Amur kunye zamanzi azakubalulwa kukho amabala sayingqombela elikhulu emacaleni esiswini. amaphiko zangasese ahonjiswe imivumbo kubomvu-mdaka. Ezi track olunombala iphoswe anemibala purple. umsila grupo Bright kwaye ezimpundu ezingenamaphiko grayling elichaza epheleleyo lo eyinzwana.

whitefish

Olu hlobo salmon ithathwa polymorphic njengoko iimpawu bonisa ukuba ethile le mbono, kuba nzima. Mhlawumbi nokuphawula ukunqongophala amazinyo kunye ebusweni ibinomthwebeba asezantsi. Ezinye iintlobo singabonakala site rylnuyu ngokukhawuleza. Phakathi salmon kolu hlobo zibandakanya abameli intle.

whitefish ubude umzimba kunokuba-10 cm lweentlobo ezincinane 60 cm - ngokubanzi. Ubomi ezi iintlanzi ukufikelela ukuya kwiminyaka engama-20, kodwa ke iintlanzi ke mbelukazi zixhaphakileyo ukusuka kwiminyaka esi-7 ukuya kweli-10. whitefish Semianadromous nechibi maxa wambi akhule ukuya ku-68 cm ubude kwaye inobunzima ukuya 2kg. Umntu ngamnye inkulu leyo akwazi ukubamba, zinobunzima-12 kg.

Thetha salmon kunokuba engenasiphelo - izinto kangaka ezimangalisayo nezinomdla ezinxulumene nale ntsapho yeentlanzi.