Ukuhlolwa ezinto - onjani analysis?

Umama okhulelweyo ngexesha lonke ixesha sokukhulelwa usana ukuya ngokusebenzisa inani leemvavanyo ezahlukeneyo yoxilongo esweni imeko yempilo yenkazana yemveku. Ezinye mvavanyo inyanzelekile, ngoxa abanye zengcebiso ngokwendalo. Ukuba injalo ezinto zokuhlola. Yintoni na, oko kwenziwa yaye yintoni izifo kungabonwa ngoncedo yayo, siza kuxubusha ngayo kwinqaku.

Yintoni na uvavanyo zengqo- ngexa lokukhulelwa?

Le ndlela wezifundo diagnostic iye yazuza yande practice clinical kutshanje. Ntlandlolo oko lwaqhutywa kuphela yi igqirha ngenjongo loxilongo yokuqala izifo ezithile yemfuza. Kodwa ngenxa ubukho ngokukuko kwale ndlela waqalisa ukusetyenziswa ebunzimeni ekuthinteleni. Ngoku umfazi okhulelweyo ngaphandle ezibonisa zonyango ezizodwa uyakwazi ukukhetha kudlula olu vavanyo.

Ngoko ke, ukuhlolwa zengqo- - yintoni na? Olu hlahlelo igazi lwemithambo ukumisela ukungaqheleki chromosomal. Kodwa iziphumo baxilonga kungenzeka diagnosis esichazayo ngobuciko ingundoqo usebenzisa le ndlela, akunakubakho ukuqinisekisa ubukho izifo chromosomal. Oku kuchazwa nje amathuba leengxaki enjalo kwimeko nganye.

Ukuze ukutolika kakuhle iziphumo zohlalutyo eziphilayo, ngqo phambi igazi ucingo abasetyhini abakhulelweyo sibhekiswe uviwo ultrasound. Umzekelo, i-ultrasound ugqirha umbungu yenza imilinganiselo, iqikelela ubutyebi bakhe. Ukutenxa izithethe ezisekiweyo, kunye namaqondo aphezulu iziphumo zohlalutyo zengqo- wegazi ukuthetha malunga ubukho ukungaqheleki genetic Palsy. Xa efumanise kwinqanaba eliphezulu lilonke yokuba foetal ukuphazamiseka chromosomal iingcali angacebisa ukuba bangenele iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo diagnostic. Umzekelo, kule meko, oogqirha unganika izinto uphando intrauterine ukuya uxilongo lokugqibela.

Ngenxa yoko, umisela kuphela amathuba ubukho aberrations chromosomal zokuhlola ezinto eziphilayo. Enjani uhlalutyo njengoko ikhutshwa phandle, sifunda kamva kweli nqaku.

Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela ukuba ukuhlolwa

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, uphando luqhutywa kokubini iinjongo zothintelo lwezonyango. Ukuhlolwa olugunyazisiweyo kukuba kwiimeko ezinjalo:

• Ukuba isibini izihlobo close;
• Umfazi okhulelweyo behlelwa lulo naluphi na usuleleko nje kokuba ukhulelwe kwaye ngexesha ngoko nangoko;
• Imbali angalahlekelwa isisu, ifile, kwesisu, ukuzalwa ngaphambi okanye ukuzalwa abantwana abaneziphene;
• usapho nezihlobo kunye nezifo chromosomal;
• ubudala umama okhulelweyo kwama-35 eminyaka;
• Pregnant imithi ukuthatha engavunyelwayo ngexesha sokukhulelwa womntwana, okanye ndazi X-reyi, kwaye ukukhutshwa ray;
• nje kokuba akhulelwe uyise okanye unina unyango radiation okanye x-reyi iimviwo elizayo;
• iziphumo ultrasound elingaqondakaliyo umithi, kwaye uyacetyiswa ukuba aphumeze zokuhlola zengqo- sikanina (oko kukuthi kwakhona yingozi ukhulelwe nokuba isifundo esinjalo, ukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha gqirha).

Yintoni egqibayo ukuba uhlalutyo?

Ukuhlolwa ezinto ikhutshwa phandle amaxesha amabini okanye amathathu kulo lonke lokukhulelwa. Kwaye kuxhomekeke kwixesha ngoncedo yayo ukuxilonga ezahlukahlukeneyo ezingaqhelekanga chromosomal kwi kwimveku:

• syndrome Edwards;
• Patau syndrome;
• syndrome Down kaThixo;
• syndrome Lange;
• phambi ityhubhu siphene uvaleke.

Kwizifo ezintathu zokuqala abe igama eqhelekileyo trisomy. Chaza amanqanaba zokuqala mgaqweni ezifana zofuzo uxhulumaniso kunceda koogqirha zokuhlola ezinto eziphilayo. Yintoni na le sifo kunokuba yingozi? Phambi trisomy kuhlalutyo zengqo- igazi yelebhu okhulelweyo elibhaqiweyo 22 ngasixhenxe zofuzo eqhelekileyo omnye 'ezintathu ". Kuxhomekeka apho abunjwe ngezifo ze wahlule izifo.

trimester Ukuhlolwa First

Ekusebenzeni kwezonyango baye babhenele kuhlahlelo njengoko 1 ezintathu zokuhlola ezinto eziphilayo. Yintoni na, ufuna ntoni na xa yenziwe? Kuba okokuqala umfazi omithiyo ujongene ingqikelelo lokuhlolwa ithuba leeveki 11-14. Olu phando ibandakanya i-US, apho ugqirha umlinganiselo Translations nuchal kwi ndingekazalwa, wathi yobudala sokukhulelwa kunye EDD.

Emva kokuba umfazi yoviwo ultrasound ithunyelwe kugqirha ukuba uvavanyo lwegazi. Kweli nqanaba chorionic gonadotropin oluntu PAPP protini. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo iingcali nekukholeleka ukukhula ezingekazalwa kakuhle, kuquka ukuba ukungaphili chromosomal ezifana Down engqondweni.

Kwakhona ngokuba "uvavanyo kabini" Ukuhlolwa zengqo- 1 ezintathu. Yintoni na? Uhlolisiso olwenziwe 11-14 iiveki sokukhulelwa onelungelo eli gama ngenxa yokuba uvavanyo lwegazi phezu kwezinto ezimbini ezithile: hCG kunye PAPP protini.

Imigangatho yentsebenzo ngayo zokuhlola ekhulelwe

Izalathi si zokunikwa hCG kunye PAPP iphenjelelwa yimiba yangaphandle njengoko ubunzima umfazi omithiyo, ngemihlaba kunye indawo imozulu lokuhlala, ubude ukukhulelwa kunye nabanye. Ukuze ukulungelelanisa imithetho abafazi abaninzi ezi yunithi babedalelwe ukuba kusale. nemigangatho Ukuhlolwa ezinto ibalwa kwiiyunithi ezinjalo. Ukuze ubale nabo bafumana iziphumo zovavanyo igazi ekhulelwe bahlulwe awawumisela kwindawo ethile, ixesha kunye nodidi ubunzima izikhombisi abafazi eqhelekileyo. Ngoko, xa ngaba isiphumo 0.5-2.5 umama, hormone na kuluhlu yesiqhelo. Kodwa ngaphezu 2.5 umama libonisa emngciphekweni omkhulu ukungaqheleki chromosomal.

Second betrayimesta Screening

ezintathu abamiselweyo Ukuhlolwa zengqo- 2: yintoni yaye kutheni kufuneka bangenele uviwo onjalo? Ukuhlolwa yesibini kuqeshwa okwethuba kwiiveki 16-18. Ngexesha uphando olubanzi enjalo ultrasound sifo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, 3D-format iya kubanjwa, apho ugqirha uza kuqhuba imilinganiselo ezingekazalwa, baqonde ukubetha kwentliziyo yakhe isikhundla isibeleko.

Uvavanyo igazi ziya kuqhutywa ukufumanisa hormone ezintathu okanye ezintlanu, ezifana hCG, PAPP, estriol, placental lactogen kunye inhibin. Uhlalutyo olunjalo kwakhona ngokuba uvavanyo ezintathu.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuze umama okhulelweyo wathumela ukuba thethwano ukuya zofuzo, ngubani iza kuhlola neziphumo zokusikrinwa le ezintathu yesibini , uze wenze izindululo.

Ukuhlolelwa senyanga yesithathu

Ukuhlolwa kwithuba leenyanga ezintathu lesithathu lwenziwa ikakhulu igqirha kwiveki 32-34 th. Ngethuba loviwo ultrasound ngeli xesha ugqirha nokuphononongwa kwemeko izibilini lo mntwana, intshumayelo yakhe, ubukho okanye ukungabikho nomtya azibophelele, imeko amanzi fluid kunye beendawo. Igazi kuhlalutywa uvavanyo ezintathu.

Iimpawu ukuhlolwa kwithuba leenyanga ezintathu lesithathu iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo diagnostic ngohlobo Doppler kunye CT. Ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokuqala kwaye kuqikelelwa ithombo legazi uzimisele hypoxia Palsy. Eyesibini kugqiba ukungasebenzi kwentliziyo. Ezi nkqubo ziqhutywa ngendlela efanayo njengoko US, ukuba ekhuselekileyo ngokupheleleyo kwaye yalula ukuba umfazi omithiyo kunye nosana lwakhe.

Amalungiselelo ukuhlolwa

Ugqirha Kucetyiswa behlolwa eziphilayo? Indlela ukuba athathe uvavanyo ukufumana iziphumo ezichanekileyo? alungiselelwe ukuba nokuxilongwa - yingxenye ebalulekile egqiba ukuthembeka kweziphumo. Umzekelo,-non ukuthotyelwa ngengcebiso okunesondlo kwinkqubo kwemichiza reactions yelebhu iya kufumana kuphela ubunzima amanqatha, ukusuka apho kuya kuba nzima ukufumanisa nantoni na. Ngoko ke, ngenye imini phambi kokuba ukuhlolwa osana naliphi na inqanaba lokukhulelwa ayikwazi ingasetyenziswa iimveliso zilandelayo:

• Ukudla;
• kombani;
• okunamafutha kunye neziqhamo;
• chocolate;
• tea strong Black nekofu;
• sohlobo.

Nikela igazi ungatyanga.

analysis

Screening ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba ezibini. Eyokuqala ibandakanya iimviwo ultrasound. Kuphela emva kokuba efumene iziphumo ultrasound, kunokwenzeka ukuya ukuba uvavanyo lwegazi. neziphumo zokusikrinwa ezinto Ngokuqhelekileyo, zingafumaneka kuphela emva kwexesha ngokwaneleyo elide - ukusuka kwisiqingatha ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu. Kwiiklinikhi zabucala ukuze aqhube uhlalutyo kwi ngexesha olukhawulezisiweyo - ukuya kuma kwiveki.

Kufuneka nokuba baxilonga abasetyhini abakhulelweyo? Ukuhlola iimviwo iziphakamiso abafazi abakhulelweyo. Kwelinye icala, enkosi oku lula kunye nokhuseleko izifundo uyakwazi ukubona ngezifo ozimiseleyo umntwana usaqala. Kodwa efanayo ixesha elimiselwe indlela sifo ayikho zifo. Ukongeza, iziphumo zibonisa kuphela kumngcipheko ukuphazamiseka zophuhliso yaye ngoxilongo. umama okhulelweyo Xa ezinxaxhileyo ziyazibhaqekela lijongene ukhetho onzima olunye uphuhliso esakhulelwe. Ngoko ke, isigqibo sokugqibela malunga kuphela kwikamva nangoko, abazali ukuthatha phezu enkalweni kuphando olunjalo.

yombhalo

Ezama Ukuhlolwa zengqo- kufuna nokufumaneka nobungcali. Ukutolika iziphumo ukuze ugqirha kuphela. Kubalulekile ukuba siqwalasele uze uthelekise izinto ezahlukeneyo ukuthelekisa imilinganiselo ukuhlola ukuthambekela izifo yemfuza.

test Igazi kumi ndlela:

• 1:10 000 ubungozi obungephi yokugula;
• 1: 1000 - aphakathi;
• 1: 380 - phezulu, efuna uphando olongezelelweyo.

Imilinganiselo zimele, kuba ityala inani abakhulelweyo ngezifo kunokwenzeka. Oko kukuthi, umzekelo, aphansi umngcipheko amathuba ukuphazamiseka chromosomal 1 ngo-10,000.

baqinisekiswa

Pregnant ekhangele phambili ekubeni kunye nosana lwakhe phezu ultrasound. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, lihlolwa ozisa amava abanzi. Amaxesha amaninzi kwi yokusebenza lomkhusane iphenjelelwa yimiba yangaphandle, kwaye ngexesha kwakhona yoviwo zokutenxa akayi kufumana isiqinisekiso yayo. Kodwa ngeli xesha unina okhulelweyo luhlangabezana uloyiko kakhulu engayaziyo ingozi yokuchonga, nto leyo nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwi imeko yayo kunye nophuhliso iimvuthuluka.

Yiloo nto izigulane Izimvo iindlela ezintsha diagnostic zinokuphikiswa. Abanye hamba siqinisekile loviwo ekufumanekeni ekukhuleni komntwana yokuqala, kunye nezinye inkunkuma iimboniselo yokuziphatha kunye yokomoya.

Ixabiso lokuhlolwa

Enye into enegalelo ekwenzeni ukwalela elizayo oomama azalwe Ukuhlola ixabiso layo. Kuphela kwimeko ufundo indlela yokuziphatha yoviwo uhlalutyo esibhedlele okanye ekliniki karhulumente kuba sisiganeko inshorensi.

Ukuba ukuhlolwa lwenziwa ngokucelwa njengenyathelo lothintelo okanye kwisibhedlele sabucala, kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule ukusuka engange 5000 ukuya 9000, ngokuxhomekeke ekliniki kunye ezisetyenziswa nezixhobo zalo.

Kwinqaku lethu, siye saxubusha kutheni kubalulekile ukuba behlolwa kwemichiza, kuliwa, nto leyo ufunda. Isigqibo asinike okanye hayi, ukuba bapase isifundo esinjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba athathe abakhulelweyo kunye nogqirha wakho. Kwaye Okokugqibela kodwa okunga kuncinananga, Tune kwi iziphumo ezidibanisayo kunye uqikelelo olufanelekileyo uhlahlelo iimpendulo ezinikiweyo.