Ukuhla yendalo kwenani labemi Russia: Oonobangela

Ukucutheka yemvelo labemi - ngxaki, nto leyo yenye njengezona nkalo zitshisa ibunzi ehlabathini. Injalo imeko ngenxa lwe ubukho bezinto ukufa phezu lokuzalwa.

Le mbono "ukuhla endalo labemi" yaye "yokukhula kwenani labantu"

Wenzala kunye nokufa - iinkqubo ukuba abe nempembelelo tsotsololo imeko demographic kumazwe ngamnye okanye kwihlabathi jikelele. Zombini ezibonisa oluninzi. Izinga lokuzalwa ibonisa inani lokuzalwa phezu yothuba elithile kwintsimi ethile, ibalwe, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokohlobo common factor - inani ziphila ngalinye labantu 1000. Ukongezelela, ukuchuma inokumiselwa izikhombisi ezinjalo:

• kwesantya sokuchuma ubudala (inani usana nganye 1,000 labasetyhini esifanayo);
• izinga lilonke ukuchuma (inani lokuzalwa kwingingqi ethile kangangexesha elithile ibhinqa ngalinye).

Izinga lokufa uchazwa umlinganiselo inani lamathole oyithengileyo yothuba elithile kwaye kwintsimi ethile nenani labantu bebonke. Bafayo ezantsi ukuya mhla esiqingqiweyo e Qatar, Kuwait kunye United Arab Emirates, ezona - e Swaziland, Lesotho, Botswana kunye namanye amazwe kunye umgangatho ophantsi wokuphila, impilo, HIV.

ezala lokusweleka abe negalelo elingqalileyo kwimali kwezinye amaxabiso manani kwi inguqu, umzekelo, ukuhla zendalo kunye nokukhula kwenani labantu. ukwehla labantu Natural (okanye inani yokukhula zendalo) kubhaliwe, ukuba lokufa lidlula ukuchuma. Kungenjalo, sonke sithethe ukwanda yendalo, nto leyo isisiseko yokukhula kwenani labantu.

Uluhlu lwa mazwe yi ukwehla kwabantu

Ukucutheka liphezulu labantu yendalo ekuso kumazwe amaninzi aseMpuma Yurophu. Uluhlu kumazwe depopulating (ngokwemiqathango wokuhla labemi zendalo isimo esibi demographic) zezi:

1. Bulgaria. Kwanokufa Bulgaria ngokuphindwe phantse enesiqingatha ngaphezu umlinganiselo sokuzalwa eminyaka.
2. Estonia. Inxalenye yokulahlekelwa zendalo abantu ngo Estonia kuyimfuneko nje kuphela notshintsho intsalela ukuzalwa nokufa, kodwa nencindi abafakwa, kubandakanywa ulwimi Russian.
3. Latvia. Kwi nokwehla zendalo Latvia, nazo nokuya nempembelelo ebalulekileyo.
4. Ukraine. Ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko, ukuhla imigangatho yokuphila, imfazwe yamakhaya kunye ukulahleka imimandla - konke oku, kunye ukuhla kwireyithi ngokuzalwa, unobangela wokuhla labemi bendalo Ukraine.
5. Belarus. Yabemi Belarus chu yokwehla iminyaka eliqela elandelelanayo.
6. EGeorgia. imeko elibonisa saqala ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kunye ekuweni eSoviet Union.
7. Lithuania. Njengabo republic ezininzi yiSoviet, e Lithuania imeko saqala ukwehla emva kokuzimela geqe.
8. Hungary. Iminyaka eliqela, Hungary iqukiwe kuluhlu lamazwe kunye wenzala ephantsi.
9. Japan. umthamo Reproductive iwela eJapan ukususela ngeminyaka. Lilixa lokuba kuthi, ukuba akukho ntlekele, ngoko ke meko intsonkothe ngokwedemografi ngokuchanileyo.
10. Russia. iingxaki elibonisa Russia kuya kuxoxwa ngazo nzulu ngakumbi kwicandelo efanelekileyo ngezantsi.
11. Slovenia. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amashumi amabini ananye amawaka okuzala akhawunti ngenxa elinethoba amawaka ufile. ukwanda yendalo HIV, kodwa isantya sokukhula sabantu ulihlwempu.
12. Moldova. Emva kokubhengezwa ukuzimela yabemi Moldova lehle nge ezingamakhulu amathathu.
13. Armenia. Population sokwehla zibonwa ngokucacileyo ukususela 1995.
14. Bosnia. Xa urhulumente kukho esitalini abagugayo.
15. Croatia. Inani labantu abafa likhulu kune nani yokuzalwa, ukwehla labantu zendalo kuye kwaphawulwa kangangeminyaka eliqela Croatia.

Imephu ngezantsi ngokucacile ibonisa umyinge wokukhula koluntu zendalo ehlabathini.

Dynamics of labemi eRashiya ngeminyaka

Kokubalwa, ezaqhutywa ngo-1897, ebhalwe abantu abazizigidi 125 abahlala yoBukhosi Russian. Imida yangoku ye-Russian Federation ngelo xesha wahlala 67,5 yezigidi. ukuhla Natural kwinani labemi eRashiya ukususela ngoko kude kube ngo-1994, xa kwaqalisa ukuhla kwenani labemi yayisenziwa kanye kuphela. Ngoko ke, ngo-1946, emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, inani yabemi liye lehla ukusuka phantse 111 million (ngo-1941) ukuya 97,5 yezigidi.

Kwitshati engezantsi nemiba ephawulwe ukukhula zendalo ukuqhama, ukufa ukususela ngowe-1950. Oku kunokubonwa ukuba ilahleko oluntu yendalo (ngelo xesha nangoku akukho kukhula kakubi yendalo, kodwa ukonakala elikhangeleka imeko demographic) kunye nokwehla ukuchuma waphawula kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe. Ke imeko ngcono. Okulandelayo kukho ukwehla elikhulu ekuweni eSoviet Union. Emva koko, ngenxa imeko yezopolitiko ezimbi kwaye kukwehla komgangatho wobomi, ngaxeshanye kunciphisa wenzala kunye nokufa nokwanda.

Inani labantu base Russian Federation

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abemi eRashiya million 146,8 zabantu. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo (ukususela ngo-2010) inani abemi eRussia kancinci kodwa kunyuka ukusuka komnye unyaka ukuya komnye. Kulo mzekelo, imeko demographic ngokubanzi ulihlwempu.

Zangoku imeko demographic: iintsingiselo eziphambili

demographic trends zangoku kwi Russian Federation zezi:

• siphantsi phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu, ubude ubomi babantu (iminyaka 62.8);
• "Amaza zosasazeko": inani eliphantsi kakhulu abantu ababezalelwe novalo, ngeminyaka nineties;
• ekutshabalaleni yabantu bomthonyama thile zincitshiswe ukukhula yokufudukela;
• inani labantwana mfazi nganye lihlile ukusuka amabini (ngo-1988 uthixo kwakufa 2.2 abantwana) ukuya 1.24, ngelixa ngenxa yokukhula kwenani labantu ezinzileyo kufuna ngaphezu ezimbini;
• izinga ukuzalwa linyuke mimandla kunye ngumama ngokwesiko ekuqaleni;
• kakhulu inciphise inani Russian kwi ekwakhiweni lobuhlanga, abemi zomthonyama luthathelwa abafakwa;
• kuncitshiswa umgangatho wobomi, nto leyo iba zombini isizathu kunye njengesiphumo sobunzima demographic - kumazwe amaninzi nokuncipha zendalo labantu bejamelene neemeko ezinzima zoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko, kwakunye nezinye iingxaki.

Izizathu eziphambili ezibangela ukuhla zendalo labemi

Kukho amaqela ezininzi ekusetyenzwa phantsi kwazo zinefuthe elivela kuzo ntlekele ngokwedemografi, nangona kunjalo, bonisa izinto lubalaseleyo akusoloko kusenzeka na.

1. Demoekonomicheskie: ukuhla ngokubanzi kumazinga wenzala kunye nokwanda ukufa, nto leyo eqhelekileyo ukuba abaninzi ithi post-mveliso.
2. umgangatho yehlise wokuphila, ukungazithembi, utshintsho ukusuka socialism kuqoqosho emarikeni, ukoyika yokuba abantwana: Socio-noqoqosho.
3. Sotsiomeditsinskie: ukonakala ewonke impilo yoluntu, butywala abaninzi, ngamakhoboka eziyobisi, ukufa ukwanda.
4. Sotsioeticheskie: ukudakumba nangokwasengqondweni labemi, amazinga aphezulu obundlobongela, ukukhuthazwa isisu, kwawa usapho, ukusasazeka iingcinga "childfree", ukuthotywa yokuziphatha yoluntu.

Intelekelelo le meko demographic eRashiya

Kuqikelelo lwemozulu malunga nemeko ekuyiyo lweendawo mzuzu ayikho intle. Ukuba ngoku ukuba ekuphakamiseni izinga wokuzalwa, ngo-2025 ukuya ukuzinzisa le meko iya kuba izinga kuyimfuneko kulingana lilonke kwesantya sokuchuma yabantwana 3.41 umfazi nganye.

Kwizinto ezenzeka ngoku, sinokulindela ukuba abantu Russian kuya kuncipha ku-80 yezigidi ngo 2080. Ngokutsho kuqikellelo ophambene, ndiya kuhlelwa kuko ngaphambili - ngo-2060. Ngokutsho izazinzulu ezininzi nabezopolitiko, ngale nombolo ukugcina phantsi kolawulo ummandla Russian Federation akayi kuphumelela emideni namhlanje.

indlela yokuphuma ingxaki yezibalo

Kukholelwa ukuba le ndlela kuphela imeko enzima Izibalo ukomeleza iziko usapho kunye nabantwana. Noko ke, xa kusenziwa, kufuna utshintsho olukhulu ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, kufuneka uqinisekise i imeko ezinzileyo kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho, ukumisela irhafu okukhethekileyo kunye nokungeniswa iintsapho abaselula, ukomeleza ukuma ekhaya, phakathi kwezinye amaziko kwezentlalo kakhulu ngakumbi.