Ukufuywa mveliso - ukuba kuyimfuneko? Iimpahla ukuze ukufuywa. izifundo ukufuywa

Creation ngowe-1814 beekeeper Russian P. I. Prokopovichem isakhelo yeenyosi wenza kwenzeka isicelo practice iindlela kusengqiqweni bee yamabanjwa. Emva ukusuka kwisiqingatha sokuqala kwenkulungwane ye-19, wayila of honeycombs ngumntu (I. Mehring, Germany) kunye extractor (F. Hruska, Czech Republic) wavula indlela ukufuywa industrial.

Imbali emfutshane

Kwiminyaka engamakhulu elandelayo, le yeenyosi kwisakhelo ekugqibeleni bagxothwa iibhokisi ibhodi, kweqonga kwindlwane. Promotion of iindlela eziphambili kunye namacebo ebandakanyeka yasekhemesti obalaseleyo AM Butlerov, abafuyi-abathanda I. E. Shavrov, S. K. Krasnoperov.

ERashiya, ukufuywa zoshishino kwavela njenge sebe elizimeleyo kwezolimo Bulelani imigudu ngumququzeleli abanetalente, intatheli kunye utitshala Abraham Evlampievich Titova - ". Ishishini ukufuywa" ngumseki kunye ixesha elide umhleli we Ngenxa yeempembelelo imibhalo nomzekelo pchelopromyshlennika waseMerika ehamba Amos Root, ngowe-1911 kwidolophana Borshchagovka Kiev kwiphondo titov waseka ubukhosi lokuqala apiary-khaya. Phambi kokuba October Revolution kukho malunga nama-200 emibutho iinyosi bekukho, kwakukho 15 oolindixesha ezizodwa.

ESoviet Republic uAbram Evlampievich oselula waqhubeka imisebenzi yophando kunye nokuveliswa njengentloko Izmailovo apiary zovavanyo. Ngokutsho le projekthi 1929 kwiMpuma Ekude, ifama ukufuywa yokuqala yenziwe. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, ezi nkampani baqalisa umsebenzi wabo Central Asia, Kabardino-Balkaria, kwi Kuban.

karhulumente yangoku

Hayi indlela engcono abachaphazelekayo ekuweni shishino eSoviet Union. Esikhulu iifama karhulumente kunye namashishini zoshishino lwapheliswa. kushishino ukufuywa eRussia ngenkankulu kwakhona emhlabeni ezilahlekileyo, kodwa enamandla kwaye zisebenza ngokupheleleyo ngoxa akunakwenzeka ukuba bathini.

Imfuneko engxamisekileyo ukuphucula ukhuselo lomthetho kunye nokudalwa ummiselo yolawulo omkhulu. Kukho ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kakhulu yosi, kunye nabaphathi eyayifuna ukwazi ukuphefumla ubomi obutsha kwi shishino.

Xa udinga yokuhlaziywa olukhulu kwisiseko eziphathekayo kunye nobugcisa. Umsebenzi kule apiary kufuneka kunokwenzeka imishini kunye nokuhambisa, ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo negalelo elihle ekunyuseni imithamo imveliso kunye neemveliso zokhuphiswano bee Russian emakethe zomhlaba. Eli lizwe umthamo kunye nemithombo ukuba kuchithwe Edreyi kushishino: US, Australia, eKhanada.

izinto Ubukhulu?

Kuphela xa isikali yahlukile ukufuywa yorhwebo engahlawulwayo? Nawuphi na imveliso, injongo yayo ephambili imveliso ubuninzi kwempahla efunekayo umgangatho (ubusi kunye neemveliso enxulumene) kunye nezinto kunye nexesha lincinane neendleko. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukwandisa inzuzo kunye nokukhula - ezikhethiweyo kunye ingqalelo.

Ingqondo kuthetha iifama bee ukwandiswa ngokwamacala elilelona. ifama inzuzo kufuneka siqulathe ubuncinane 500 amathanga bee.

Obungcali ibonisa izowuni zemozulu:

• Kwimimandla ekumzantsi eli lizwe - razvedencheskoe icala (package unikezelo iinyosi, ookumkanikazi).
• Far East, District Urals - honey (yobusi, njengomthwebeba).
• Far North - uvuvuzelo (ukuhlakanipha izityalo kwindawo zokugcina izakhiwo), kunye nabanye.

Ukongezelela, onke amalungu inkqubo chain (eziphathekayo kunye nezixhobo, izakhiwo, iindlela kunye techniques) ziphantsi komgangatho ngqongqo nomanyano. Ngeendlela ezininzi, impumelelo lweshishini kuxhomekeke ukhetho oluchanekileyo leenyosi uhlobo zizalele nakuzo enemveliso. Relations "man - ngumcinga" ebuhleni ngokupheleleyo, akukho indawo "lyrics" - kuphela akhawunti ishishini.

zone Uphuhliso ukufuywa

Ukususela kwisifundo kwaye yokwazi ubuninzi okunokwenzeka kwimimandla resource ubusi, ukufumaneka kwayo, ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwe-kwiindawo obungcali yoqoqosho ixhomekeke nenzuzo yayo kunye nophuhliso ngempumelelo.

Emahlathini Tatarstan, Bashkortostan kunye Territory Primorsky ke isityalo ubusi iintlobo eziphambili ezahlukeneyo eHeidelberg. Kwiminyaka kuFeliks medosbor uyakwazi ukufikelela ukuya kwi-20 kg usapho ngalunye. Kumahlathi ephikisanayo kunye zengca engcotyeni European Russia yeenyosi nako ukunika-3 kg ubusi ngosuku kwimimandla esemazantsi kwizityalo buckwheat, iinkcubeko attar - 6 kg. indawo base ezidla kufuneka aqinisekise kungekuphela ingqokelela ubusi, kodwa ixesha lophuhliso olunzulu kunye nokwandiswa kwamandla yosapho.

imithombo ubusi Alone musa ukuvumela ukuhlakulela ukufuywa ngendlela engazange mveliso. Yintoni ekufuneka kutshintsha zengqondo kunye nezenzo?

ukufuywa technology industrial

Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela obuphambili lweenkomo iinyosi kunokwenzeka kuphela apiaries ezinkulu (iintsapho 500), apho ukusetyenziswa koomatshini iya kuzisa iziphumo ezibambekayo. Namandla kakhulu isakhiwo yonke kwiifama apiary yahlulwe ubambano loqoqosho (500-600 ezindlwini zazo) kunye nganye ezinzileyo kunye nomncedisi ofanelekayo, zabele izinto eziyimfuneko kunye nezixhobo (beekeeper isuti, umntu otshayayo, ukuba basike, njl ..). Emva ubusika nokucocwa flyby leenyosi olwenziwe ngokususela iyunithi yokusebenza engundoqo siphetshethwa phezu ukunyotywa spring (akukho ngaphezulu kwe-100 ezindlwini zazo ingongoma nganye). Ngomhla estate engundoqo nga ukulungisa kuphela unit (abantu 2-3), kwaye akhonze zikwimeko elungileyo eziquka izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ukufuywa.

Ngokuba yonke le apiary yinkqubo yokhathalelo iqela eyodwa kubekho inani eliphunguliweyo iimviwo ngeli xesha lonyaka. ESRI Iingcali ukufuywa enze umsebenzi ubuncinane ilandelayo (iintsapho amandla ezihambelana ngokungalindelekanga ukunika efanayo):

• uhlolo Spring neenyosi besondla
• ningazicenti ukwakheka,
• ukubeka iivenkile okanye ezinye izakhiwo,
• Ukukhethwa ubusi kuzithengisa, wonqanyulwa Azisekho,
• ukulungiselela ubusika.

Ukuseta umhla lokujongisisa 10-20 kuphela amathanga bee apiary, ithathele ingqalelo ubungqina endlwini yazo yolawulo. Ukukhetha iinyosi lisisiseko kukhetha roylivoy ngaphantsi nemveliso kakhulu kwaye kakhulu ukuze zisebenze kwiimeko zendawo.

Ngexesha lonyaka, liya kuququzelela ubuncinane 3-4 zokuhamba apiary ukuya kweentyatyambo kumazwe melliferous ukwandisa inzuzo.

Izinto noseko technical

Kuba indawo kwifama engundoqo ekhethiweyo ngeziseko, kunye neendlela elungileyo ukufikelela. izakhiwo Farm (i ariya engundoqo imveliso, sotohranilische, winterer) kufuneka abekwe ngenxa msebenzi lula, baxhotyiswa kunye ezithambekileyo imoto kunye nezixhobo nokuphakamisa. Igunya Automobile kunye Tractor Park kufuneka abonelele iimfuno nkampani kwezothutho efama.

Xa baxhotyiswe apiary igxininisa ezikhethiweyo ezindlwini. Kufuneka babe kumlinganiselo standard kunye nezinto interchangeable (izindlu, iivenkile, izakhelo ze nezisele). Imfuneko kuyilo strong nezitho ekwazi ukumelana phindwa ekusingatheni zazo ngexesha ngokuphathwa yokufuduka.

Nangokomthamo ekunene kwathengwa izixhobo yosi, izixhobo ubusi imishini zokumpompa, izixhobo voskopererabatyvayuschee (oomatshini, centrifuges, umbane umphunga). eyakhe ukuchwela ivenkile yombutho kunye oomatshini elungileyo kunye neengcali imbuyekezo ngokukhawuleza kwi investment.

Ngelishwa, iimveliso ezininzi yosi, thaca kwi kwimarike namhlanje lixesha. Amaxesha amaninzi, iinkampani iinjineli aseleyo okulungisa nokuphucula izinto ezikhoyo. Umzekelo, nokulungiselela inginginya yobusi-sugar kusetyenziswa umatshini yokuxovulela mveliso lokusasaza isiraphu - Modified pyatidesyatiramochnaya extractor, etc ...

umbutho zabasebenzi

On lweshishini ukufuywa enkulu isasazeke indlela somhlathi apho ngalinye apiary, equlethe kwiintsapho 500 ukuya ku-1000, abasebenzi abasebenzi abantu 2-6 lukhuselekile. abanamakhono ngakumbi yaye namava amiswe iqela kwaye unoxanduva imali. Yimpumelelo yokusebenza iintlobo ezimbini zengqesho:

• zabasebenzi nentsebenziswano. Xa wenza imisebenzi amakhulu-scale (zokuhamba apiary, ubusi lokumpompa) zentsebenzo zokusebenza kunye nomgangatho neeyunithi sihlanganise iinzame.
• I division of labour. umsebenzi ngamnye automatism ithwala enze nayiphi na inkqubo (umz, bekholose lezakhelo eqinileyo) - ivelisa a ngokulambisa ligxile. Ukuphucula ukusebenza, ikhonkco ngamnye umiselwe eminye imithetho accounting engqongqo kwemveliso, consumables kunye nezixhobo. Advantageously umkhuba ukudibanisa imisebenzi kunye nemisebenzi (beekeeper kumqhubi wetrektara; beekeeper - samagama, njalo njalo).

kushishino ukufuywa lee ngaphandle uqeqesho rhoqo ngokutsha kwabasebenzi. izifundo Imveliso - eyona ndlela efikeleleka wemfezeko. Bona kubanjelwa ebusika zolawulo kwiingcali yezilwanyana abaphezulu kunye ukubandakanyeka kootitshala kwizikolo ezikhethekileyo.

Ngamathuba waqokelela iqela labafundi kule khosi ukufuywa (iiklasi sethiyori practice) for Agricultural Academy. Timiryazev Academy of Biotechnology. Scriabin (eMoscow) kwi Perm zokufundisa University Pskov Ulwazi ngomhlaba College.

Iindidi zemveliso kunye nemiba nokuthengisa

Iziphumo yomsebenzi kushishino kaThixo ibonisa ukuba ukongeza imveliso, kukho ezininzi iingxaki zoqoqosho.

Ngaphezulu 80% zeefama abafumana ingeniso evela kwintengiso ubusi kuzithengisa, malunga amayeza ziye zaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Wax imfuno njengokuba izinto ekrwada kwi metallurgical, ipeyinti kunye noshicilelo mveliso, kodwa isabelo ingonyama ngayo imveliso (70%) luphinda lubuyiselwe koshishino ngohlobo honeycombs ngumntu.

oovimba ebonakalayo inzuzo buxoki oshishino kuphuhliso nobuchwepheshe ukugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa propolis, umungu, bee ubuhlungu kunye umungu, ijeli wasebukhosini homogenate ikude kwindawo asetyenziswa zokuthambisa namayeza.

Ukongeza, amashishini razvedencheskogo izalathiso impahla isenzo kunye iinyosi ngokwabo - ukuya kutsho kuma-50% yoqoqosho inzuzo of Southern Russia ukusuka ookumkanikazi yentengiso kunye nokhunye.

Oonyana bolunye uhlanga baya kusinceda?

Kuba ishishini angaphandle ukufuywa luphawulwa yimveliso aphezulu kunye ukugxininiswa kwemveliso. iimeko zezoMthetho kunye nezicwangciso zihamba kakuhle ukuba ukusetyenziswa nokuphuculwa iintlobo umgangatho technology kunye nezixhobo, kwaye, ngenxa yoko - ukuthobela yonke ngqongqo nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe ngeemveliso. Ukufuywa mveliso kumazwe amaninzi abafumana izibonelelo kurhulumente eqinileyo, ivuyela inkxaso epheleleyo. Umzekelo, urhulumente US wabeka lweerhafu malunga nobusi amazwe (kuba China ne-180%, Argentina - ukuya kutsho kuma-60%). abathenga US akanakutsala imali yobusi (ukuya ku $ 300 yezigidi ngonyaka ngamnye) zabelwa sixhasa abavelisi basekhaya.

Kuba abenzi Russian iya kuba ngamava luncedo kunoogxa waseKhanada. amathanga Inyosi Performance kweli lizwe ngaphezu ihlabathi iziphumo umlinganiselo ngaphezu kabini.

Qhoboshela kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphucula nokwandisa uluhlu iinkampani ezivelisa imveliso ye ukufuywa. Kushicelelo kwimarike oluzenzekelayo cell line kunye zokumpompa centrifuges nobusi kunye namatanki, izixhobo zokuhlalutya umgangatho ubusi. Emehlweni ingqalelo kwesa zochuku: isuti beekeeper "uMthunywa" yenkampani Danish "Svente" iqondo eliphezulu wokhuseleko, intuthuzelo, ixesha elide.

Amathuba yophuhliso. Ezintsha ukufuywa

Akhuphisane noogxa Western ungenza ukuphuhliswa kwabasebenzi Ryazan Agricultural University kwicandelo oomatshini kunye ezintsha iindlela zokwenza iimveliso kushishino yosi, kuquka:

• technology kunye nezixhobo utsalo kunye omisa beebread,
• ukucoca ezintsonkothileyo ngokucinezelwa propolis,
• technology Food ukondla pasty wax iqokobhe.

Uninzi isixhobo sele isebenza kwimveliso. Technology ngenkuthalo ukuhlola iifama bee.

amathuba Good ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa neyenqatha lobusi zeplastiki ngumntu, ezindlwini zazo ezintsha (ukusuka istro landiswa kunye kumabakala athile amagwebu), ukusetyenziswa umfanekiso umboniso ukwandisa amandla ngamathanga bee.

Botshintsho olululo technology yokuqokelela imveliso iveziwe abafuyi Australian. Xa intliziyo kwayo - design entsha ngokupheleleyo kukwisakhelo zokuhlala iinyosi kunye "ekhaya". Xa ugcwalisa ubusi lobusi kufuneka avule impompo, kwaye imveliso kuphela lungena ngokukhululekileyo eyolukileyo amandla yeenyosi.

Inikezela ngelona ezininzi izimvo kunye nobuchule, maxa wambi phantse lendaba. Nguwuphi na kubo uya kwendelisela iingcambu, kwaye uya kuncedakala Abafuyi yosi, uya kukuxelela ixesha kuphela.