Ukufakelwa formwork: umyalelo ubuchwepheshe

Enye yamanqanaba yokuqala ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo yeyona ukufakela formwork. Ngokufuthi, le nkqubo uhlala ngaphandle ingqalelo eyiyo. Kodwa sele ibakala ukulungiselela eyothi, kucacile ukuba asingabo bonke lula nje into yokuqala. Babizele ndawonye isakhelo ukunceda nokukhokela ukufakelwa formwork.

iintlobo formwork

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zezakhiwo:

• Detachable leyo lidilizwe emva omiswe ngokupheleleyo isisombululo. It is a formwork enjalo ungamalungu ezahlukeneyo. Isiphumo isakhiwo lokukha leyo dismantle aphinde asetyenziswe. Phakathi iingenelo olu hlobo formwork release ukufakwa lula, anokuphinda asetyenziswe, leyo kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zemali zokwakha.

• Abasusekayo, ngokulandelelana, umntu ukuba akukho dismantled. Ukufakelwa formwork yale hlobo bavelise ikakhulu lwe istro eyandisiweyo okanye amagwebu. Kuhleli yinxalenye isakhiwo esakhiwe. Kwathi ngelo xesha isebenza nehitha.

• "Incopho" yi formwork okufana ukwakhiwa isiseko monolithic, nto leyo egxile emhlabeni. It ibandla ukusuka ngamaplanga isihlangu ubude kancinane phezulu izakhiwo okucetywayo eziphathekayo. Ikhaka uvikivwa emhadini kwaye zibambene kweendonga zayo. Eyisongile ngaphezulu kwikhadibhodi okanye izinto zokuxhoma uphahla.

Imali kwakhona iintlobo ezininzi kuye ngenjongo:

• Wall formwork. Ukuyinyusa lwenziwa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo nkqo kunye neendonga.

• Tye, esetyenziswa ufakelo sesiseko kunye nemigangatho.

• I kujikwa, nto leyo evumela ukuba ugcwalise iinkcukacha zeemilo ezingaqhelekanga.

Nokunyuka no dismounting le formwork kweentlobo ngamnye uneempawu zawo. Kufuneka bazi ukuba umgangatho womsebenzi.

Izinto eziluncedo ze shuttering esisigxina

Ukufakelwa formwork esisigxina ibandakanya yayikukufumana kit ulungele umsebenzi. Sinako kuqokelela kuphela uyilo kunye nokuvelisa ufakelo yayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba inani yeenzuzo ukuba olu hlobo formwork:

• ixesha elithatyathwayo elifutshane;

• ukufakwa lula;

• design ezilula;

• ukumelana isenzeko sande nangesihumba;

• ukhuseleko emlilweni;

• ixabiso eliphantsi.

Kwakhona, formwork isigxina zombini inwebu yokwambathisa kwaye block ugwebu ukuba lula zingadityaniswa omnye komnye. Xa udonga wangaphakathi sokurhuqa ngaphezu olungaphandle. Oku uyazifezekisa inqanaba eliphezulu usambathisa thermal.

Ukwakhiwa shuttering esisigxina

Ukufakelwa iindonga formwork ngokusebenzisa iibhloko ezisisigxina lula kakhulu indlela yemveli.

Umsebenzi luqala nokulungisa site, ngokubeka umaleko ngamanzi. Nje ubeke phezu iibhloko isiseko ngokususela ababedume (offset amalungu omzimba). Oku kukuvumela ukuba andise amandla (ngqongqo) eso sakhiwo.

Ukuqala nge uluhlu ngeebhloko zibekwe enye kuphela unyanzeliso olunye (ukudlulela). Kuba oku kukho vee ezikhethekileyo. Armature enxulumene phakathi ucingo nkqo. Ngendlela efanayo wazibeka manqaku alandelayo.

Iibhloko ziyaxhonywa phakathi kwiindawo zokubeka ezizodwa uqhagamshelwano elula ngokucinezela kancinci. Qala ukugcwalisa ngodaka eziphathekayo sele phezu umqolo wesithathu iibhloko.

Kule nkqubo, kukho imfihlelo elincinane. Iindonga ziya kuthembeka ngakumbi ukuba amalungu esicwangciswe isicombululo ihlala phakathi kwe block. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kumqolo ophezulu uzaliswe ukuya kwisiqingatha.

Iimpawu ze formwork abasusekayo

iingongoma eziphambili formwork ibandla siqwalasele umzekelo uyilo elisusekayo ibhakede. Olu hlobo amaninzi yenziwe ngaphandle koncedo kwabamnini beepropati iziza abakhi abaziingcali.

Ukufakelwa le formwork yenziwa ngamaplanga, imivalo, amaphepha ngamaplanga kunye nezinye iinkuni. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ezi plates egudileyo. Wonke umsebenzi luqala nokulungiselela site. Le sayithi kufuneka bakhululeke ngokupheleleyo izinto zangaphandle, ubutyobo njalo njalo. Okulandelayo, ngoncedo yeentsasa bagxumeka ezikoneni zezakhiwo sisephantsi kolwakhiwo. Baya kuba sisiseko yonke imilinganiselo iya kwenziwa kuzo. Ngokuhambelana ubukhulu phakathi imivalo baya isihlangu istili.

panels Kugqityiwe iyalungiswa liye emivalweni emboxo usebenzisa izikhonkwane okanye izikhonkwane. Lokubopha kufuneka ibe oluthembekileyo. Xa ukwandisa uxinzelelo eziphathekayo kuya kwandisa ukuba nekhaka, nto leyo inokukhokelela ngokuhlaziya zeebhodi. Eyona nto wawushiya bar evela ngaphandle. Ngaxeshanye, ubume ndawonye uya komnye umqolo kumgama kodonga elizayo. Ngenxa yoko, kufuneka ufumane isakhelo kujikelezo.

Kwi bhokisi ogqityiweyo uzaliswe istili inwebu igrabile okanye esantini. Le isisombululo likhusela ukusuka ukulahleka kokufuma apho kuya emhlabeni. Formwork technology eqhubekayo ubonelela ngokhuseleko isihlangu ngamaplanga nxamnye ukuvuza yesisombululo ngokusebenzisa emingxunyeni ezikhoyo. Ukuze wenze oku, iibhodi wayifulela alumuniyam okanye nophahla eziphathekayo, ezo nto zibambene nayo ngezikhonkwane okanye ezityiwa kunye stapler.

Wonke umsebenzi kufuneka wenziwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo inqanaba. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Kwinqanaba ngalinye, lo evenness uqinisekise ukuphakama yoyilo, ubude kunye nkqo (ebalulekileyo). imikrozo emibini iibhodi kufuneka aye parallel ngokungqongqo omnye komnye.

izinto ezisisiseko formwork

Le formwork abasusekayo, nto leyo eza ngumnikazi, iquka la macandelo alandelayo:

• Kumgangatho apho Uyingweletshetshe tyaba, owenza yonke ebiyelweyo. Isakhiwo kufuneka ibe namandla ngokwaneleyo ukuze imelane uxinzelelo fluid. Ngoko ke, ukuba yenziwe ngamaplanga okanye Umqukumbelo iibhodi Ebubanzini 4-5 cm.

• Amahlathi, ezo isakhiwo kuntlahlahlungulu. Babambelela iindonga, singavumeli isicombululo yayama lo kumgangatho. Yenza ehlathini ezivela iibhodi ngcu okanye nemivalo (2.5-5 cm).

• Izinto zokubopha - zonke izinto apho zonke izinto ejijekileyo isakhiwo: ucingo, umboniso, amaqhina, hardware njalo njalo.

Sinendawo rhoqo eziqokelelwe-15 cm iibhodi ububanzi ukuba sinxulumene kuthotho ezininzi usebenzisa izikhonkwane (ezibethelelwe ngaphakathi, ngaphandle egosogoso) okanye izikrufu (they zoba ngaphakathi). Umgama phakathi iibhodi kufuneka ingadluli 3 mm. Solid yesondo kunye abasuke ezongezelelweyo.

Okulula lobeko kungamampunge emngangathweni - usebenzisa zamafu manzi ngamaplanga 1.8-2.1 cm.

formwork ukufaka

Isakhelo iya kufakwa ngqo kunye nenqanaba, ukuba zilungiselelwe kakuhle kusengaphambili zokudlalela. yokurekhoda asebenzise Wasolula phakathi ngezikhonkwane ngeentambo. Backfilled kunye ababetheki nesanti ubunjwe. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, umhadi walungisa.

Ukufakelwa le formwork lwenzeka ngokulandelelana ilandelayo:

• Weperimeter kufuneka ityumbe Bakhokelindini nkqo (imivalo ngomthi, engile yesinyithi okanye wemibhobho).

• Ngokutsho sikhokelo ofuna ukufaka amakhaka nilungile, ukugcina umgama ofunekayo phakathi kwazo (oko kulingana Ebubanzini efunekayo isiseko).

• Aqine ukulungisa kumgangatho. Prop imivalo kophahla Kwicala elingaphandle yayo (1 canting emngangathweni imitha nganye).

• To connect izihlangu oqhagamshelwano phakathi imivalo 5x5 cm.

• Ngaphakathi istili elele film (material ezifulelwe).

LeZiseko ubude kunye 20 cm akazange afune kuyilo enkulu. Kwanele kubo ezibethelelwe imivalo emhlabeni.

Ukufakelwa kodonga formwork

nzima nangakumbi inkqubo yokwakha i formwork eludongeni. Ngaloo bebodwa yaye ezinkulu nezincinane-panel formwork.

I ukhetho lokuqala zikulungele ukwakhiwa izindlu ezincinane (nemiqolomba, izakhiwo nendlu) kunye nezinto phakathi amagumbi. Kulo mzekelo, sebenzisa ubukhulu encinane iibhodi ngamaplanga.

Ukufakelwa ezinkulu komphandle shuttering okufana ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ngezidumbu enkulu. Kuba ukusebenza usebenzisa iphepha metal okanye iplastiki enkulu ngamaplanga.

Kuba ukufakelwa iindonga isiseko zilungiselwe, apho ivalve wanamathela. Around Collect umqolo-ezimbini isakhelo formwork yakhe. Xa usebenzisa ucwecwe eziqhelekileyo, amalungu ingubo kunye iglu okanye sealant. Okwangoku kwimarike kukho formwork ngamaplanga okhethekileyo. Ezi makhishithi ngamnye oxhulumene kuyo kwi "iva-groove 'engayi kufuna uphawu olongezelelweyo.

iintlobo ukudibana

Ukufakelwa yophahla formwork kuxhomekeke kuhlobo eluphahleni. Ezi ndidi zilandelayo zezakhiwo:

• Kwi neendebe umthamo. Isetyenziswa izakhiwo ngezidumbu enkulu. Ngoko sebenzisa ntsimbi zilapha phezulu nkqo, IKONA, ufako, kwezixhaso kunye nezinye izinto loqhakamshelwano iinxalenye ngamnye.

• On amahlathi klinochnyh, okusetyenziselwa izakhiwo ezinemigangatho. Kunokuba panel ngamaplanga efakiweyo banikwe.

• On amahlathi uhlobo ikomityi. Olu hlobo ufakelo inika isakhelo. Ntsimbi zilapha phezulu ezi plate ezihambelanayo.

• neendebe owawusisibonakude. Ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko apho ukuphakama ezifanayo lingaphantsi kwe-4,6 m. Oku kusekelwe phezu kwento exhasa isakhiwo yonke. On top of panels elibhalwe ngayo ngamaplanga manzi.

esinombhalo Formwork

Okwangoku, le ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa nophahla monolithic. On umzekelo wayo shuttering ibattery inkqubo ibandla.

Formwork wasebenzisa kwezibonda oqhagamshelwano phakathi yi iibholiti. Bona kuqhotyoshelwe engile liye emivalweni, yayibaleka kwicala ezinqamlezayo. Kwezi imivalo ezinqamlezayo eDibanisa kele ngamaplanga, nto leyo ezantsi formwork.

Izinto ezisetyenziswa kulo msebenzi:

• Yima - bar nge cross-candelo 12-15 cm;

• deadbolt kunye nomqadi cross - mbini ibhodi nobubanzi 16-18 cm ne-5 cm nezinyuko;

• ezikhaphukhaphu - ibhodi ubukhulu ka-3 cm;

• nokwadala - okungangenwa (elaminethiweyo) ngamaplanga babulingana nesandla 1.8 cm.

Phambi kokuba ekuqaleni komsebenzi kuyimfuneko ukwenza izibalo ngqo. Kubalulekile ukujonga inani lezithuba, yisa indawo zazo kunye nezinye izinto.

imiyalelo yokufaka slab formwork

Imiyalelo lo msebenzi ubandakanya le manyathelo alandelayo:

• Ukuya phezulu ezikhaphukhaphu longitudinal ayinakutshintshwa imivalo, a isiphelo yesibini leyo zigxunyekwe eludongeni.

• Ngendlela efanayo umqolo wesibini eziqokelelweyo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, phantsi kweplanga yenkxaso obekwe-5 cm zamafu.

• ezinqamlezayo eDibanisa okuninzi neyophahla nge langutela ka-60 cm.

• Faka buckstays (nkqo).

• Ntsimbi zilapha phezulu ezihlangene ezikhaphukhaphu.

• Xa imivalo ezinqamlezayo eDibanisa amaphepha ngamaplanga, kungasali izikhewu.

• Eziphelweni ukungqubana iibhloko wamatye ezikhuselweyo okanye izitena.

• It is a sikhokelo unyanzeliso. Kulo mzekelo, xa kukho imfuneko, ushiye isithuba kunxibelelwano.

Xa kwenziwa umsebenzi, uyakwazi kuzala eziphathekayo. Susa formwork emva kweeveki ezi-3.

isiphelo

Ukufakelwa formwork kweentlobo nganye inika ukuba kusetyenziswe izinto ezithile. Ukuba iibhodi ziyasetyenziswa, kufuneka babe entsha. ibhodi eengubo ezikrazukileyo nawezonakeleyo engomelele xi nokwahlula. Ngamaplanga kufuneka angahlalwa manzi okanye ngaplastiki.

Wonke umsebenzi kufuneka enze ngokungqinelana izibalo zaveliswa. Oku kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ukuba ufakelo esandeni kunye nodonga formwork.