Ukufa kwe-Perinatal: inkcazo, izizathu, izibalo

Ukufa kwabantwana ngaphambi kokuzalwa kunye neentsuku ezisixhenxe zokuqala emva kwayo - ingxaki ayikho entsha. Ukuba ngaphambi kokuba ayikwazi ukusombululwa ngenxa yobuncitshisi obunobunzima bokunakekelwa kwengcinezelo kunye nomzimba (emva koko, izibhedlele zokubeletha zivele kuphela kwi-20 ye-XX yenkulungwane, kwaye ngaphambi kokuba bonke babelethe ababelethisi), ngoku kungokufa kwe-postinatal, oku Inquma le ngxaki, ihlolisiswa ngoogqirha, abalingisi beenkcukacha, iingcali zemibutho eyahlukeneyo.

Inqobo yecala lokufa komntwana kwangaphambi kokubeletha kukufa kwe-fetus ukusuka kwiiveki ezingamashumi amabini anesibhozo zokuphuhliswa kwe- intrauterine kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe emva kokuzalwa komntwana. Okwangoku, onke amazwe alungelelanise izikhombisi ukwenzela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuthelekisa iinani kwaye wenze izigqibo. Ukufunda ngezizathu zokufa kwezilwanyana zangasese kungenye yezinto eziphambili zogqirha. Ukwazi izizathu, kuya kubakho ithuba lokuphelisa le nto.

Ukuze siqonde kangcono into ejongene nayo, siya kujongela emanzini amileyo. Ukubala isantya sokufa komntu wonke, i-fetus okanye intsana enesisindo esingaphezu kwekhilomitha enye ithathwa ingqalelo, kwaye ukuba ubunzima abukwazi ukumiselwa, ii-indices zamatriki ziqwalaselwa - ubude bomzimba kufuneka bube ngaphezu kwamashumi amathathu anesentimitha, ehambelana neeveki ezingamashumi amabini anesibhozo zokuphuhlisa kwangaphakathi.

Iifomati zizonke zibhekisela kumntwana obengaphezu kwesigamu seekhilogram, ubude obungamashumi amabini anesithandathu ububanzi, kunye nokukhulelwa iiveki ezingama-22. Kutheni kuthathwa amanani anjalo? Ukususela ngo-1993, ngokweengcomo ze-WHO, kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ngamanyathelo okuvuselela ukusuka kweli xesha lokuphuhliswa kwabantwana ekuzalweni. Okokuthi, ngokwenene baqatshelwe njenge-birthborn, oku kuthetha ukuba nayiphi na ukufa kwe-fetus kuthathwa njengokufa. Oku kubangelwa kukuba ihlabathi liyazi ukuba amantombazana umntwana anesisondlo kunye naloo xesha.

Ukuba ukufa kwenzeka emva kokuzalwa kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe zokuqala, okanye umntwana wazalwa efile, kodwa egcweleyo kwaye inokwenzeka, ngoko oogqirha abathabatha ukuhanjiswa kufuneka baxelele iziphathimandla zobhaliso zobambiso malunga nalo. Xa ubhalisa ukufelwa komntu oyedwa, isatifikethi sonyango soluhlobo oluthile lukhutshwa. Ukuba ngexesha lokukhulelwa lingazalwanga esinye isiqhamo, isatifikethi esifanelekileyo senziwa ngumntwana ngamnye ofileyo. Ukuthintela ukufa kwezilwanyana zangaphambi kokubeleka, izimbangela zayo zenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo, okwenziweyo. Isiphetho sokugqibela sikhutshwe ngumgulana kunye nendlela umgca oqhotyoshelwe ngayo isatifiketi.

Phakathi kwezizathu zokufa kwezilwanyana zangaphambi kokubeleka kukuzalwa ekhaya, okuye kwanyusa imfashane kwangoko. Kwaye unina kaninzi akacingi malunga nokuzalwa kwekhaya, enyanisweni, kudlula ngaphandle kokuxhaswa kwabasebenzi bezonyango, kuba kwanokuba oogqirha abangenayo imfuneko yokubuyisela izibonelelo zonyango abanakunceda umntwana, ukuba kukho imfuneko enjalo. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuzalwa kwekhaya kuthwala umthunzi wobugebengu xa umama efuna ukulahla umntwana, okwenzakalisa ingozi ekhethekileyo. Kule meko i-autopsy yenziwa ngunonophahla. Enyanisweni, esi sizathu solu vavanyo, ngokuba apha iphutha lilele ngokupheleleyo kumama, ngubani, ngezenzo zakhe, engazange abe negalelo kwikhondo eliqhelekileyo labasebenzi.

Ukuba umntwana uyafa ngeveki yokuqala, ngoko kwi-ofisi yeRejista ubhaliswe kabini: ngokokuqala ngqa nje njengowokuzalwa, kwaye okwesibini njengomntu oshonile.

Xa zixhaswe, oogqirha bahlala bebona i-fetal pathologies, izibangela zazo zezifo zomama, iingxaki zokukhulelwa, ukubeletha.

Ukufa kwe-Perinatal kuboniswa njengomlinganiselo wenani labo bonke abafayo kwixesha lokuzalwa komntwana ukuya kwinani lazo zonke ukuzalwa, kwandiswe liwaka. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhuba indawo yokubangela ukufa: ukusuka ku-asphyxia, ukusuka kwintlungu ye-intrauterine, kwi-pneumonia, kwizifo zegazi. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukufa kwabantu besifo sokubeleka komzimba, abafazi abakhulelweyo bahlolwe, phantsi kweliso olukhethekileyo ngabasetyhini abasengozini (ngokukodwa abangenasifo, emva kokukhipha izisu ezininzi, kunye nezifo ezibangelwa ngumntu, ubudala. Kule meko, awona oogqirha kuphela, kodwa kunye nalo mfazi kufuneka alungele ukuzalwa komntwana onempilo, ukuthobela iimfuno zegqirha, ukukhokela indlela yokuphila echanekileyo, nokuyeka imikhwa emibi.