Ontology - imfundiso yentanda lokuba khona kwabo

Ontology - phe- yentanda kwi imeko yobukho, waba yimpumelelo, iindidi esisiseko wokunikwa kunye ulwalamano lwabo. Ngokwemveli kucingwa ukuba yinxalenye yoshishino bulumko ezifana ezikhona. Ontology lijongana imiba ezikhoyo, yaye nokuba amaqela la maziko ngokutsho uluhlu eqhelekileyo, zahlulwe ezifanayo nezahlukileyo. Ukongeza ontology esisiseko ojongene imithetho jikelele yobomi, zininzi sub-macandelo, ukuba njengoko injongo yayo i into ethile (umzekelo, ontology nenkcubeko).

Igama elithi "ontology" wenziwe iingcambu zamaGrike "Ontos", gama elo elithetha "izinto; yintoni na "yaye" iilogo ", ie "Inzululwazi, ithiyori, uphando." Kwaye nangona imvelaphi yamaGrike, ukukhankanywa yokuqala amagama afumaneka kwizicatshulwa ezibhaliweyo e Latin. In IsiNgesi elivela ngayo kwisichazi magama Natanielya Beyli ngo-1721, nto leyo ichazwa "inkcazelo nje yobukho." Kakade ke, uqinisekisa ukuba ngelo xesha ilizwi kakade ukusetyenziswa.

In zicazulule ifilosofi ontology - imfundiso, nto leyo inxaxheba ekumiseleni iindidi ezibalulekileyo yokuba aze athi, "khona" umqondo iziqalelo ze kolu didi. Olu phando lujolise ekubeni wedwa, ngokuba kungekho njongo ukufumana phandle, umzekelo, iipropati ngamnye kunye izibakala ezinxulumene kumaqumrhu ezithile.

Ukuzama ukusombulula le ngxaki ontology, ezinye zobulumko, ingakumbi kaPlato, walondoloza ukuba onke amagama (kubandakanywa izibizo abstract) ujonge ngokwenene okhoyo. Amanye zefilosofi umngeni oku uzishenxise imboniselo ukuba izibizo azisoloko zinxulumene abantu, kodwa abanye babo kubonisa kukhankanywa iqela lezinto ezifanayo okanye iziganeko. Ngokutsho yakutshanje, ingqondo, endaweni ngokwalatha izinto, libhekisela kwiqela iziganeko ngengqondo, umntu onamava. Ngoko, igama elithi "uluntu" linxulunyaniswa umfanekiso adibeneyo abantu abaye ezinye iimpawu, kodwa ilizwi 'geometry "linxulunyaniswa umsebenzi ethile ngokwasengqondweni.

Phakathi kwezi meko zahluke kangaka, emele ngokoqobo kunye nominalism, zikho nezinye izinto ezininzi lwembono, kodwa nayiphi ontology - yinto isayensi, kufuneka anike ingcamango oko iikhonsepthi funda inyaniso, yintoni - hayi, kuba yintoni isizathu kunye iindidi esinazo ngenxa yoko. Xa isifundo efanayo lubandakanya ingqiqo ezifana indawo, ixesha, isizathu, ulonwabo, qha, amandla, nobuThixo bakhe, ontology uba engundoqo ngokunxulumene namasebe amaninzi bulumko.

Ngenxa yoko, i ontology - imfundiso yentanda, umgaqo ibalulekileyo ingxaki yokuba hlobo. Yintoni na ukuba ibe yintoni abizwe ekhoyo? Ngaba Ndiya kubachithachitha izinto ngokweendidi, yaye ukuba kunjalo, yintoni? Yintoni intsingiselo yobomi, ixabiso yezinto? iinkcuba ezahlukeneyo kuyo yonke imbali bulumko ukunika iimpendulo ezahlukileyo zale mibuzo, nto leyo ibonisa uhlobo sexesha okanye inkcubeko.