Ukuboniswa data computer: ulwazi encoding lokubini

Ehlabathini, naziphi na iinkcukacha kufuneka ngandlel limelwe. Ukufunda nayiphi na into (incwadi, ingxelo, review), epapashwe kwi-intanethi okanye eshicilelweyo ephepheni, sithatha itekisi kunye nemifanekiso. Lo mfanekiso ukuba sibona swi retina kwamehlo ethu, ngokohlobo imiqondiso yombane ezosulela engqondweni, neqaphela abalinganiswa aqhelekileyo kwaye ufumana ulwazi. Ziziphi lo yolwazi kuzakuhlala kwinkumbulo yethu - ngokohlobo imifanekiso, logic okanye nantoni na enye into - ixhomekeke kwiimeko imveliso yalo, injongo kunye indlela ethile yokucinga. kwimpahla yentsimbi ye computer kulinganiselwe ngakumbi yaye lisebenzisana njengomlambo amaqanda abo (ebizwa ngokuba iikhowudi lokubini iinkcukacha).

Binary notation, zakha isiseko lonke ubuchwepheshe bee-computer, kwanyulwa ngokwembali. Nkqu ngexesha kwendalo iikhompyutha ongenawo tube yokuqala, iinjineli ukuba bacinga ukuba ukwenza njani ulwazi enkhowudingi kwixabiso elincinane zonke yaba unit. Ekubeni kukho iindlela ezimbini kunokwenzeka amanyathelo ityhubhu ezincamathelayo - idlula ngoku, uvimba oko, deuce kwi sisiseko yokubala kwenkqubo zibonakala kakhulu eyiyo. Xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba isixhobo semiconductor, esi sigqibo unako kwakhona, kodwa iinjineli wahamba ngendlela nakatannomu, ukulondoloza logic lokubini umntu iikhompyutha umvuni kakhulu. Noko ke, nokwakheka semiconductors kunye izithathu ivumela iikhowudi kolwazi kwikhompyutha: ukongeza ukunqongophala kwentlawulo (ezintathu zero), kusenokuba kukho zombini HIV (+1), okanye okubi (-1), engqamana iindlela ezintathu ezinokwenziwa ngayo Trita - unit cell memory. Kukwanjalo ke malunga ombane: ulwalathiso ngqo okanye umva, okanye akukho yangoku kwaphela (amaxabiso efanayo ezintathu).

Ukukhetha le izithathu inkqubo nani ngokuzenzekelayo uza kuziphelisa ingxaki esephepheni of amanani akhabayo, nto leyo kwinkqubo yokubini iyatyhilwa yi ekuthiwa inversion ngenxa bit lokuqala njengophawu. Malunga wisdoms yalo msebenzi inkqubo yokubini kakhulu kubhaliweyo Internet, kuquka iincwadi kulwimi Assember. Kwimeko ukulandelelana izithathu, yayiza inani abhalwe, umzekelo, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ". + 00-0 + 0 + -" Apha "+" - Amaxabiso entry eyongayo "+1", "-" ngokulandelelana - "-1", kakuhle, zero uthetha ukuba ngokwayo. Xa liguqulelwa kulwimi lwabantu ukufumana ezi zilandelayo: + 3 * 8 + 0 + 0 - 3 ^ 5 + 0 + 3 ^ 3 + 0 + 3 ^ 1 - 3 ^ 0 = 6561 - 243 + 27 + 3 - 1 = 6347. benefits logic izithathu wabonakala xa usebenza ezahlukeneyo data: ukuba umbuzo kuthiwa impendulo monosyllabic, badinga yokubini Mayingathwalwa omnye iimpendulo ezimbini ( "ewe" okanye "hayi"), ngoxa Phatha izithathu - ntathu ( "ewe", "hayi", "hayi uzimisele"). Abanamava badwelisi benkqubo Khumbula kufuthi kangakanani na imfuneko kwivenkile enye impendulo ngenxa ezintathu ezinokwenziwa ngayo; ngoko ke, ngenxa yawo Inani zizakhele into ethile, umzekelo - faka eyongezelelweyo parameter (kabini): enoba ngokupheleleyo bazimisele ukuya ngoku ixesha.

ulwazi encoding Binary indisokolisa lokujongana imifanekiso. Iliso lomntu uyabubona imibala ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: blue, oluhlaza kunye nobomvu, ngenxa pixel nganye graphic ufakwe bytes ezine, ezintathu abonisa ukwanda imibala ezisisiseko, kwaye owesine uthathwa ngokuba ayisafuneki. Le ndlela Ngokucacileyo kunciphisa ukusebenza yemizobo computer, kodwa akukho nto engcono Yayintle loo nto.

Ukusuka kwindawo yemathematika ngembono izithathu computer ukuba kakhulu ngempumelelo. zibalo engqongqo zintsonkothile kakhulu, kodwa umphumo uba mazwi alandelayo: ukusebenza computing iphezulu, inkqubo kufutshane yayo amanani phakathi e (malunga ilingana no 2.72). Kulula ukubona ukuba ezintathu ukuya inani 2,72 lisondele kakhulu ezimbini. Sinokuba nethemba kuphela ukuba ngenye imini wemfanelo uhlelo ngekhompyutha, waphethulela ingqalelo yakhe kwinkqubo izithathu yesi. Mhlawumbi kuya kuba sesona sisombululo emva koko basemoyeni abaza kudalwa?