UKnut Hamsun: biography kunye nemisebenzi

UKnut Hamsun - odumileyo Norwegian umbhali impressionist, umbhali, imbongi, umbhali kunye mhlalutyi loncwadi. Ngowe-1920 waphumelela ngeMbasa kaNobel kwincwadi yakhe "Juices Land".

ebuntwaneni

UKnut Hamsun wazalwa e Lome (District Central Norway). Abazali bakhe (Categories Pedersen kunye Tora Oldsdatter) ihlaliswe kwifama encinane Garmutrete. In Hamsun waba oodade ababini abancinane kunye nabazalwana abathathu abadala.

Xa wayeneminyaka engama-3 ubudala, yonke intsapho yakowabo yafudukela Hamar. Apho laqesha efama ukusuka Hans ekusen (uyisekazi Hamsun kaThixo unina). Iminyaka emithandathu elandelayo ubomi umbhali senzeka umoya esihle: yena besiqhuba iimazi rhoqo iyayithanda ubuhle Iintaba ezigqunywe kunye imifula Norwegian.

Farm Rental ayikapheli ebukhobokeni ityala usapho, kunye UKnut oneminyaka eli-9 ubudala waya kusebenza umalume wakhe. Wayeyindoda ozinikeleyo ongazange kumnika ukuba adle, aze andibethe. Ngowe-1873, udiniwe gadalala, Umfana wabaleka ukuya kwidolophu ezikufutshane, kodwa wabuyela emva konyaka waza wafumana umsebenzi evenkileni yasekuhlaleni.

I yokuqa-

Ngowe-1875, lo mfana waba umthengisi ohambahambayo. Xa sidla kunye nomsebenzi, UKnut Hamsun wayeka kwisixeko Buda waza wathabatha nomncedisi izihlangu. Kungelo xesha wabhala inoveli yakhe yokuqala "Man Abamangalisayo". It yapapashwa ngo-1877, xa lo mfana wayeneminyaka eli-18 ubudala.

Emva konyaka Hamsun wafundisa esikolweni, waza wagqiba ekubeni ube inkundla unothimba oncedisayo. Kwithala yakhe, yena udibana imisebenzi ababhali yaseScandinavia ezifana UHenrik Ibsen, Bernstern Bjornson, njl Ngowe-1878, UKnut likhuphe le inoveli "Burger", apho umlinganiswa ophambili ubhala imibongo ngobomi kwakhe nzima. Nangona kunjalo, lo uzuko ayikasebenzi, kwaye ngokuboleka imali nurlanskogo zabarhwebi, waya Oslo. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, umfana ngokudyiwaza yonke imali kuba akanako ukwenza ukubhala imali. Ngenxa yoko, UKnut Hamsun uba ngumsebenzi indlela.

Ukuya kwi-United States kunye nezifo

Ngowe-1882, ukuthatha iileta ezivela kwamanye amazwe anempembelelo Norwegian, lo mfana waya eUnited States. Ubuhlobo bakhe baba ngokwaneleyo, yaye wakwazi ukufumana indawo nomsebenzisi Wisconsin. Kamva, wathatha oonobhala bakhe umvangeli Norwegian evela Minnesota. Apha Hamsun nezibi. Oogqirha baye bagqiba ukuba isifo sephepha, kodwa ayiqinisekiswanga uxilongo.

Ngowe-1884 wabuyela Oslo apho zonke iimpawu zesi sifo (mhlawumbi iphika) aphel. Apha ubhala malunga nomsebenzi kaMarko Twain phantsi kwegama UKnut Gamsund (kamva "e" iye yaphela ngenxa yempazamo lomzobo). Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe nokubhala akazange dibanisa up. iintlekele umbhali yaye ngowe-1886 kwakhona uhamba eUnited States (Chicago), apho kuqala usebenza umqhubi, kwaye ehlotyeni ezibolileyo kwimihlaba yase North Dakota.

Impumelelo lokuqala

Lithemba ngobomi iinzame loncwadi, umbhali lubuyela eYurophu (eCopenhagen) kwaye ibonisa enye imisebenzi Edvard Brandes laqalisa - umhleli we leli phephandaba. Wathi umbhali ukubhitya, kwaye ngcali ebalini wenza nomvakalelo womoya onamandla e Edward. Ngowe-1890 le ncwadi yapapashwa Copenhagen, ukuqweqwe apho ndanxiba la magama "UKnut Hamsun" Indlala "." Eli bali wenza izihloko ze ufake igama umbhali njengoko ngumbhali kakhulu.

Inoveli "Indlala"

Kulo msebenzi, UKnut wala nje kuphela izithethe kokumgxeka okuchithwa uphawu iprozi yaseScandinavia, kodwa kwakhona kwi zelo xesha ingcamango yokuba uncwadi kufuneka ukuphucula iimeko yobukho bomntu. Enyanisweni, lo msebenzi akukho ibali aze abalise ibali umfana ehlala Oslo yaye ndandifuna ukuba umbhali. Kaloku, Kakade ke, ukuba ibali ngokuphila kunye kwase kwe ophambili - UKnut Hamsun. "Indlala" ifumene iirivyu Rave bemisebenzi. Umzekelo, Alrik Gustafson wabhala wathi: "Kuba ngathi ngeqhawe Dostoevsky, ngubani na abagulayo emzimbeni kunye emphefumlweni, yiva yenimba yokulamba kwaye yenza ubomi bakhe angaphakathi ezingekho rhoqo."

Umlinganiswa ophambili we-mveliso ubunzima nje kuphela ukunqongophala kokutya, kodwa ukunqongophala kwabantu, ukungakwazi lokuzimela ngokucacisa ukunganeliseki ngokwesondo. Ndeyisekile misebenzi yakhe, ukhetha bebongoza kunokuba ukuba bashiye amaphupha kunye namabhongo. Abahlalutyi abaninzi baye ebhaliweyo ukuba iqhawe antihero lwabo ningazani aphengela uncwadi kwenkulungwane yama-20. Ngendlela, ukuba ibali usathandwa kakhulu. Oku kungqinwa rhoqo yombuzo wophendlo, xa abantu bafune "Indlala" (book). UKnut Hamsun waziwa kwinkulungwane yama-21.

Phuhlisa ingqiqo yayo

Akukho shu kukuba kwimveliso yakhe yokuqala ngempumelelo umbhali liphuhlise indlela ethile. "Indlala" yayibhalwe amabinzana amafutshane kunye capacious. A Iinkcazelo ecacileyo ecacileyo Zinokuxutywa ngabom ezinenjongo kunye luluvo. Ukudala "nendlala" iye bangqamana nexesha Strindberg, Nietzsche, Schopenhauer kunye Hartmann wabongoza ukuba banikele ingqalelo imikhosi unconscious elawula ubuntu babantu.

ingqiqo Own luluvo ukubhala UKnut Hamsun kaThixo, ingqokelela zezincoko leyo zingathengwa phantse naluphi kwivenkile, kwenziwa isincoko othi "Ukususela ubomi ienjini komphefumlo." Lo msebenzi wavela kunyaka enye njenge "Indlala." Kulo umbhali bashiya iimpawu injongo ukubhala waza wacela ukufunda 'intshukumo komphefumlo nakwiimbombo qelele ienjini ucazulule isiphithiphithi yokuvela. "

Le Science sesibini nesesithathu

Imveliso yesibini yimpumelelo ababhala UKnut Hamsun - "Imfihlelo." I inoveli Isixelela banolwazi lokunyanga kodwa bengenalo, ukubonakala kwidolophana ulwandle kwaye mangaza abantu yokuziphatha engaqhelekanga. Kanye njengoko "Indlala", umbhali ukubuya kusetyenziswe indlela luluvo, kwaye esebenza ngokugqibeleleyo, ngokubonelela kuthandwa le ncwadi.

"Pan", eyapapashwa ngo-1894, yaba yimpumelelo romance umbhali wesithathu. UKnut Hamsun, ngobomi egama izele kweziganeko, wabhala memoirs yakhe ngokohlobo Thomas Glan. Umlinganiswa ophambili kukuba yayintsha ubukho ephucukile, yaye yena uphila ngaphandle komzi e Nordland, abazibandakanya zokuloba nokuzingela. Ngu umzekeliso Rousseau, umbhali wayefuna ukubonisa ukunqulwa endalo kunye nemiphefumlo hypersensitive. Ugcino ophambili UKnut oluvakaliswe inkcazelo sublime bemvelo wazama ukuchonga kunye kwilali nurlanskoy kobuso bakhe. inkanuko ebumlilorha Edward Thomas, bratty, ntombi ibhuqiwe zomrhwebi, kudala engqondweni yakhe isiphithiphithi wokwenene ngokweemvakalelo, kwaye ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ukuzibulala.

I inoveli wesine

Umsebenzi wesine omkhulu UKnut Hamsun wabhala - "Juices zomhlaba" (epapashwe ngo-1917). Xa inoveli kuba ibonakalisa umoya ka-1911, xa umbhali baphila kwifama kwaye waye ehlukanisiwe kuluntu. Ibhalwe uthando olukhulu ngobomi abalimi ezimbini Norwegian Inger kunye Isak, owathi, nangona zonke iingxaki baye bakwazi ukuhlala ethembekile bamadoda izithethe kunye nokuzinikela ukuya elizweni labo. Ngowe-1920 kokuba abelwe umsebenzi Nobel Prize.

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba kukho enye inoveli, owabhala UKnut Hamsun - ". I-iziqhamo zomhlaba" Enyanisweni, bayaphazama. Yinto nje inguqulelo ezahlukeneyo igama lokuqala Norwegian "Juice zomhlaba."

amaNazi inkxaso

Nge ubudala, UKnut iye kakhulu mva. Ukususela ngo-1934, wayezixhasa ngokuphandle amaNazi. Hamsun akazange athelele yamaNazi, kodwa waya eJamani intlanganiso lukaHitler. Xa amaJamani esaphethe eNorway, kweza iqashiso amanqaku pro-zwilakhe, waba phantsi apho utyikityo "UKnut Hamsun". Umbhali ncwadi iphindiselwe kuye amawaka abafundi loqhankqalazo.

Le yokubulawa kwetyala

Ekupheleni kwemfazwe, wabanjwa kunye nomfazi wakhe. Ekwindla ka-1945 Hamsun ndafakwa kwikliniki abagula ngengqondo. Emva kweenyanga ezine unyango, watshintshelwa kwikhaya lokonga Landvik. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, umbhali azama waza wafunyanwa enetyala ngokunceda ukuvuna utshaba. Kwakhona, oko wayalelwa ukuba ahlawule 425,000 kroner Norwegian. Ukuvalelwa UKnut wakuphepha ngenxa "ukuthotywa ngokwasengqondweni."

wokugcina

Izincoko "Kwi indlela yene" bekukho umsebenzi yokugqibela zombhali. Intlekele kopilsya iincwadi amashumi eminyaka. UKnut Hamsun (iikowuteshini imisebenzi yakhe zinokufundwa ngezantsi) wayefuna ukubuyisela uzuko owayesakuba Scandinavians. intetho kaHitler malunga ngokuvela iintlanga Nordic (ingakumbi Norway) ngamandla umbhali "ehlanganisiwe". Kungenxa yoko le nto Hamsun benamandla ngcinga yobuFasi kuphela kwiminyaka kamva waqonda engalunganga yakhe. Kwincwadi "On kumendo yene," uMbhexeshi isixelela impazamo yakhe ebuhlungu, kodwa acele uxolo ebantwini. Umbhali uye zange eyaziwayo ububi yakhe.

ukufa

UKnut Hamsun, ogama engobomi waqhutyelwa kweli nqaku, ukuba wafa kwilifa lakhe Nornholm. Le editions post-imfazwe umbhali yaqala ukubonakala eNorway kuphela ukusukela ngo-1962: imane nje umbhali, kodwa angamxoleli njenge nani yoluntu. Xa ndiqukumbela, esisibeka ngayo zezicatshulwa edume ukusuka ngumbhali imisebenzi yakhe.

iikowuteshini

"Musa ukuba noburhalarhume ebomini. Akukho mfuneko ukhohlakele, ngqongqo kwaye enobulungisa ebomini. Yiba nenceba uze uyithabathe asikhusele. Awukwazi ukucinga noko abadlali kufuneka ukuba bajongane nayo. "

"Qamba - oko kuthetha ukuba alawule phezu kwinkundla."

"Kuba bonke, ndiyinkazana yolunye uhlanga, ngoko ngokufuthi athethe ngokwam."

"Eyona inkulu lowo onika nentsingiselo kobukho bomntu, kwaye ishiya ilifa."

"Uninzi elungileyo udlula ngaphandle umkhondo, kodwa kubandakanya nemiphumo ububi."

"Ukususela kwesitulo ndibona iinkwenkwezi, neengcinga zam yenziwa phezulu sesaqhwithini zehlabathi".

"Ubomi - impi yonke imihla kunye iidemon engqondweni nasentliziyweni yakhe."