Uhlanga yeYurophu

Kufuneka ngoko nangoko kuqatshelwe ukuba imfundiso yokuba ukwahlulwa abantu beentlanga iye yathandwa ngu zesayensi ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Iingxoxo ngalo mba namhlanje ubukhulu becala kuthathwa njenge nzululwazi, kodwa eyahlukileyo kweyabo, ke ngoko, musa ukuba eluncedo yenzululwazi.

Ukukhuthaza kwamabango ukongama uhlanga oluthile, babizwa ngokuba "Nordic" idinga uhlolo olufanelekileyo kunye nabantu bezinye iintlanga. Ideology, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "Ingcamango Northern" okanye "nordism" (norditsizm) eyayiqhelekile 1800 kunye 1900 okuqala Western eYurophu nakuMntla Melika, kwaye iye yaba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo ideology lwamaNazi. ingqalelo engamandla kuyo ziphuhliswe 1920, xa elithi "ugqatso Nordic" lisetyenziswa nokutshintshwa kunye elithi "uhlanga Aryan."

Le ideology, abeke uhlanga Nordic njengoko uhlanga phakathi enkudlwana, abaseAfrika, ngo-1930, iye unenzondelelo elininzi elibanjwa i-UK, i-US nakwamanye amazwe eliphezulu.

Food Reich e iJamani yamaNazi kunye nabaniki-ngcebiso kweyabo Genriha Gimmlera, Richard Walter Apocrypha Darre, liphuhlise ingqiqo nabalimi waseJamani, leyo ichazwa "ugqatso Nordic", nto leyo akabanga ngokunxulumene Aryan, Indo-yaseYurophu okanye German. Igama elithi "bendlela" (Aryans) lalisetyenziswa ukubhekisela ngezizwe kunye amathafa Iranian.

Ngoko ke, ngokuvumelana nezi iimbono ngeembono, ubomi zayo zonke iintlobo ezininzi nezohlukeneyo kunye obubonakala, yimveliso yenkqubo yendaleko eziphambukileyo, njengako baseYurophu bohlulwa ezintathu "iliwa" okanye iindidi ngokobuhlanga - emantla, Alpine kunye lweMeditera.

uhlanga yeYurophu, eqhelekileyo Northern Europe, omele omnye ngamahlelo amathathu (iintlanga amancinci okanye iintlobo emzimbeni) eziyinxalenye gqatso yaseYurophu, yahlukile kwezinye kwaye ibonisa iyantlukwano phakathi iimpawu zayo ezininzi ezizodwa kubo. abameli bayo bahlala ikakhulu (kodwa hayi kuphela) e Northern Europe, kuquka abantu abathetha isiJamani, ebonakala dolichocephaly (side zentloko), isikhumba enobulungisa, cheekbones eziphakamileyo, ngqo okanye iinwele siziinduli kancinane mhlophe, abathi ubudala inokuba esintsundu ukukhanya okanye limnyama. Banamehlo eliqaqambileyo: aluhlaza, engwevu, eluhlaza. Vikings ukungaphangalali uhlobo imbonakalo ayikho ukuwa kakhulu phantsi inkcazo "Aryan olunyulu" apho kukho ubunzima enkulu iinwele emnyama, nangona ukuba iiphowusta ze yamaNazi zazibonisa "Aryans" njenge blonde.

Abaxhasi i "theory Northern" ababesithi "Nordics" kwimbali lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu ahlala kwindawo evelele kumaxesha amandulo, nkqu kugqatso lweMeditera, wayebhekisela isibakala sokuba ezinye abalawuli baseRoma iinwele ezimhlophe.

uhlanga yeYurophu yena yahlulwe sub-ngamaqela amabini - umbindi kunye neuropathy (Atlantic, iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela neo-iDanube). Phantsi iqela ukuthini uhlobo ezintathu yabantu: borrebyu, uBruno, imifanekiso. I ezimbini zokuqala luphawulwa baneempawu akudala lusukela ezi ntlobo Upper Paleolithic: omde, umzimba omkhulu, nentloko enkulu, ubuso ebanzi. Le - inzala abantu bokuqala azinza kwi Europe kumntla-ntshona.

iqela yaseScandinavia ifumaneka iintlobo ezimbini: Hallstatt kunye Celtic nesimbo zaseBritane Isles kunye Netherlands. Yena Wabonakala kumntla-ntshona Yurophu ngexesha Iron Age kunye wamaCelts kunye neenkcubeko zaseJamani. Kwiindawo ezininzi, umzekelo, eDenmark kunye kumntla Jamani, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iintlanga esemantla zizinto ezingenakwahlulwa, njengoko kuqhelekile phakathi baseYurophu kumantla abahlala eUnited States.

Kudla ngokuthi ezikhoyo Ukuhlelwa subrasovye ezahlukeneyo kuluhlu ngokwanelisayo elimxinwa. abantu kakhulu eyohlobo olulodwa, Hallstatt uhlobo yaseScandinavia, ingafunyanwa kwi mpuma Norway kunye central Sweden - le ndawo ukuba semvelaphi odumileyo American Carleton Stevens Coon ngokuba "yindawo ngokobuhlanga classic yeYurophu." Xa umsebenzi wakhe 'Races of Europe "(1939) uthi ukuba uhlanga yaseScandinavia mihla - umxube ezimbini akudala Mediterranean yabantu iintlobo (Uhlobo neNkcubeko emfazweni namazembe kunye iDanube type). Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba izifundo DNA, olu lwalamano yathatyathwa ayilunganga. Yayibonisa unxibelelwano asondele kakhulu phakathi kweentlobo yaseScandinavia kunye Upper Paleolithic - ngaphezu nayiphi na lweMeditera.

Ekuqaleni, ingqikelelo "uhlanga Nordic" (emantla) iye yaziswa semvelaphi French uYosefu Deniker owadala ukuhlelwa iintlanga ngo-1900. ukusetyenziswa kwaso yenzelwe ukuchaza "uluntu yobuhlanga" (ethnos).

Kwinkulungwane xxi phakathi zesayensi kunye zebhayoloji kwasekwa bevumelana kumba wokuba kwentlanga "olunyulu" akakho, yaye akazange. Ukuvela yemfuza abantu ngakumbi phantsi imfundiso ngokweendidi baseYurophu amaqela ngokobuhlanga kuchazwe ngokucacileyo.

Kodwa nayiphi na imeko, inyaniso ihlala phakathi ukungaqiniseki okukhoyo malunga namacandelo ngokobuhlanga ukuba northerners luphawulwa iimpawu ezithile emzimbeni, kwakunye yokugcina ekhethekile yokuziphatha kwezentlalo, nabanako avakalisa njenge "uphawu Vikings". Oku - inkululeko, unyamezelo, inyathelo, amandla, ukusebenza nzima, ingqiqo okunzulu lobulungisa.